• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 1981

South Korea's 'Green Revolution', which is considered to be one of Asia's most successful programs of integrated rural development, has achieved two main objectives: (1) bringing the country closer to self-sufficiency and (2) narrowing the income gap between rural and ruban incomes and thus allowing agriculture to participate in the nation's economic growth.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2014

An ultrasound-assisted Sn-Ag-Pd activation method for electroless copper plating was presented in this study. With this activation process, it was shown that the fine catalyst particles were homogeneously distributed with high density on the entire specimen. In addition, it was observed that incubation period occurred during the electroless plating step was decreased owing to the absorption of Ag which holds high catalytic activity. Resulting from the refinement and high densification of catalyst, the defect-free gap-fill was achieved within the 20x nm trench.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2023

London's BID, introduced in the early 2000s, has grown significantly to fill the gap between government services which have been decreased by the global recession and localism, and the demand for better services to strengthen competitiveness on a global level. Based on this background, this study comparatively analysed two BIDs in London with contrasting regional characteristics to find how BID works differently for the regeneration and sustainable development of regional business districts according to regional characteristics. As a result, the two BIDs ultimately had the goal of improving the local business environment and strengthening the competitiveness of local businesses and had a common point of working in close partnership with the public sector such as the local government. However, depending on the local situation and characteristics, it has been observed that there are differences in the strategies of work and the roles and relationships in the partnership with the public sector.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2020

Background: Unmet healthcare needs have many advantages for measuring inequalities in healthcare use. However, the existing indicator is difficult to capture the reality of unmet healthcare needs sufficiently and is not quite appropriate in comparing regional inequality. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the utilization of the unmet healthcare need indicator for regional healthcare inequalities research. Methods: We used the level of healthcare accessibility and healthcare need to categorize the regions that are known to cause differences in healthcare utilization between regions and verified how existing unmet healthcare need indicator is distributed at the regional level. Results: Four types of regions were classified according to the high and low levels of healthcare needs and accessibility. The hypothesis about the regional type expected to have the highest unmet healthcare need was not proved. The hypothesis about the lowest expected regional type was proved, but the difference in the average rate of unmet healthcare needs among regional types was not significant. The standard deviation of the rate of unmet healthcare needs among regions within the same type was also higher than the overall regional variation, which also disproved the whole frame of hypothesis. Conclusion: Failure to prove the hypothesis means the gap between the supposed meaning of the indicator and the reality. In order to understand the current state of healthcare utilization of people in various regions of Korea and to resolve inequality, fundamental research on the in-depth structure and mechanisms of healthcare utilization is needed.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.199-210
• /
• 2020

Background: Based on the importance of ceasing smoking programs to control the regional disparity of smoking behavior in Korea, this study aims to reveal the variation of smoke rate and determinants of it for 229 provinces. An evaluation of the relative efficiency of the cease smoking program under the consideration of regional characteristics was followed. Methods: The main sources of data are the Korean Statistical Information Service and a national survey on the expenditure of public health centers. Multivariate regression is performed to figure the determinants of regional variation of smoking rate. Based on the result of the regression model, clustering analysis was conducted to group 229 regions by their characteristics. Three clusters were generated. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), relative efficiency scores are calculated. Results from the pooled model which put 229 provinces in one model to score relative efficiency were compared with the cluster-separated model of each cluster. Results: First, the maximum variation of the smoking rate was 16.9%p. Second, sex ration, the proportion of the elder, and high risk drinking alcohol behavior have a significant role in the regional variation of smoking. Third, the population and proportion of the elder are the main variables for clustering. Fourth, dissimilarity on the results of relative efficiency was found between the pooled model and cluster-separated model, especially for cluster 2. Conclusion: This study figured regional variation of smoking rate and its determinants on the regional level. Unconformity of the DEA results between different models implies the issues on regional features when the regional evaluation performed especially on the programs of public health centers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 2019

Indonesia's most eastern provinces enjoy special autonomy status but still suffer from the highest poverty level in the entire nation. Using the Williamson index to test the Simon Kuznets theory, this study examines development equality at pre-and post-special autonomy in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. It uses gross domestic products per capita and population from 29 regencies/cities in Papua and 13 regencies/cities in West Papua to measure the Williamson index in addition to in-depth interviews with legislative members and document analysis to validate the findings. The study found that the regional development gap before special autonomy is relatively smaller than that existing after special autonomy. The Kuznets' curve is not proven in the special autonomy era, meaning that the imposition of autonomy status has led to the creation of a higher development gap in these provinces. Although the special autonomy status has prompted an increased opportunity for political participation by the indigenous people, greater challenges are posed by the lack of human resources, poor government administration, difficult geographical access and the issue of land acquisition. Continuous development initiatives followed up with adequate supervision, greater transparency and law enforcement from government bureaucrats and legislatures are recommended to reduce the inequality.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.279-292
• /
• 2008

The concept of "new consumer sovereignty" is playing a significant role in having the initiative of production and consumption of technology and culture trend. Today the 'new consumers' positively use digital and information technology in purchasing. To understand these consumers' new purchase tendency, the study examined the actual conditions 1) of consumers' use of digital and information technology, 2) of digital devide between consumers, and 3) the consumer's attitude to changes of their lifestyle which digital convergence could result in. The subjects were thousand male and female adults. The data were collected from a survey conducted by Embrain, a research firm in Seoul, in the period of June 1st, 2007 ${\sim}$ June 10th, 2007. The results show: 1. Most subjects have computers, their Internet use is their general life, and they have lots of exposure opportunities to digital information. They positively and actively use information technology. 2. Between male and female subjects, and between old and young generation there is a significant digital gap. But the gap between regional areas is statistically not significant. 3. The subject's attitude to digital convergence society shows both positive expectation and negative concerns. Concludingly, to embody a desirable digital convergence society, it is necessary to be searched the ways which can decrease the digital gap and policy to share benefit that information technology can give to consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.815-823
• /
• 2013

The hot curvature forming of large aluminum plates is a process used to produce spherical liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks. In this study, we describe a method to determine the optimum shape of blanks to minimize the root gap in the forming process. The method proposed in this study was applied to a small-scale model for thick plates with a curvature of 1500 mm and thickness of 6 mm. First, the shape of the curved shells was determined as the target shape, and then a coordinate transform was used to determine the optimum blank shape, which was then iteratively modified using the results of finite element method (FEM) simulations, including heat transfer, until the shape error was minimized. Experiments in forming using Al5083 thick plate were carried out, showing that the method can determine the optimum blank shape within an allowable root gap of 0.1 mm.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.240-250
• /
• 2018

By the end of 2017, in a world of 7.6 billion people, there were inequalities in healthcare indices both within and between nations, and this gap continues to increase. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of regional inequalities in healthcare indices and to find an action plan to tackle regional health inequality through a geo-economic review in Korea. Since 2008, there was great inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by region in not only metropolitan cities but also districts in Korea. While the community health statistics from 2008-2017 show a continuous increase of inequality during the last 10 years in most healthcare indices related to noncommunicable diseases (except for some, like smoking), the inequality has doubled in 254 districts. Furthermore, health inequality intensified as the gap between urban (metropolitan cities) and rural regions (counties) for rates of obesity (self-reported), sufficient walking practices, and healthy lifestyle practices increased from twofold to fivefold. However, regionalism and uneven development are natural consequences of the spatial perspective caused by state-lead developmentalism as Korea has fixed the accumulation strategy as its model for growth with the background of export-led industrialization in the 1960s and heavy and chemical industrialization in the 1970s, although the Constitution of the Republic of Korea recognizes the legal value of balanced development within the regions by specifying "the balanced development of the state" or "ensuring the balanced development of all regions." In addition, the danger of a 30% decline or extinction of local government nationwide is expected by 2040 as we face not only a decline in general and ageing populations but also the era of the demographic cliff. Thus, the government should continuously operate the "Special Committee on Regional Balanced Development" with a government-wide effort until 2030 to prevent disparities in the health conditions of local residents, which is the responsibility of the nation in terms of strengthening governance. To address the regional inequalities of rural and urban regions, it is necessary to re-adjust the basic subsidy and cost-sharing rates with local governments of current national subsidies based mainly on population scale, financial independence of local government, or distribution of healthcare resources and healthcare indices (showing high inequalities) overall.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2021

This study conducted topic modeling, association analysis, and sentiment analysis focused on text mining in order to reflect regional characteristics in the process of establishing an information plan in Chungcheongbuk-do. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that Chungcheongbuk-do occupies a relatively high proportion of educational activities to bridge the information gap, and is interested in improving infrastructure to provide non-face-to-face, untouched administrative services, and bridge the gap between urban and rural areas. In addition, it is necessary to refer to the fact that there is a positive evaluation of the combination of bio and IT in the regional strategic industry and examples of ICT innovation services. It has been confirmed that smart cities have high expectations for the establishment of various cooperation systems with IT companies, but continuous crisis management is necessary so that they are not related to political issues. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as one of the methods to specifically reflect regional changes in the process of informatization.