• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2006

The reformed bio-diesel fuel irradiated by the ultrasonic wave is applied to the diesel engine of common rail in common use recently. This study has the object to examine the properties of engine performance and discharged materials. The bio-diesel fuel is mixed and used with the diesel fuel in common use at the ratio of $20\%\;or\; 100\%$. The ultrasonic energy is irradiated to the individually mixed fuel in order to reform the fuel. This fuel is applied to the engine in this experiment. And It is compared and analyzed from the experimental results with two cases irradiating the ultrasonic wave and no irradiating.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.192-196
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• 2008

The generation of high purity hydrogen from reformed hydrocarbon fuels, or syngas, is essential for efficient operation of the fuel cell (PEMFC, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell). Usually, major components of reformed gas are $H_2$, CO, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. Especially a major component, CO poisons the electrode of fuel cells. The water gas shifter (WGS) that shifts CO to $CO_2$ and simultaneously produces $H_2$, was developed to a two stage catalytic conversion process involving a high temperature shifter (HTS) and a low temperature shifter (LTS). Also, experiments were carried out to reduce the carbon monoxide up to $3{\sim}4%$ in the HTS and lower than 5,000 ppm via the LTS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Hydrogen can extend the lean misfire limit to a large extent when it is mixed with conventional fuels for an internal combustion engine. This study is about fuel reforming to produce hydrogen enriched gas as a fuel for engine. Especially gasoline, which consists of numerous hydrocarbon fuels, considered as source of reformed gas. Various hydrocarbons, including commercial fuel were reformed and potentialities of reformed gas on vehicles were accessed. The reforming efficiency and hydrogen yield were observed. Maximum hydrogen yield were found with different gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) and O2/C ratio of reforming conditions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07b
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• pp.857-859
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• 1992

The molten carbonate fuel cell is a new method for generating power which uses coal gasification gas and reformed liquid natural gas for fuel at very high efficiency and with minimal pollution. The purpose of this research is to investigate principle, properties and research status of internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.103-108
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• 2004

The present paper relates to an apparatus in which all carbonaceous material such as coal, oil, plastics and any substance having carbon atoms as part of its constituents are reformed(gasified) into syngas at temperature above $1,200^{\circ}C$(KR patent No.0391121, and PCT/KR2001/01717 and PCT/KR2004/001020). It comprises a single-stage reforming reactor without catalyst and a syngas burner as shown in Fig.2. syngas is combusted with $O_2$ gas in the syngas bunter to produce $M_2O$ and $CO_2$ gas with exothermic heat. Reaction products are introduced into the reforming reactor, reaction heat from syngas burner elevate the temperature of reactor above $1,200^{\circ}C$, and reaction products reduce carbonaceous material down to CO and $H_2$ gases. Reactants and heat necessary for the reaction are provided through the syngas burner only, Neither $O_2$ gas nor steam are injected into the reforming reactor. Reformer is made of ceramic inner lining and sst outer casing. Multiple syngas burners may be connected to the reforming reactor in order to increase the syngas output, and a portion of the product syngas is recycled into syngas burner. The present reformer as shown in Fig.2 is suitable to gasify carbonaceous wastes without secondary pollutants formed from oxidation. Further, it can be miniaturized to accompany a fuel cell system as shown in Fig.3 The output syngas may be used to drive a fuel cell and a portion of electrical power generated in a fuel cell is used to heat a compact reformer up to $1,200^{\circ}C$ so that gas/liquid fossil fuel can efficiently reformed into syngas. The fuel cell serves as syngas burner in Fig.2. The reformation reaction is sustained through recycling a portion of product syngas into a fuel cell and using a portion of electric power generated to heat the reformer for continuous operation. Such reforming reactor may be miniaturized into a size of PC, then you have a Personal Reformer(PR).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.602-608
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• 2014

Hydrogen energy, a field of low-carbon substitute energy, can be produced by fossile fuel reforming and electrolysis of water etc. We developed 1kW class flat type reformer for PEM Fuel Cells. The PEMFC is highly sensitive to carbon monoxide because CO has detrimental effects on the performance of the fuel cell. Thus, reformed gas supplied to Fuel cell system, which maintained CO concentration below 10ppm. After applying optimum drive condition, reformed gas was measured with gas chromatography and could find out about each experimental condition of $H_2$ and CO concentration. As a results, The 1kW class plate type hydrogen generation system's optimum condition is A/F ratio ${\alpha}=1.3$, STR temperature 1023K, S/C ratio 3, and $PrOx1{\cdot}2$ 30cc/min. It turns out that installation of PrOx 2 stage is more efficient for reducing CO concentration.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.245-251
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• 2005

Recently, fuel reforming technology for the fuel cell vehicle has been applied to internal combustion engines, with various purpose. Syngas which is reformed from fossil fuel has hydrogen as a major component. It has better effort in combustion characteristics such as wide flammability and hig speed flame propagation. In this study, syngas was added to a gasoline engine for the improvement of combustion stability and exhaust emission in idle state. Combustion stability, exhaust emissions, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature were measured to investigate the effects of syngas addition on idle performance. Results showed that syngas has ability to extend lean operation limit and ignition retard range. with dramatical reduction of engine out emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.14-21
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• 2006

In this study, syngas which is reformed from fossil fuel and has hydrogen as a major component, was added to a gasoline engine to improve combustion stability and exhaust emissions of idle state. Syngas fraction of the total supplied fuel varied to 0 %, 25 %, 50 % with various ignition timing and excess air ratio. Combustion stability, exhaust emissions, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature were measured to investigate the effects of syngas addition on idle performance. Results showed that syngas has ability to widely extend lean operation limit and ignition retard range with dramatical reduction of engine out emissions. It is supposed that the usage of syngas in the internal combustion engine is an effective solution to meet the future strict emission regulations.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.569-579
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• 1994

A 5.9kW phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC) power generation system that consists of a reformer, a stack, heat exchangers, an automatic data acquisition and control system was designed, fabricated and analyzed. This system which was firstly fabricated in Korea has been operated for 140 hours with an electricity generation of 684kWh. The PAFC generate electricity in the range of 38-52V and 50-160A and has a typical I-V characteristics of a fuel cell. Using the reformed fuel, the system performance is decreased in some degree due to CO content, compared to using the simulated fuel. At steady state operation condition, the total efficency of this system was 45.2%.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.731-734
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• 2009

KIER has been developed a compact and highly efficient fuel processor which is one of the key component of the residential PEM fuel cells system. The fuel processor uses methane steam reforming to convert natural gas to a mixture of water, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and unreacted methane. Then carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide in water-gas-shift reactor and preferential oxidation reactor. A start-up time of the fuel processor is about 1h and CO concentration among the final product is maintained less than 5 vol. ppm. To achieve high thermal efficiency of 80% on a LHV basis, an optimal thermal network was designed. Internal heat exchange of the fuel processor is so efficient that the temperature of the reformed gas and the flue gas at the exit of the fuel processor remains less than $100^{\circ}C$. A compact design considering a mixing and distribution of the feed was applied to reduce the reactor volume. The current volume of the fuel processor is 17L with insulation.