• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2007

The European Union(EU) has implemented the Structural Funds since 1994, in order to achieve its harmonious development though the strengthening of economic and social cohesion in the EU territory, and particularly to tackle regional disparities and to support backward regions in the territory. In the July of 2006, the Council of EU has flatly laid down the provisions of the Structural Funds which is applied to the period of 2007-2013, having regard to the proposal from the European Commission and the assent of the European Parliament. Given this context, this work deals with the features of the Structural Funds(2007-2013), focusing on the funds' objectives, the regions and countries under the application of such objectives, allocation of the funds among the EU Member States, and the funds' financial resources.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

This research is devoted to the development of methods general and standard methodological approaches and approbation those for the evaluation of economic potential and level of concentration of the regions of Kazakhstan. This paper presents the results of development of the authors on the selection and justification of the methodological approaches for quantitative evaluation of the economic potential (the degree of territorial differentiation of the profile) and concentration of regions. In this study, we used scientific methods: method of analysis the main trends of economic development, and method of evaluation of concentration of the region. Based on the analysis of foreign techniques developed and tested methodical approaches to the assessment of the economic potential (index and coefficient methods). Proposed methodological approaches to the assessment profile of the territory and developed a system of indicators, which includes an aggregated index of spatial concentration, which accurately reflects the concentration of production in the region. This study shows the results of the analysis of the potential regional disparities and trends of economic development of Kazakhstan. By using, the proposed methodology shows the possibility of their use; we calculated the indicators of integrated assessment of the economic potential and indicators of spatial concentration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4143-4145
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• 2014

Background: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Ewing sarcoma (ES) outcome data. The aim of this study was to identify and optimize ES-specific survival prediction models and sources of survival disparities. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for ES. 1844 patients diagnosed between 1973-2009 were used for this study. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict the outcome (bone and joint specific death, yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. Results: The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 74.48 (89.66) months. 36% of the patients were female. The mean (S.D.) age was 18.7 (12) years. The SEER staging has the highest ROC (S.D.) area of 0.616 (0.032) among the factors tested. We simplified the 4-layered risk levels (local, regional, distant, un-staged) to a simpler non-metastatic (I and II) versus metastatic (III) versus un-staged model. The ROC area (S.D.) of the 3-tiered model was 0.612 (0.008). Several other biologic factors were also predictive of ES-specific survival, but not the socio-economic factors tested here. Conclusions: ROC analysis measured and optimized the performance of ES survival prediction models. Optimized models will provide a more efficient way to stratify patients for clinical trials.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

The study aims to analyze the theoretical background of the economic growth and sustainable development; systematization of scientists view on monitoring and economic and innovative evaluation, analysis and diagnosis of factors affecting these processes. Rating characteristics of the level of innovative resources development obtained based on the comparative analysis of Kazakhstan regions. Calculations were done based on official statistics during 2010 and 2015-2017. Based on obtained data there has been grading of the country regions and their ratings were determined by the level of development of innovative resources. This research identifies areas and mechanisms to ensure balanced sustainable development of the national economy. The findings suggest that sustainable development of the state is affected by the innovative activity of the regions, the sustainable development of which is ensured by innovative enterprises. Transition to the model of sustainable territorial development involves the formation of such conditions and the use of mechanisms under which the natural base of this development is not destroyed, the environment suitable for human existence is preserved and reproduced. The findings of this research support for pursuing a national policy of reducing regional imbalances, and promoting a more balanced and sustainable development of the whole country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.529-540
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• 2020

The objective of this research paper is to study the simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality among Vietnamese provinces. We use a balanced panel data set of 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam in the period from 2011 to 2018. The study used 3SLS-GMM (Three Stage Least Squares - Generalized Method of Moments estimator) and GMM-HAC (Generalized Method of Moments - Heteroskedastic and Autocorrelation Consistent estimator). Empirical evidence shows a strong simultaneous relationship: increased corruption will increase regional income disparities, income inequality, and increase fiscal decentralization. In addition, the results also suggest that an increase in per-capita income will reduce the level of corruption, or better control corruption of each province. The degree of increase in income inequality, which reduces fiscal decentralization, is the same for trade liberalization. All demonstrate that there is a simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality. In a region of high public governance quality, fiscal decentralization positively effects its economic growth. This issue will indirectly increase income inequality between provinces within a country. Our findings imply that a country's fiscal decentralization strategy should be linked to improving corruption control and local governance effectiveness, indirectly improving income inequality between localities or regions.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.551-567
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• 2011

The Purpose of this study is to calculate the importance of the indicators for low carbon rural village planning. We made two kinds of indicators for inland area and waterside area to consider regional disparities. To develop indicators, a draft of the indicators was estimated with collected research materials and 42 experts reviewed this draft three times with modified delphi technique to check the validity and revise the draft. As a result, the inland indicators were settled with 4 domains 8 items 20 indicators and the waterside indicators were 4 domains 8 items 22 indicators. And next, calculating the importance of each indicators is progressed by AHP, analytic hierarchy process. So 42 experts chose the best important indicator related to air conditioning and heating or agricultural spin off in two kinds of indicators. The final indicators will be used to realize low carbon rural village planning in future which the government is pushing forward with construction of six-hundred low carbon green village.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 2013

Regional disparities between eastern and western regions is the most of serious problem for balanced regional development in Turkey. The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) is being implemented to eliminate these regional development disparities. The work that was initially planned as predominantly for hydraulic energy production to utilize water resources of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers more effectively was later transformed into an integrated multi-sector regional development project. This study noted that this region had very limited cash crop production because of the constraints of semi-arid climate of the southeastern region, however, later, it has changed Turkey's major cotton producing region since Southeastern Anatolia Project carried out. Therefore, this study investigated background, process, and content of the Southeastern Anatolia Project with respect to high cotton productivity in this region and examined the dynamic changes of cotton productivity in this region. In addition, Sanliurfa prefecture is one of the main development axes of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, because government investments are concentrated on this prefecture. Therefore, this study examined the background and process of cotton farming growth in this prefecture. In 2011, Sanliurfa prefecture produced 37.6% of Turkey's total cotton production. This is mainly due to agricultural infrastructure expansion such as land consolidation, irrigation, roads and farm roads. Also, it is one of the main factor that subsidies paid to farmers for cotton cultivation. The introduction of irrigation has dramatically changed the direction of seasonal migration of this area. Prior to irrigation, this area had a serious social issue about out-migration for seasonal labor to other areas. However, the introduction of irrigation made this area that changed to in-migration and intramigration for cotton cultivation. Irrigation water is supplied to farmers through the WUAs (Water User Associations) that handed over irrigation water management, operation from DSI (General Directorate of State of Hydraulic Works). However, the WUAs are under the influence of Ashiret, a traditional feudal social structure. Because of this reason, it does not have an efficient management for farmers. Also, it is one of the reasons that this area does not have autonomous farmer organization.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.61-79
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• 2021

Despite the rapid economic growth, people's quality of life has not been improved and the regional and hierarchical disparities of it have deepened. We analysed regional differences in quality of life and it was found that non-capital regions, provinces and rural areas compared to Seoul and capital region, metropolitan cities, and urban areas respectively, show a relatively lower level of satisfaction in the quality of life. An in-depth analysis of Chungcheongnam-do province shows that the trend was similar to that of the national analysis. The quality of life satisfaction of the elderly was lower than that of the young and middle-aged, and this trend was similar regardless of region. Young people living in the Dong area showed high satisfaction with the quality of life than the middle-aged and elderly living in the Myeon area. It was observed the level of Life SOC services in urban areas have been better than the one in rural areas. However, there is no clear relationship between quality of life satisfaction and the expansion of Life SOC, therefore, it is difficult to argue that the government intervention to expand Life SOC will improve the citizen's quality of life satisfaction. The implication of the study is that the future supply policy of the Life SOC should be based on the detailed analysis of the impact on the environment, and linking with the development of various programs in progress rather than supplying a Life SOC that provides a single service. Furthermore, in rural areas it is essential to enhance user demand by combining several services in supply and to improve the efficiency of managing the services.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.282-292
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify the relationship between regional health outcomes and the living population, which may reflect the characteristics of population migration in Seoul. Methods: This study used raw data on cause of death statistics from Statistics Korea's Micro Data Integration Service. To identify the independent variable, the living population, we used living population data provided by Korean Telecom for 25 districts of Seoul. The control variables were based on the four domains of SDoH (social determinants of health; economic stability, healthcare access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context). Panel generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis was used to determine the relationship between living population and regional health outcomes. Results: The panel GEE analysis showed that all mortality-related health outcomes (avoidable, preventable, and treatable mortality) had a statistically significant negative relationship with the living population. This indicated that an increase in living population had a positive effect on mortality-related health outcomes. Conclusion: The identification of a notable relationship between regional health outcomes and population density underscores the utility of incorporating living population metrics as key indicators in the development of policies aimed at mitigating health disparities. Moreover, this finding advocates for strategic expansions of local infrastructure, with a particular emphasis on areas characterized by low living populations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2965-2972
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• 2016

Background: China carries a heavy burden of cervical cancer (CC) and substantial disparities exist across regions within the country. In order to reduce regional disparities in CC, the government of China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) in 2009. Critical to the success of the program are the health care workers who play a pivotal role in preventing and managing CC by encouraging and motivating women to use screening services and by providing identification and treatment services. This study aimed to assess cervical cancer knowledge among these health care workers at the county level in maternal and child health (MCH) hospitals across different socio-economic regions of China. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and self-administered questionnaires were sent to all health care workers (a total of 66) providing cervical cancer screening services in 6 county level MCH hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, representing eastern, central and western regions of China; 64 (97.0%, 64/66) of the workers responded. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the knowledge rate and scores in subgroups. Results: The knowledge level of the respondents was generally low. The overall combined knowledge rate was 46.9%. The knowledge rates for risk factors, prevention, clinical symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests and understanding of positive results were 31.3%, 37.5%, 18.1%, 56.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in scores or rates of CC knowledge were seen across the different regions. The total and sectional scores in the less developed regions were statistically significantly lower than in the other regions. Conclusions: The majority of the health care workers who provide CC screening service in NCCSPRA at county level MCH hospitals do not have adequately equipped with knowledge about CC. Given the importance of knowledge to the program's success in reducing CC burden in rural women in China, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of health care workers, especially in less developed regions.