• 한국수학사학회지
• /
• 제26권5_6호
• /
• pp.389-400
• /
• 2013

The article makes a discussion to conceptualize a histo-genetic principle in the real historical view point. The classical histo-genetic principle appeared in 19th century was founded by the recapitulation law suggested by biologist Haeckel, but recently it was shown that the theory on it is no longer true. To establish the alternative rationale, several metaphoric characterizations from the history of mathematics are suggested: among them, problem solving, transition of conceptual knowledge to procedural knowledge, generalization, abstraction, circulation from phenomenon to substance, encapsulation to algebraic representation, change of epistemological view, formation of algorithm, conjecture-proof-refutation, swing between theory and application, and so on.

• 기술사
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2001

Due to the rapid increase of automobiles and daily driving distances, air pollution by automobiles is still dominant problem of large city in spite of strict emission refutation and development of reduction technologies. Among the air pollution resources of automobile , industry. electricity generation and heating. automobile keeps 51% of total nationwide air pollution in 1998 and this proportion Is increasing in large cities from 65% to 85%. To reduce these air pollution. catalytic converter and electronic engine control, exhaust gas re-circulation and evaporative emission control system have continuously developed and applied to automobiles since 1987. Also strong emission standards and emission durability warranty have enforced and monitored annually by sampling several vehicle models. But technologies and regulations are incomplete, driver should participate in reducing air pollution for himself by planning driving, avoiding unnecessary idle and air conditioning, keeping periodic maintenance and using mass transportation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2010

Background : The Bonghan theory is a hypothesis on the anatomical structure of the acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system, or as a made-up story, for the past 40 years. Since 2002, Many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out the validity of the refutation by reviewing the publications. Methods : Searches were made from online databases (Riss4u.net, Google.com, Sciencedirect.com, Pubmed.com, baidu.com, and ci.nii.ac.jp) from 1960 to 2009. The search terms that were used were "Bonghan," "Bong han," "봉한," "thread-like structure," "KИM БOH XaHOM", "CИCTEMA KEHPAK," "鳳漢," "鳳漢管," and "鳳漢学說." References from the searched publications were also used. Results : Since the 1960s, 107 publications were identified as related works, but only 11 publications sought to refute the Bonghan theory. Two publications were researches, and nine were reviews. In the analysis of the correlation of the arguments with the publication contents, it was found that the research of G. Kellner reviewed the Bonghan system properly but that V. V. Kosmatov did not classify the ear-reflex zone as a traditional acupuncture point. For the review publications, only two reviews contained proper arguments, but seven publications were identified as broad interpretations, wrong translations, etc. Moreover, the two proper reviews were grounded on the research of G. Kellner. Conclusions : We found that the scientific origin of the refutation of the Bonghan theory is only one research by G. Kellner. This result suggest that Bonghan theory was not discussed enough to determine the invention.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.113-136
• /
• 2011

기업이 소비자들의 안전에 위험을 미치는 제품을 판매함으로써 발생하는 '제품위험 위기(product-harm crisis)'는 신문이나 방송 등에서 즉각적으로 보도되기 때문에, 소비자들은 이를 매우 심각한 사건으로 받아들이게 된다. 이로 인하여 소비자들은 해당 기업 및 제품에 대하여 부정적인 태도를 형성하고, 나아가 낮은 구매의도 경향을 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 부정적 언론보도에 대한 기업의 대응방식과 대응시점이 매출액(<연구 1>), 나아가 소비자 반응(<연구 2>)에 미치는 효과를 실증적으로 고찰하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 부정적 언론정보에 노출된 제품의 경우, 이러한 부정적 영향이 다른 제품군에도 전이되는 것으로 나타났다(<연구 1>). 또한, 부정적 언론정보에 노출된 제품의 경우, 반박보도(변명보도; <연구 2>)보다는 개선보도를 내는 것이 제품평가, 기업평가, 나아가 매출액 회복에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 대응방식과 대응시점의 상호작용결과에 의하면, 개선보도는 대응시점이 빠른 경우보다 느린 경우에 제품 및 기업평가가 더 높게 나타났으며, 반박보도(변명보도; <연구 2>)의 경우는 느린 경우보다 빠른 경우 더 높게 나타났다. 다시 말해, 부정적 언론정보에 대한 대응시점이 빠른 경우에는 반박보도(변명보도; <연구 2>)와 개선보도 간의 제품평가, 기업평가 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 부정적 언론정보에 대한 대응시점이 느린 경우에는 반박보도(변명보도; <연구 2>) 보다는 개선보도가 제품평가, 기업평가에 있어 더 긍정적인 평가를 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
• /
• 제59권5호
• /
• pp.180-201
• /
• 2009

I scrutinized the idea that Parhae Marek was inherited from Kokuryo which was presented in "The study on the Marek" published in the journal of the Korean Society of Costume 55-5, and concluded the following results: 1. The Marek which Samguk sagi recorded is the red head scarf used for dancers who do Koguryo dance in the Babarian Music System in Tang dynasty. Since its original record Tong dian tells that Kokuryo performers' costumes then had strikingly changed and Quichi and GaoChang dancers also wore Marek, so the idea that Marek was originated from Koguryo should be reconsidered. 2. Considering the Yaksoori mural's indistinguishable condition as well as the same scenes from other Kokuryo mural paintings, I can't evidently tell that the first person who carries shouldering drum puts Marek on. 3. should be pronounced [Mal] for the meaning of a head scarf and its definition can't be limited only for the sash type. 4. Diverse historical data on head scarves deny the assumption that the sash type of hairband would have been succeeded from Kokuryo to the Parhae Marek. 5. The Marek of Princess Junghyo's mural painting can be an example that shows the costume of Tang influenced Parhae's. But the similarity in styles of costume between contemporary countries doesn't mean their reciprocal racial or political identity.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2006

On the refutation demanded for a control of various toxic substances. PCBs(poly chlorinated biphenyl) has a fatal poisonous matter in the ecosystem and the environmental pollution as it Is a kind of stable chemical substance. Especially, the gross Product of PCBs is estimated at about one million tonnage all over the world. However it is kept on storing in untreated state, then has a deterioration by the Prolonged storage and a risk of overflowing. Therefore, this research examined the fundamental characteristics of combustion and emission for the target of using the IPA (iso-propyl alcohol) solution as a part of PCBs control. IPA was filled to three kinds of Vessel, i.e. Vessel I, II, and III, and then was investigated as follows combustion shape, flame temperature. mass burning velocity, and PM(Particulate matter). A radial thermometer and a C-A thermocouple measured the flame temperature, and the optical extinction method by using He-Ne laser and the filter weight method used in the PM measurement. As a result, with an increasing of L/S ratio, the flame length become shorter and the burning velocity is more rapid, but the particulate matters is higher. It is supposed that the air flow rate is high on Vessel. and then the combustion is Promoted in the surface area of the upstream zone. The future works plan to investigate the characteristics with an using of the mixing of IPA and PCBs

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.784-804
• /
• 2015

This study investigates the effects of a two-sided message on product attitude and purchase intention by using a message structure variable, such as attribute importance in the context of online consumer reviews (OCRs). Study 1 explains the previous inconsistent results of a two-side message by comparing a one-side message and a two-side message by using the attribute importance in negative reviews. Study 2 determines the reasons for the inconsistent results of a refutational two-sided message research by using the attribute importance in negative reviews and website trust. Two experiments are designed to test our hypotheses. The first experiment is a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with 84 participants. The second experiment uses a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial design with 196 participants. In study 1, two-sided OCRs are more credible than one-sided OCRs, and two-sided OCRs that use low important attributes are more effective in making favorable product attitude/purchase intention. In study 2, refutational two-sided OCRs that use high attribute importance render positive effects on product attitudes in trustworthy websites. However, the refutation could negatively affect product attitude/purchase intention in low trustworthy websites.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.56-78
• /
• 2020

Changes in our lives due to Artificial Intelligence (AI) are currently ongoing, and there is little refutation of the effectiveness of AI. However, there have been active discussions to minimize the side effects of AI and use it responsibly, and publishing the AI Charter of Ethics (AICE) is one result of it. This study examines how our society is responding to threats from AI that may emerge in the future by examining various AIECs in the Republic of Korea. First, we summarize seven AI threats and classify these into three categories: AI's value judgment, malicious use of AI, and human alienation. Second, from Korea's seven AICEs, we draw fourteen topics based on three categories: protection of social values, AI control, and fostering digital citizenship. Finally, we review them based on the seven AI threats to evaluate any gaps between the threats and our responses. The analysis indicates that Korea has not yet been able to properly respond to the threat of AI's usurpation of human occupations (jobs). In addition, although Korea's AICEs present appropriate responses to lethal AI weapons, these provisions will be difficult to realize because the competition for AI weapons among military powers is intensifying.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.213-229
• /
• 2005

Cost overrun or schedule delay of the software development project happens frequently despite that software developers continue to make every effort for the effective management of the projects. Previous researches have ascertained that these problems are ascribed to the uncertainty of projects and the improper management of the projects. The purposes of this research are to investigate the impacts of user participation and task interdependence on the performance of the projects and also to find out the appropriate project management method to improve the project performance. Even though the model fitness of the path model is proved to be very high, the verification of the hypotheses showed a variety of results including the four verifications and the one refutation of the hypotheses as well as the suggestion of one alternative hypothesis. The contribution of this research is that the integration model is proposed and verified, comprising the relationship among the user participation, the task interdependence, and the performance of software development projects. A project manager can utilize the implication of this research for an effective management of software development project.

• 산학경영연구
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.183-210
• /
• 1990

In this study traditional depreciation method has been analysed carefully and then compared with the depreciation on current cost basis for the purpose of reviewing the basic theory underlying depreciation on current cost basis in view of the current situation demanding new method of depreciation. In this treatise the inevitability of rejecting the basic theory of depreciation and traditional depreciation method has been treated. Furthermore the probable consequence when such refutation of traditional depreciation occurs is studied. How to resolve such problems and what is the basis for claiming for depreciation on current cost basis have been also analysed. Through this analysis and research the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. For the purpose of complete recovery of invested capital depreciation on current cost basis is demanded. 2. For the purpose of undertaking realistic profit computation and accounting to apply to comparison and analysis of business operation depreciation on current cost basis is required. 3. When the feasibility of depreciation on current cost basis is guaranteed' then depreciation on current cost basis can be promoted. 4. Depreciation on current cost basis should be studied from the standpoint of evaluation position.