• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2016

This paper emphasized the necessity of the marine spatial planning (MSP) through the analysis of the major developmental projects which could make a contradiction based on the adequacy of the site selection and environmental impacts. The conflicting affairs between space utilization and management plan happen in the following ways: marine renewable energy development, sand mining, reclamation, construction of golf course in coastal area, thermal effluent and waste heat, erosion causing port development. The conflict of stakeholder continues caused by the accumulated environmental impact. For the reasons mentioned above, we found two things. First, it is necessary to comprehend the fact of developmental planning and MSP. Second, it is still unsatisfactory to connect the relevance of laws related to the spatial planning. For the reinforcement of marine environmental policy management, it is necessary to consolidate the property of site selection and assessment of developmental scale. Especially, while the strategic environmental assessment is in progress based on site selection and property of scale, consistent diagnosis is needed in the following concerns: the fact of the marine spatial planning, the relevance between national developmental plan and regional developmental plan, fisheries regulation, marine protected animals. For the environmentally sound and sustainable development (ESSD), MSP should have to be prepared based in a way of top-down including coastal and EEZ plan, relevance of ocean-use zoning and sector planning, 3-D spatial information. And also integrated information system have to be prepared through high-tech marine spatial information. In conclusion, consistent and relevant strategy for MSP should have to include the whole information related to the maritime affairs such as harbor, fishing port, fishing ground, coastal management, marine ecosystem generally.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.841-849
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• 2010

Soil erosion is an natural phenomenon. However accelerated soil erosion has caused many environmental problems. To reduce soil loss from a watershed, many management practices have been proposed worldwide. To develop proper and efficient soil erosion best management practices, soil erosion rates should be estimated spatially and temporarily. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and USLE-based soil erosion and sediment modelling systems have been developed and tested in many countries. The Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) system has been developed and enhanced to provide ease-of-use interface to the USLE users. However many researchers and decision makers have requested to enhance the SATEEC system for simulation of soil erosion and sediment reflecting effects of single storm event. Thus, the SATEEC R factors were estimated based on 5 day antecedent rainfall data. The SATEEC 2.1 daily R factor was applied to the study watershed and it was found that the R2 and EI values (0.776 and 0.776 for calibration and 0.927 and 0.911 for validation) with the daily R were greater than those (0.721 and 0.720 for calibration and 0.906 and 0.881 for validation) with monthly R, which was available in the SATEEC 2.0 system. As shown in this study, the SATEEC with daily R can be used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield at a watershed scale with higher accuracy. Thus the SATEEC with daily R can be efficiently used to develop site-specific soil erosion best management practices based on spatial and temporal analysis of soil erosion and sediment yield at a daily-time step, which was not possible with USLE-based soil erosion modeling system.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.511-522
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• 2015

This study assessed the impact of uncertainties in flood data on the results of flood frequency analysis for Han river basin. To meet this aim, this study quantified assessment focused on the index flood and quantile by regional flood frequency analysis using the flood data from 17 water level gauges in Han river basin. We analysed the results categorized by three cases according to the characteristics of the measured data. Firstly, we analyzed the regional flood frequency for the water level gauge in the Pyungchang river basin to investigate the impact of water level data. The results has the error of 0.240 with respect to the mean flood. Secondly, we examined the impact of uncertainty in measurement data generated by the application of rating on the results of regional flood frequency analysis. We have compared the results by applying the rating estimated for each year to the one by the recently estimated rating. The results showed that the mean error has 0.246 in terms of the mean flood. Finally, we have inferred the regional flood frequency analysis results with the regulated flow in the downstream area of dams. The regulated specific discharge in the downstream area of dams controlled by dam operation showed a large difference to the estimated specific discharge in the downstream area of dams by extension of the natural specific discharge in the upstream area using the regionalization method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

This study's objects are to suggest effective forest community-level management measures by identifying the vulnerable forest vegetation communities types to climate change through a comparative analysis with present forest communities identified and delineated in the Actual Vegetation Map. The methods of this study are to classify the climatic life zones based on the correlative climate-vegetation relationship for each forest vegetation community, the Holdridge Bio-Climate Model was employed. This study confirms relationship between forest vegetation and environmental factors using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Then, the future distribution of forest vegetation are predicted derived factors and present distribution of vegetation by utilizing the multinomial logit model. The vulnerability of forest to climate change was evaluated by identifying the forest community shifts slower than the average velocity of forest moving (VFM) for woody plants, which is assumed to be 0.25 kilometers per year. The major findings in this study are as follows : First, the result of correlative analysis shows that summer precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest month, elevation, soil organic matter contents, and soil acidity (pH) are highly influencing factors to the distribution of forest vegetation. Secondly, the result of the vulnerability assessment employing the assumed velocity of forest moving for woody plants (0.25kmjyear) shows that 54.82% of the forest turned out to be vulnerable to climate change. The sub-alpine vegetations in regions around Mount Jiri and Mount Seorak are predicted to shift the dominance toward Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities. In the identified vulnerable areas centering the southern and eastern coastal regions, about 8.27% of the Pinus densiflora communities is likely to shift to sub-tropical forest communities, and 3.38% of the Quercus mongolica communities is likely to shift toward Quercus acutissima communities. In the vulnerable areas scattered throughout the country, about 8.84% of the Quercus mongolica communities is likely to shift toward Pinus densiflora communities due to the effects of climate change. The study findings concluded that challenges associated with predicting the future climate using RCM and the assessment of the future vulnerabilities of forest vegetations to climate change are significant.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.393-405
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• 2014

In this study, the nonpoint sources were evaluated by calculating the Nadonggang basin regional water quality and nonpoint source pollution load discharged. And were selected the banks of first administration based on the results and the direction of the next administration. As a results of estimating the water quality about BOD concentration in the mid influence area in the Nakdonggang basin, it was founded that 10 sites for 'Ia' water quality level, 6 sites for 'lb' water quality level, 5 sites for 'II' water quality level, 1 sites for 'I' water quality level. The estimation of COD concentration in the mid influence area, It showed that 9 sites for 'Ib' water quality level, 6 sites for 'II' water quality level, 6 sites for 'III' water quality level, 1 site for 'IV' water quality level. The assessment of water quality made Mid influence area of Gumhogang, Nakdong Goryung, Nakdong Milyang and Namgang selected as the mid influence area of high pollution. And delivery loads of nonpoint sources were calculated for mid influence area in Nakdonggang basin(max delivery load : 17,706.7 kg/day for Gumhogang influence area). As the result of calculating NPS(nonpoint sources) delivery load and water quality at influence area in Nakdonggang basin, Gumhogang influence area was selected as an area for management priority among nonpoint sources.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to develop PSCF (potential source contribution function) program and determine the optimal values of control parameters to enhance the prediction of PSCF modeling. This study provides an important information and methodologies that can be used to get better results of locating influencing sources, especially unknown and fugitive sources. To determine proper values of control parameters in PSCF model, the diagnostic assessment on the results obtained by the various input conditions was carried out. PSCF model has created and improved from version 1.0 to version 7.0 since 200 I and the measured data (at least > 100) of receptor, and the values of control input parameters should be arranged and determined to obtain reliable results in PSCF modeling. The size of modeling domain must be determined to include enough trajectories to get reliable results. And the size of grid is recommended to be 2.5 $\sim$ 5 degrees for global scale, 0.2 $\sim$ 1 degrees for regional scale and 0.05 degree for local scale.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

Soil was regarded as infinite resources but recently, soil is considered as invaluable resources that we need to protect and conserve. Main objective of this research was to evaluate soil value in terms of soil carbon contents. Soil was classified into forest, paddy, upland, and grass. Carbon contents in each soil was calculated based on soil chemical properties. Calculated soil carbon contents was ranged $15.31-108.86mg\;kg^{-1}$. Based on soil carbon contents, soil value was assumed adapting economic concepts. Calculated total soil value based on soil carbon contents was about 18.46 trillion won. Among others, carbon contents in forest was the highest and value was assumed 11.95 trillion won followed by paddy field (3.7 trillion won).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2017

Soil quality has been regarded as an important factor for maintaining sustainability of ecosystem. Main purpose of this research was i) to select minimum factor for predicting biomass, and ii) to calculate soil quality index for biomass according to soil chemical properties. Result showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and available phosphorus are minimum data set for calculating biomass production in soil. Selected representative soil chemical properties were evaluated for soil quality index and rated from 1 to 5 (1 is the best for biomass production). Percentage of each grade in terms of biomass production in national wide was 14.52, 35.23, 33.03, 6.47, 10.75% respectively. Although, only soil chemical properties were evaluated for calculating optimum soil quality, result of this research can be useful to understand basic protocol of soil quality assessment in national wide.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-38
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• 2012

Adaptation of climate change is necessary to avoid unexpected impacts of climate change caused by human activities. Vulnerability refers to the degree to which system cannot cope with impacts of climate change, encompassing physical, social and economic aspects. Therefore the quantification of climate change impacts and its vulnerability is needed to identify vulnerable regions and to setup the proper strategies for adaptation. In this study, climate change vulnerability is defined as a function of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Also, we identified regions vulnerable to ozone due to climate change in Korea using developed proxy variables of vulnerability of regional level. 18 proxy variables are selected through delphi survey to assess vulnerability over human health sector for ozone concentration change due to climate change. Also, we estimate the weighting score of proxy variables from delphi survey. The results showed that the local regions with higher vulnerability index in the sector of human health are Seoul and Daegu, whereas regions with lower one are Jeollanam-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangju, Busan, Daejeon, and Gangwon-do. The regions of high level vulnerability are mainly caused by their high ozone exposure. We also assessed future vulnerability according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2, A1FI, A1T, A1B, B2, and B1 scenarios in 2020s, 2050s and 2100s. The results showed that vulnerability increased in all scenarios due to increased ozone concentrations. Especially vulnerability index is increased by approximately 2 times in A1FI scenarios in the 2020s. This study could support regionally adjusted adaptation polices and the quantitative background of policy priority as providing the information on the regional vulnerability of ozone due to climate change in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_3
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• pp.1847-1859
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• 2022

Wildfires in North Korea can have a directly or indirectly affect South Korea if they go south to the Demilitarized Zone. Therefore, this study calculates the regional optimized Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) based on Local Data Assessment and Prediction System (LDAPS) weather data to obtain forest fire risk in North Korea, and applied it to the cases in Goseong-gun and Cheorwon-gun, North Korea in April 2022. As a result, the suitability was confirmed as the FFDI at the time of ignition corresponded to the risk class Extreme and Severe sections, respectively. In addition, a qualitative comparison of the risk map and the soil moisture map before and after the wildfire, the correlation was grasped. A new forest fire risk index that combines drought factors such as soil moisture, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) will be needed in the future.