• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

In recent years, the population structure has been changed by the progresses of 6th-industrialization and transportation in farming areas. This study aims to suggest a regional development plan of farming areas in accordance with the demographic changes. Population structure indicators were derived from previous studies and literature review in order to identify the types of farming areas. Demographic indicators separated to depopulation and population growth in farming areas through a standardized scoring method. This research found that the division of economy is not only the most important division in any other regional development divisions but also necessary to develop new sources of non-farm income through traditional culture, natural environment. In the social division, it is necessary to secure the facilities for the formation of a sense of community to multicultural families and existing residents in farming areas. In the environmental division, it is desirable to improve the quality and satisfaction of life for residents such as the sidewalk and park that utilize ecological environment, culture, history for both depopulation and population region. In the physical division, there is a need for improvement of the facilities of basic living infrastructure service such as roads, water supply and sewerage systems. In the institution division, sustainable financial support of the central government policy for farming areas is crucial for the improvement of residential environment in the farming areas of depopulation and population region.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.357-366
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was identify the factors affecting serum vitamin D deficiency in korean women. This study used the data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey and analyzed the demographic characteristics, health related factors and serum vitamin D in women aged 19 and over. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 18.0 program. As a result, vitamin D deficiency rate in Korean women was 81.4%. There were significant differences according to age, marital status, region, type of residence, family income, education level. The risk factors of vitamin D deficiency were age, marital status, region, without walking. According to the results of this study, further studies on the vitamin D deficiency factors by age group should be conducted and the stress relieve and physical activity of women should be promoted to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4115-4121
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death with half a million deaths per year. Incidence and mortality rates have demonstrated notable changes in Asian and African countries during the last few decades. In this study, we first aimed to determine the trend of colorectal cancer mortality rate in each Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) region, and then re-classify them to find more homogenous classes. Materials and Methods: Our study population consisted of 52 countries of Asia and North Africa in six IHME pre-defined regions for both genders and age-standardized groups from 1990 to 2010.We first applied simple growth models for pre-defined IHME regions to estimate the intercepts and slopes of mortality rate trends. Then, we clustered the 52 described countries using the latent growth mixture modeling approach for classifying them based on their colorectal mortality rates over time. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that males and people in high income Asia pacific and East Asia countries were at greater risk of death from colon and rectum cancer. In addition, South Asia region had the lowest rates of mortality due to this cancer. Simple growth modeling showed that majority of IHME regions had decreasing trend in mortality rate of colorectal cancer. However, re-classification these countries based on their mortality trend using the latent growth mixture model resulted in more homogeneous classes according to colorectal mortality trend. Conclusions: In general, our statistical analyses showed that most Asian and North African countries had upward trend in their colorectal cancer mortality. We therefore urge the health policy makers in these countries to evaluate the causes of growing mortality and study the interventional programs of successful countries in managing the consequences of this cancer.

• Survey Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-38
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develop a happiness index for Korean. 16 factors of happiness derived from both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on a nationwide sample of 1503 Korean adults were reclassified into 3 components of Alderfer's need theory. The LISREL was used to measure the weight of each happiness factor. The results showed that happiness index was functioned by a formula(Happiness=2.5*existence+2.5*relationship+5*growth). Applying this formula, the average happiness score for Korean was 57.71. It was also demonstrated that the degree of happiness differed according to individual's gender, region, and income. Men was happier than women, while there was no significant difference among ages. As far as the region concerned, those who live in Seoul and Daejeon were happier than the others. People who earn over 2,500,000 won per month were happier than the others in terms of economic status. Finally, the result of the discriminant function analysis revealed that individual or psychological growth factor was more important than existence and relationship factors. Based on these significant research findings, practical implications and future research directions were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 1993

GSIS is a system that contains spatially referenced data that can be analyzed and converted to information for a specific set of purpose, or application. The key feature of a GSIS is the analysis of data to produce new information. The current emphasis in the transportation is to implement GSIS in conjunction with real time systems Requirements for a transportation GSIS are very different from the traditional GSIS software that has been designed for environmental and natural resource applications. A transportation GSIS may need to include the ability for franc volume, forecasting, pavement management A regional transportation planning model is actually a set of models that are used to inventory and then forecast a region's population, employment, income, housing and the demand of automobile and transit in a region. The data such as adminstration bound, m of landuse, road networks, location of schools, offices with populations are used in this paper. Many of these data are used for analyzing of traffic volume, traffic demand, time of mad construction using GSIS.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The present study has aimed at analyzing the technical and scale efficiencies of credit utilization by the farmer-borrowers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. DEA approach was followed to analyze the credit utilization efficiency and to analyze the factors influencing the credit utilization efficiency, log-linear regression analysis was attempted. DEA analysis revealed that, the number of farmers operating at CRS are more in number in marginal farms (40%) followed by other (35%) and small (17.5%) farms. Regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, small farmers dominate the scenario with 72.5 per cent followed by other (67.5%) and marginal (42.5%) farmers. With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farmers are in majority (52.5%) followed by other (47.5%) and small (25%) farmers. At the pooled level, 26.7 per cent of the farmers are being operated at CRS, 63 per cent at VRS and 32.5 per cent of the farmers are either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Nearly 58, 15 and 28 percents of the farmers in the marginal farms category were found operating in the region of increasing, decreasing and constant returns respectively. Compared to marginal farmers category, there are less number of farmers operating at CRS both in small farmers category (15%) and other farmers category (22.5%). At the pooled level, only 5 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS, majority of the farmers (73%) are operating at IRS and only 22 per cent of the farmers are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of credit. The log-linear regression model fitted to analyze the major determinants of credit utilization (technical) efficiency of farmer-borrowers revealed that, the three variables viz., cost of cultivation and family expenditure (both negatively influencing at 1% significant level) and family income (positively influencing at 1% significant level) are the major determinants of credit utilization efficiency across all the selected farmers categories and at pooled level. The analysis further indicate that, escalation in the cost of cultivation of crop enterprises in the region, rise in family expenditure and prior indebtedness of the farmers are showing adverse influence on the credit utilization efficiency of the farmer-borrowers.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.131-152
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• 2018

This study evaluates the potential by Chines region for entry of Korean logistics companies and retailers. The variables affecting e-commerce business and retail sales concerning the Chinese omni-channel market were extracted from a thorough literature review. Empirical analyses for variables based on 31 regions in China were performed. Results show that e-commerce is affected by disposable income and internet traffic and that retail sales are affected by urban and rural population, GRDP and urbanization. In addition, we performed variance decomposition analysis in order to estimate responses of logistics GDP(transport, storage and communication) and the number of Chinese mobile users. Exogenous shocks to logistics GDP and the number of mobile phone users play a strong role in explaining the forecast error of express service variance over time. Based on our results, we suggest 7 potential regions(Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning and Shandong) as well as managerial implications for entry into China for logistics companies and retailers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2022

Various types of cropping systems have been developed, such as a highly profitable cropping system, and there is a need to develop for each region. Jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)] is widely consumed for tea in which young seedpods are dried, roasted, and boiled in water. Jack bean is rich in histidine and urease that improve allergic rhinitis and they are effective in alleviating inflammation. Thus, young dried and roasted seedpods are very profitable. However, only 'young pods (soft, pre-swelling)' should be used for tea processing according to the 'Food Code' (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Therefore, the pods to be harvested were set based on a length of more than 20 cm and a thickness of less than 2 cm. In the southern region of Korea, onion and garlic are grown as primary crops in winter. Therefore, the possibility of a cropping system linked with Jack bean in summer was studied. Onion and garlic were sown and transplanted on October 25, 2021. Garlic was harvested on May 23,2022, followed by onion on May 31,2022. After that, the jack bean was transplanted on May 31, June 7, June 17, and June 27 to determine the appropriate period for the transplanting. The young seedpods were harvested 100-110 days after the transplant. Compared to the yield of young seedpods, there was no significant difference according to the transplantation period. Given that young seedpods are harvested before planting onion and garlic, 'Onion - Jack bean' and 'Garlic - Jack bean' cropping systems will be advantageous for income improvement.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.118-138
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• 1996

Because of accelerated urbanization public body visiting nursing project that started according as matter of health on urban class in the lower brackets of income was concentrated on Social interests has a unsatisfied points to propel project efficiently from the lack of rating materials. Therefore centering around written contents in documentary literature of citizen health by household in five years from starting year of project to now. visiting frequency by medical manpower was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in aspect of management hereupon. for the sake of giving a basic materials for public health project of this field. This research presents documentary literature of citizen health which become materials is that as one person's charged region of nurse in duty scale. district is Kang-Buck Gu. the object is resident in the lower brackets of income grounded livelihood protection law and who is admitted by the head of organ~chief of health care). and the number of material centering around the head of a household is 415 copy. The result of research is summarized. as follow. 1. Average visiting frequency examinated by medical manpower show difference according to valuables of supervision characteristics namely average visiting. Frequency of nurse has long term residence in case registration season is early and supervision season is the first year and is high incase a kind of house is unlicdnsed mountain town. Average visiting frequency with doctor is high incase supervision season is the first year and the medical insurance system is admitted by chief of health care. That shows that a man of discomfort behavior left alone are yet many in local society. The meaning of this result shows that the continuity of official relation about class in the lowest brackets of income of long term residence goes well between househole who is a user of visiting nursing service of the object according to midway income under management influences a given duty of nurse s and so causes quantitative decrease. 2. In case behavier and condition of health that nurse diagnoses are bad. as the type matter is a lack of health and the number of patient is large. the average visiting frequency of nurse is high. because average visiting frequency with doctor is high as the condition of health is bad and the number of patient is large. That is similar with that of nurse. CD Average visiting frequency of nurse s seen by matter of disease is very high only in apoplexy by 39.50 and is confined within limits from 7.63 to 11.36 in other disease. But average visiting frequency with doctor is double as many as that of nurse but defined in apoplexy hypertension and articulate. (1) Average visiting frequency of nurse by existence in inoculation of hepatitis is low by 6.73 in unidentified group and very high by 26.89 in group of non-inoculation and the case of the antigenic positive man of B type hepatitis or epileptic who can't be inoculated shows 13.00 and that even family nursing service is needed to them. That result shows that though one person nurse of local charge has a large scale of duty. as visting nursing service is given a class who has a large demand preferentially by respectively accurate nursing diagnosis. the number of diagnosis service is similar with it. 3. During five years. average visiting frequency of nurse is 10.84 and average visiting frequency with doctor is 76.50 seeing from the official scale of nurse. visiting by household is performed two more per year to the average. Seeing this by type of service. average visiting frequency of nurse is higher in indirectly nursing than in directly nursing and that suggests that at the time of visiting household nurse performs education of protection lively save patient but at the time of contrastedly visiting with doctor. directly nursing is more contents of service show no difference by man power and medication dressing by demand is 14.3 and 18.6 the aid of hardship term of doctor and nurse is high by 18.7 and 17.00 in the request of hospitalization when seeing by demands. 4. Action by turns exemplified 1994 is well in sequence of 2/4 turn. 3/4 turn. 1/4 turn. 4/4 turn. When seen by average visiting frequency of nurse but gradually is even. Without difference by turns. average visiting frequency of doctor is much higher in 1/4 turn than other turns. Type of service by turns is all even but directly nursing is inactive in 4/4 and indirectly nursing. Very increases in 4/4 and so. Nurse's quantity of duty is plentiful that shows that by evaluation of last turn and plan of project. Contents of service follows that medication and dressing is the highest by' 5.57 in 1/4turn. goes down gradually by turn. becomes 3.57 in 3/4 turn. and increases again by 4.83 in 4/4 turn. the rest service is higher in 2/4 turn than other turns. 5. Total visiting frequency of nurse is explained to total $37.5\%$ by six valuables of visiting frequency of doctor. nursing demand. demand of diagnosis. condition of behavior. year. Special terms and magnitude of influential power is the same as sequence of enumerated valuables. Namely. the higher the visiting frequency of doctor. the bigger nursing and demand of diagnosis is. the worse the condition of behavior is. the older the object is and the more the household of special terms is. the high total visiting frequency of nurse is.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-155
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• 2008

The rate of antibiotics prescription for an acute airway infection significantly varies depending upon the diagnosis type, specialty, and the location of the hospital along with many other related factors. The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the possible relationship between the antibiotics prescription rates for an acute airway infection and the degree of competition in the hospital market regions of mainly the providers of primary medical care services such as clinics, internal medicines, pediatrics and otorhinolaryngology department. Using the data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) regarding the hospitals' antibiotics prescription rates for the acute airway infection and controlling for selected variables of demand and supply sectors, this study tries to figure out that the degree of competition in the hospital market, regardless of what type of competition indexes we employed, has a statistically significant effect on the variations of antibiotics prescription rate of the clinics in local areas. This result implies that as an economic consideration itself, the change in the degree of competition in the hospital market can play a crucial role influencing the treatment behaviors of the medical doctors. More specifically, this study reveals that as the degree of competition increases the antibiotics prescription rate goes up. This result means that if the market becomes more competitive in a specific region so that it might cause a reduction in doctor's income, doctors with rational decision-making process, recognize that the benefit created from inducing patients' seemingly unnecessary demand for medical care (income effect) would be higher than the costs associated with sustaining their targeted income (substitution effect). It is because that the doctors are more likely to prescribe antibiotics which create relatively higher margins than other medical care services in order to sustain their targeted income when the hospital market competition becomes tighter. Even though this study empirically confirms that antibiotics prescription can be affected by the economic incentives, it still raises following issues as limitations of the study: first issue is about the representativeness of the hospital regions segregated for this study, which might be weak in explaining whether these regions are mutually exclusive in reality. Patients actually consider the quality of services, transportation cost, time costs, and any other related factors choosing the doctors or hospitals, and in that sense, this study rules out 'border-crossing' in using the medical care services. Second issue arises in capturing the data of antibiotics prescription rate. Since we use the average rate for each medical institution, we cannot figure out the average rate for each patient so that we are not able to control for the variation of patients' medical conditions. It is because of the unavailability of data regarding each patient's medical condition from HIRA. Thirdly, since this study mainly analyzes the medical institutions providing primary care such as clinics, internal medicines, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology department, it is skeptical of whether those institutions can represent the hospital market in respective regions and truly reflect the degree of competition. It needs to extend the study areas and disease types as well as any micro data for future studies.