• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2008

n-ZnO/p-Si heterostructure is a good candidate for ZnO-based heterojunction light emitting diodes(LED) because of its competitive price and lower driving voltage. However, the conventional LED shows much lower extraction efficiency, because it has small top contact and large backside contact. In this structure, the injected current from the top contact enters the active region underneath the top contact. Thus, the emitted light is hindered by the opaque top contact. This problem can be solved by using a current-blocking layer(CBL) that prevents the current injection into the active region below the top contact.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2003

Under the sudden change of competitive environment, the economic cooperation as a part of survival strategy is being a big issue among countries. There was much discussion based on the geological adjacency as well as cultural homogeneity regarding the economic cooperation of three countries, Korea, China, Japan. It has been also known that major trade countries of the world concluded the treaty of region trade, then extended the number of export, and drew a success in foreign direct investment. It can be considered that Korea will play a major role in the three countries' automobile industry based on Japanese demonstrated technology, Chinese resources, market and experience with their economic cooperation. Therefore it is expected that a big result will be achieved throughout such a role play of each country. This paper has a purpose to light up the distinctive quality and the present condition of each country in automobile industry, and to promote the foundation of three countries' economic cooperation. It is convinced that the economic cooperation of three countries, Korea, China and Japan in automobile industry, will play a great role in the world automobile market.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 1996

To know the changes of rbcL mRNA level by illumination, Northern hybridization analysis was performed with maize (Zea mays L.cv. Golden X Bantam). The average level of rbcL. mRNA in the light-grown shoots was 3.1 times higher than that of the dark-grown shoots after 6 to 10 growth days. The maximum difference of rbcL mRNA level between the dark-grown and the light-grown shoots was 5.1 folds. These results indicate that accumulation of rbcL mRNAin maize shoots is induced by light. Since the transcriptional DNA binding proteins and their cognate promoter elements, we carried out gel-retardation assays to elucidate the specific binding proteins on the rbcL promoter. It was found that plastid proteins of light-grown shoots bound to the R2 DNA fragment (-33 to -229) and R3 DNA fragment (-230 to -418 from ATG) of the rbcL promoter. From the results of competitive binding assays and heat or protease treatments, it was demonstrated that the bindings were sequence-specific DNA-protein interactions. Therefore, it could be concluded that the rbcL promoter region has at least two specific recognition sites for plastid proteins.

• Strategy21
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• s.30
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• pp.200-235
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• 2012

Over the past few years, due to the climate change of the earth, the Arctic's sea ice cover is undergoing a historic transformation - thinning, extent reduction in all seasons, and mitigation in the area of multi-year ice in the central Arctic Ocean. These changes allow for increases in maritime access throughout the Arctic Ocean and for potential longer seasons of navigation and possibly transarctic voyage in the summer. These changes also allow more exploration for oil, gas, and other minerals. The Arctic is now an archetype of the complex, multi-dimensional global problems of the twenty-first century. Military security, environmental security, and economic security interact. The potentially enormous economic stakes, sufficient to change the strategic balance among the states of the region, set off competitive pressures for national advantage. Korea, which is heavily dependent upon the sea lane in terms of transportation of its exports and imports, is very much interested in the Arctic sea routes. Korea believes that the Artic sea route, particularly the Northern Sea Route (NSR), could serve as a new useful sea lane, which will enable shorter times between East Asia and Europe, thus resulting in substantial cost saving for ship operators. In addition to shipping, Korea is interested in other Arctic-related maritime industries. Korea, as a leading shipbuilder in the global market, is interested in building ice breakers, drill ships, and other vessels which can contribute to safe operation in Arctic resource development and exploration. Korea, as one of the future stakeholders in Arctic maritime activities, should be ready to foster international cooperation in the region.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.439-451
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• 2023

Purpose - Market structure is crucial to identify as it defines the market states for new and existing container ports to perform within a given region. the study aims to compare the major ports in the Bay of Bengal in the context of Chittagong Port. Design/methodology/approach - For this study, the past 9 years of container volume data have been collected and analyzed through the HHI index, BCG matrix and shift effect analysis. Based on the analysis, this study has found that the Chittagong Port is in an oligopoly competitive market structure. Findings - The findings have shown that port in low market share and low growth in very recent years with the moderately concentrated ports HHI index. The shift effect analysis shows that the container volumes shifted from one port to another in the 2019 and 2020 periods. This study is the pioneer study in the Bay of Bengal region to identify the market structure, analyze market share and growth, and analyze the market concentration. Research implications or Originality - Future recommendations for the port authority is to take advantage of geolocation; attract international; tax exemption, faster clearance process, reduced waiting charges; increasing storage and technological machinery; promoting maritime logistics education; promoting Chittagong tourism; collaboration with other countries. Also, this study can be used as basic data for the establishment of a new supply chain between Korea and Southwest Asia for the Korean government and companies.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2023

The commercialization has been of great importance to the clean energy research sector for investing the wind farm development, but it would be difficult to reach a social consensus on the need to expand the economic feasibility of renewable energy due to the lack of reliable and continuous information on levelized cost of Energy (LCOE). Regarding this fact, this paper presents the evaluation of LCOE, focusing on Ulsan offshore region targeting to build the first floating offshore wind farm. Energy production is estimated by the meteorology data combined with the Leanwind Project power curve of an exemplar wind turbine. This work aims to analyze the costs of the Capex depending on site-specific variables. The cost of final LCOE was estimated by using Monte-Carlo method, and it became an average range 297,090 KRW/MWh, a minimum of 251,080 KRW/MWh, and a maximum of 341,910 KRW/MWh. In the year 2021, the SMP (system marginal price) and 4.5 REC (renewable energy certificate) can be paid if 1 MWh of electricity is generated by renewable energy. Considering current SMP and REC price, the floating platform industry, which can earn around 502,000 KRW/MWh, can be finally estimated highly competitive in the Korean market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2024

Recently, retail technology has been developed by the rapid evolution of e-commerce and a representative example is ESL technology. In this study, we investigate ESL technology, market status and forecasts, and analyze the competitive structure between relational companies. Market analysis refers to data from market reports of Marketsandmarkets and Research, and internet media. In ESL, the display field is predicted to account for 43% of the total market in 2026, and is converting from LCD to electronic paper. The segmented type is becoming more advanced into the full-graphic type, and CAGR of 18.7% for 3-7 inches and 20.6% for 7-10 inches is predicted. The demand for ESL is greatest in North America and Europe, but CAGR is the highest in the Asia-Pacific region at 19.1%. Since ESL technology has a lot of overlap with semiconductor and display technology, the Asia-Pacific region is relatively advantageous, and this has led to rapid growth of domestic companies. However, it is expected that competition from European companies that are actually owned by Chinese companies will increase in the future, so continuous technological development and new market development are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.160-197
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to review research trends and issues of economic geography in Korea for the last fifty years by sub-fields of agricultural geography, industrial geography, commercial and service geography, and transportation geography. Research in Korean economic geography has progressed significantly in terms of the scope and the number of papers published during the last a half a century. Agricultural geography was a leading field of economic geography in Korea before mid-1970s. Since the mid-1970s, however, agricultural geography has turned over the leading role in economic geography to industrial geography. Classification and structure of agricultural region has been the most popular research theme in Korea, even though diverse topics has been dealt in the research of agricultulal geography in Korea during the last fifty years. In recent years, emphasis is given to study on the dynamics of agricultural region and regional differentiation of part-time farming. It is suggested that the future issues of research in agricultural geography in Korea are agricultural restructuring and changes in agricultural space under the WTO system, changes in rural area and agricultural region with the progress of informatization, changes in agricultural structures and rural society by the increase of part-time farming, governments agricultulal policy and its impacts, competitive advantages of Korean agricultulal products, and environmental impacts of agricultural restructuring. Research in industrial geography has remarkably progressed since the 1980s. Locational changes, regional industrial structure and formation of industrial region were the major topics of interest in the research of industrial geography in Korea before 1980. Since the early 1980s, in addition to the topics which were interested in before 1980, changes of industrial organization and industrial location, changes of production systems and industrial space development of high technology industries and science parks, industrial restructuring and regional economy, foreign direct investments, industrial linkages and industrial districts, and industrial policy and regional development have been the major research themes of industrial geography in Korea. Considerable number of papers has been published both in Korean journals and in foreign journals during this period. Considering global changes in the organization of industrial space, future research should be more focused on firms strategy for regaining competitive advantages, local and global perspectives of industry, industry and environmental changes, in addition to the topics which have been dealt in recent years. Research in commercial and service geography and transportation geography was negligible in Korea before the late 1970s. These two sub-fields in economic geography have begun to develop since 1980s. Periodic markets, structure of commercial area, and distribution of products were the major topics of interest in the 1980s in the commercial and service geography in Korea. In the 1990s, however reserch in producer services has been active with growth of producer services in Korean economy. It is suggested that regional changes with progress of informatization and technology, changes of international trade and regional changes, development of efficient distribution system, role of producer services in regional development, and network of producer services are the major issues to be studied in the future in the field of commercial and service geography in Korea. Commuting, distribution of products, and transportation networks have been the major topics of research in transportation geography in Korea. Diverse quantitative techniques have been applied in the most of the researches in transportation geography. It is required that future studies in transportation geography should also focus on societal and behavioral issues, policy issues regional impacts of new transportation facilities, an analysis of transportation system at the global or international level. Since the 1980s economic geography in Korea has considerably progressed with publication of papers and books. The progress can be regarded as successful in quantitative aspect, but not in quantitative aspects. For the development of Korean economic geography in both quantitative and qualitative aspects, it is necessary to promote international collaborative researches and interdisciplinary cooperations. Attention should also be given to the research on changes in competitive advantages and economic restructuring, changes of economic space with the development of high technology and the progress of informatization. economic development and culture. and foreign regional studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to set and analyze the standard model for prioritizing and deciding to take part in housing environment improvement project in the perspective of the public sector. The results of this study were as follows. The location competitiveness, potential demand, marketability and competitive price, etc were selected by assessment indicators. And Various indicators, including of the size of the area, public transportation, accessibility, convenience of living and the influx of the population, were used by weights indexes. The profit of local residents and the public promoter, variability of earnings, sensitivity analysis and the ratio of money in reserve, etc were also established as detailed indexes for the profitability and business risk analysis. To analyze the cash flow of the project process and review the necessary capital in advance, the payback, total working expenses, gearing ratio and sensitivity of a risk, etc were also set as additional detailed indexes. Lastly, considering it is quasi-public projects, the measure to protect tenants, necessity need of redevelopment and local government's will were additionally used by indexes. And Points were distributed on the importance of each index and scored out of 100. It will allow for the public project promoter to decide rationally whether to come in on the project. The public project promoter like the Korea Land and Housing Corporation will be able to make use of various indexes are based on this study to make decision whether joining the housing environment improvement project in depressed region.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.85-96
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• 2009

This study analyzed a characteristic by types of urban regeneration helping the establishment of urban identity under social condition change. It will be foundation of sustainable urban development with strategy that secures world-wide competitive power. For this, sample cases that established identity from urban regeneration were reviewed about the main subject and the supporting subject in business side and hardware, software, system, and finance in design factors. 4samples each in inheritance intensification type and change creation type were selected and analyzed. The result said it is most effective to establish urban identity when inheritance intensification type is the private-centered for urban regeneration. And it is better to do the project that the main subject and the supporting subject are taken by the private or the private-leading partnership. It is necessary to manage the region and plan events with software design factors more than hardware design factors. In addition, for urban identity, it was found to be desirable to utilize and preserve fully current resources such as historical scenery and activate the communities than making new facilities. On the contrary, the project based on change creation type needs to be under the public management with innovative idea. Also, when it comes to design factors, facilities related to culture and art and community spaces should open and run actively. It is important for the region to improve its image by New design style such as TOD. In software side, it is important to manage the region by monitoring about urban regeneration business and solve social mix and employment problem. On the other hand, in terms of system and administration, both types don't show a difference in urban identity establishment, since it is same that both should make partnership and get a support of subsidy to be most effective.