• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2020

Although companies perform societal marketing activities across different cultural regions, previous research was predominantly centered on a specific cultural region-the West. To address this limitation in the literature, the current research examines societal marketing in the Chinese market considering cultural characteristics. China has become the largest market in the world with great potential growth for its vast consumer base. Since there is heterogeneity among regions in China, it is imperative to divide China into several markets for better understanding. Thus, this study investigates different responses of Chinese regional (coastal vs. inland) consumers toward Cause-related Marketing (CM). Our findings reveal that Chinese consumers, in general, prefer utilitarian CM products compared to hedonic CM products, which is the opposite result of findings of the previous research. Further, this was truer for consumers in inland regions, while coastal consumers did not display any preference by product type. The academic and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to understand the phenomenon called "regional multinational" in the geographical expansion of multinational enterprises and to find some evidence whether globalization of multinational enterprises tends to have a strong home region bias. Research design, data, and methodology - Through an in-depth case analysis, we analyze the series of strategic behaviors Wal-Mart made in South Korea from its entry in 1998 to its withdrawal in 2006. Then, we discuss the plausible causes of this exit, seeking to provide some evidence on the "regional multinational" phenomenon. Result - This study finds some evidence on the regional-based expansion of multinational enterprises. Our case study shows that Wal-Mart in South Korea focused on global standardization strategy and made an exit from the market as they were faced with increasing localization demands. From the perspective of multinational enterprises' globalization strategy, Wal-Mart's exit from the South Korean market can be considered as a strategic exit. Conclusion - The findings of this study suggest that while national responsiveness and localized adaptation are considered as a panacea for penetrating international markets, in reality most multinational enterprises attempt to add value primarily by capitalizing on similarities across markets and remain as regional multinationals.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.265-285
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• 2016

이 논문은 경북 동해안 지역금융시장을 분석하고 있다. 분석결과에 따르면 신용협동기구는 지역의 영세기업의 금융제약을 완화하기 위해 충분한 노력을 기울이지 않고 있다. 많은 논의는 신용협동기구가 지역에 밀착된 경영을 통해 자신의 경쟁력을 강화하고 나아가 안정적인 성장을 도모해야 한다고 제안한다. 그러나 현재 그들은 차입자의 사적인 정보를 획득하기 위한 노력을 충분히 기울이고 있지 않은 채, 신용평점제도와 담보에 의존하여 자금을 운용하고 있다. 이 자체 그들의 취약한 경쟁력의 근저에 놓여있는 문제이다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 신용협동기구는 지역사회개발에 적극 참여해야 한다. 다른 한편 정부도 이들의 육성에 힘을 기울여야 한다. 이들의 기능이 활성화될 때 지역금융시장의 효율성이 제고되고 지역경제도 순조롭게 성장할 수 있을 것이다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

The Asian food market has been growing recently, due to the role played by major Asian countries, which include Korea, China, and Japan. This study is purposed to investigate the potential of the food market in these Northeast Asian countries and to suggest future direction for global food companies. For in-depth analysis, this study is limited in scope to the confectionery market and analyzes that market within two frameworks: first, the 'Market Attractiveness Matrix' which transforms the 'BCG Matrix' to fit into the food market in order to analyze the flow in the Asian confectionery market; and second, analysis of the potential growth of the market using a Category Development Index (CDI), which aids in understanding the growth potential of a market. The European food market has recently reached its capacity and is now experiencing a low growth rate (Data Monitor, 2011). It is time for food companies to find a new 'blue ocean' to avoid fierce competition in the mature markets of Europe. Therefore, this analysis of the confectionery market, using the Market Attractiveness Matrix and CDI will suggest opportune directions for global food companies.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.275-301
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• 2020

We analyze state-level matching efficiencies in the Indian labor market using stochastic frontier analysis. The key contribution of this research is the estimation of matching efficiencies at the state level because these can be used for a state-level measure of labor market conditions. Next, we explore the relationship between the estimated matching efficiencies and population density, labor market flexibility, and the Ease of Doing Business index, respectively. The results show that matching efficiency is heterogeneous across states with considerable variation in accordance with the regional diversity in India. However, we find that there is little relationship between the estimated matching efficiencies and the labor market conditions of interest, suggesting that other regional diversity affects matching efficiencies across states in India.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2023

Purpose: Market basket analysis is one of the most frequently used methods in the retail industry today as a technique to discover the product association. It is empirically analyzed how these product associations differ regionally in the case of the United States. Research design, data, and methodology: Based on the purchasing data of consumer panels collected from 49 US states, the association rules for each state was extracted with the corresponding lift values indicating product association. The difference in lift values in 49 states by the association rule was compared and tested for 49 states and for 4 census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, West). Results: The association rules of 3/4 of the same association rules show positive associations or negative associations depending on the lift values of the states. There were significant differences in the lift values for 49 states, and for 4 census regions. These significant differences in the lift values were found to be related to the distance between states and whether states belong to the same census region. Conclusions: Retail product associations shown by market basket analysis may vary depending on regional distance or regional heterogeneity. It is necessary to pay attention to these points in multi-store environment.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제30권
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• pp.123-144
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• 2006

MERCOSUR (Southern Cone Common Market, Latin American trade organization established in 1991, full members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay; associate members: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) is the world's third largest economic union. It is a vital region that Korean corporations should enter to preoccupy the Latin American market. Since China and Japan are recently moving strongly to advance into MERCOSUR, Korea needs to work out measures to cope with the situation. In trading with MERCOSUR, it is very important to establish a strategic base in the market from a long-term perspective rather than to approach the market only as an exporting market. From this viewpoint, Korea should regard MERCOSUR as a market with which it should cooperate in terms of resources, beyond a market from which it imports raw materials. Helped by its advancement strategies varying according to regional markets and price competitiveness, China is bolstering its market share in these regions. In addition, China has built production bases focused on electric and electronics products. It is also increasing its investments in MERCOSUR as a stable raw material-providing base. To make inroads into MERCOSUR successfully, therefore, Korean enterprises should not regard it as a market where it disposes of stock goods, but should instead export technologically competitive goods to this region. Likewise, Korean companies should expand their investments in automotive parts and machinery in MERCOSUR. Furthermore, Korea should closely study international trading policies of MERCOSUR to clear away any possible obstacles of exports to this region and to prepare countermeasures so as to avoid possible damage from import regulations of MERCOSUR.

• 지역연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1994

• 지역연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 1990

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is 1) to identify Chinese environment for investment and apparel market, 2) to analyze the current situations of Korean fashion brands＇entry to Chinese market, 3) to analyze the marketing strategies to China according to product category, and 4) to identify merits and problems of Chinese market. For data collection, secondary resources were collected, and the telephone interview with merchandisers were implemented with brand managers. Twenty-one fashion brands were included for the study. Results of the study were as followed： 1) China was a big potential apparel market due to its rapid economic growth. Apparel purchase behavior and clothing preference of Chinese consumers were various by regional groups. 2) The motives of entry to China were to competition in domestic markets, saving raw material cost. The entry modes to China were direct export, license and regional manufacturing system. 3) Marketing strategies were to pursue high quality branding, high pricing and placing strategies with high-class department stores. Also star marketing were used with ＂Han Rue＂. Also various promotion strategies were implemented such as fashion show and unique VMD. 4) The merits of Chinese market were high potential market for export, close proximity, cultural similarity and Han-Ryu syndrome. Problems of Chinese market for export were lack of experts on Chinese market, fierce competition in China, and unstable economic policies.