• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 1993

To investigate the alteration of transferrin receptor (TfR) in the proliferating or transformed liver cells, $^{125}I-transferrin$ binding experiment was carried out in the isolated parenchymal cells (PC) or nonparenchymal cells (NPC) from normal regenerated rat liver after partial hepatectomy and from the liver of 3-methyl-4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (3-Me-DAB) treated rat. With the administration of 3-Me-DAB for 8 weeks, the liver tissue showed marked morphologic changes of oval cell proliferation, regenerations of hepatocytes, and atypical proliferations of bile ducts, but these changes were little affected by partial hepatectomy. Transferrin binding values in PC or NPC homogenate from the regenerated liver of normal rat, were increased by 3rd day and diminished to control level at 7th day after partial hepatectomy. With the treatement of 3-Me-DAB for 8 weeks, transferrin binding sites in homogenates were higher than those of normal rat liver and increased by 7th day after partial hepatectomy. Transferrin binding sites (Bmax) in the cell membrane of NPC were higher than those of PC of normal rat liver, but there was no significant difference in Kd values between both groups (5.05, 6.3 nM). In the normal resenerated rat liver, transferrin binding sites in the PC or NPC plasma membrane, were increased by 3rd day and diminished to control level at 7th day after partial hepatectomy. With 3-Me-DAB tratment, transferrin binding sites in both liver NPC and PC plasma membrane were increased about 3 folds, compared to those in each plasma membrane of normal rat liver. And after partial hepatectomy of 3-Me-DAB trated rat, transferrin binding sites were increased by the 3rd day in the NPC plasma membrane but increased by the 7th day in the PC plasma membrane. In the transferrin binding sites of the PC or NPC plasma membrane of 3-Me-DAB treated liver, two kinds of Kd values $(3.1{\sim}4.7\;nM,\;25.4{\sim}54.1\;nM)$ were detected. The present results suggest that 1) TfRs are distributed in the liver PC as well as NPC; 2) Increased TfRs in PC or NPC plasma membrane of normal regenerated liver after partial hepatectomy and 3-Me-DAB treated rat liver, may be due to increased intracellular synthesis; 3) Increased TfRs in normal regenerated liver after partial hepatectomy might be related to the expression of a single type of high affinity site $(Kd,\;3.1{\sim}7.5\;nM)$, but in 3-Me-DAB treated rat liver might be related to the expression of high and low affinity types of receptors $(Kd,\;25.4{\sim}54.1\;nm)$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1014-1026
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• 2006

Liver cirrhosis is a liverdisease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. Liver cirrhosis is regarded as a serious health problem with high prevalence in the world as well as in Korea. Liver cirrhosis is an irreversible disease. However, in cases of liver cirrhosis induced by chronic hepatitis B, we should treat the chronic hepatitis B, because it frequently progresses to cirrhosis and hepatoma. We observedimprovements of symptoms and laboratory tests with herb medicine Injinchunggan-tang (茵蔯淸肝湯) in five cases ofliver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B. The serum aminotransferase was preserved within normal value levels for a long time, 3 years to 7 years. However, further study is necessary to determine the effect of herb medicine on liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2001

Recently hepatocyte-based bioartificial liver (BAL) and hepatocyte transplantation have been actively investigated to treat acute hepatic failure. The BAL acts as a bridge to provide patients with more time until a donor organ becomes available for transplantation or until their own liver can be regenerated. In this study, we manufactured a polyurethane foam (PUF) using 15% NCO-prepolymer with a pore opening that allows it to be used as a hepatocyte immobilizing material. Cubes of PUF (3 mm dim.) were seeded with rat primary hepatocytes at a density of 5.5$\pm$1.1$\times$ $10^6$ cells/$cm^3$ PUF by centrifuging them together. The cell laden PUF cubes were packed into a prototype reactor and perfused with a hormonally defined medium for a week. Hepatocytes in the pores of the PUF formed spheroids that showed stable ammonia removal and urea synthesis activities. The albumin production level was comparable to other BAL systems. The PUF packed hepatocyte bioreactor has the potential to be used as a BAL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 1984

The effects of branched chain amino acids added to a diet on changes in the body weight with or without liver, moist and dry liver weight, protein, DNA, $^3H-thymidine$ incorporation into DNA, ana mitotic index of regenerating liver were studied in partial hepatectomized rat. Experimental diet was a 14.63% casein diet supplemented with 1.49% L-leucine, 0.90% L-isoleucine and 0.98% L-Valine, and control diet was an 18.0% casein. In both diets, 2.54% nitrogen were included. Rats fed experimental diet were significantly increased body weight with or without liver 7 days, and regenerated weight of dry liver and an index of liver regeneration 5 days after partial hepatectomy. Mitotic index, contents of protein and DNA increased in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy was higher in experimental diet group. This results suggest that branched chain amino acids have an benefitial effect on whole body as well as liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor, induces toxicity in cells and in experimental animals. Ginseng extracts were evaluated to determine whether they can inhibit BPA-induced toxicity. The antioxidant activity of fresh ginseng extract (WGE), dried white ginseng extract (DGE), and dried red ginseng extract (RGE) was measured using the DPPH assay. WGE and RGE increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Cell viability was measured in HepG2 cells following treatment with BPA and ginseng extracts using the MTT assay. DGE and RGE increased HepG2 cell viability following treatment with $200{\mu}M$ BPA. RGE reduced levels of biochemical markers of liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) that increased in mice following treatment with BPA. In addition, the regeneration and proliferation of damaged liver cells were significantly increased in RGE-treated mice. Moreover, RGE inhibited hepatic fibrosis in the surrounding area and in the central vein of the liver microstructure. RGE also significantly inhibited BPA-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, RGE protected liver damage and regenerated liver tissues in BPA-treated animals. These results show that RGE may represent a potential candidate drug for the treatment and prevention of liver damage caused by environmental toxins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1989

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine and vitamin E on the lipid composition of serum and liver in cholesterol-fed rats. Thirty-five male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about $120{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into 5 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks. i.e. basal diet (Basal group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol (Basal+Chol. group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 0.25% caffeine (CF group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 400ppm vitamin E (VE group), and basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and caffeine plus vitamin E (CF+VE group). Net weight gain was significantly depressed only by caffeine supplementation. Serum total lipid was significantly decreased in VE and CF+VE groups. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were slightly increased by caffeine supplementation, whereas triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased in CF, VE and CF+VE group. Contents of crude lipid and TG in liver were significantly reduced by supplementation of vitamin E. No differences in liver cholesterol were found among experimental groups. Histologically, Basal+Chol. group showed a spotty necrosis, including a profuse fine microvaculoar lipid accumnlation. CF group exhibited a mild inflammatory infiltration, as well as macro- and microvacuolar lipid accumulation. But those were regenerated by supplementation of vitamin E.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 1992

An anion-charged membrane was used for selective retention of coenzyme NAD(H) in reactor without any chemical modification. The membrane could reject permeation of NAD (H) (80.9%) but not reject permeation of product. The retention ratio was enhanced in the presence of albumin and Tris-maleate buffer. A bioreactor equipped with a membrane, NTR 7410 was constructed and used in the repeated batch production of sorbitol. NADH-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase from sheep liver was used for the production of sorbitol from fructose. The coenzyme oxidized was regenerated with alcohol dehydrogenase. 47g/L sorbitol was produced for 198 hr with a substrate conversion ratio of 70%. The retention ratio was almost maintained throughout the entire reaction.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.233-236
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• 2006

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is the most often used intravenous protein in many human therapies. However, HSA is currently extracted only from plasma because commercially feasible recombinant expression systems are not available. This study attempted to develop an efficient system for recombinant HSA production by chloroplast transformation of tobacco. A HSA cDNA was isolated from a cDNA library constructed with human liver tissue. Chloroplast transformation vectors were constructed by introducing various regulatory elements to HSA regulatory sequences. Vectors were delivered by particle bombardment into leaf explants and chloroplast-transformed plants were subsequently regenerated into whole plants. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the HSA cDNA was incorporated between rps12 and orf70B of the chloroplast genome as designed. Western blot analysis revealed that hyper-expression and increasing the stability of HSA were achieved by modification of the regulatory sequences using the psbA5'UTRs in combination with elements of the 14 N-terminal amino acids of the GFP and the FLAG tag. However, only plants transformed with the vector containing all of these elements were able to accumulate HSA.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis (SC) in menopausal mice. Methods: To induce menopausal obesity, female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat, 28% carbohydrates, 14% protein) for 12 weeks. The mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 8): NOR (sham-operated and vehicle-treated), HFD+OVX (vehicle-treated), E2 (17-beta estradiol 50 ㎍/kg-treated), SC1 (1 mg/kg SC-treated), SC10 (10 mg/kg SC-treated), and SC100 (100 mg/kg SC-treated). Samples were orally administered for 6 weeks, after which all experimental mice were sacrificed. Body weight, feeding efficiency, white adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, and fat vacuoles in liver were analyzed. Results: By treating with SC extract, the body weight and feeding efficiency of mice were significantly decreased. The weight of visceral fat tissues was decreased in the SC10 and SC100 groups. Histopathology showed that fat cell diameters of white adipose tissue were also decreased in the SC10 and SC100 groups. Additionally, SC extract regenerated the hepatocyte damage and decreased the size and number of follicular adipocytes Conclusion: In summary, these results suggest that SC has inhibitory effects against menopausal obesity. Schizandra chinensis may be a potential alternative for obesity among female menopausal diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.105-114
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of korean ginseng on the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) in the liver cell membrane, we had carried out the experiments of $[^{3}H]thymidine$ uptake, $^{125}I-transferrin$ binding, and TfR mRNA expression in the liver after partial hepatectomy of normal and 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoa-zobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) treated rat with or without treatment of korean gingseng. $[^3H]thymidine$ uptake was not changed in the liver of 3'-Me-DAB or ginseng treated rat compared to that of control rat, but increased in that of partial hepatectomy of normal or 3'-Me-DAB treated rat. And this increased $[^{3}H]thymidine$ uptake was lowered slightly by the treatment of ginseng. Transferrin binding sites in the liver plasma membrane of ginseng treated rat with or without partial hepatectomy were similar, but increased in that of 3'-Me-DAB treated rat with or without partial hepatectomy compared to those of each control rat and these increased binding sites were reduced by ginseng treatment. Transferrin binding affinity (l/kd) was not changed by ginseng treatment, but tended to decrease in the liver of 3'-Me-DAB treated rat or in those after partial hepatectomy of all groups and reverse by ginseng treatment in 3'-Me-DAB treated rat. The expression of TfR mRNA was increased in the liver of 3'-Me-DAB treated rat with partial hepatectomy (peak at 24 hours), but lowered by ginseng treatment in this rat. From these results, it is suggested that korean ginseng has no effect on the increased expression of TfR with decreased affinity in the cell membrane of regenerated liver after partial hepatectomy of rat, but could inhibt that of 3'-Me-DAB treated rat through the regulation of DNA synthesis or TfR mRNA in partial.