• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2006

Bluetooth is reputed as a wireless networking technology supplying ad-hoc networks between digital devices. In particular, Bluetooth scatternet is an essential part of dynamic ad-hoc networks. Yet, there have not been sufficient researches performed on scatternet environment. This paper proposes a scatternet reformation algorithm for ad-hoc networks for instances where some nodes enter or leave the scatternet. The proposed algorithm is a general algorithm that can be applied to many types of Bluetooth scatternet regardless of the topology. The proposed algorithm is made for two reformation cases, i.e., nodes leaving and nodes entering. For the reformation when nodes leave a scatternet, the recovery node vector (RNV) algorithm is proposed. It has short reformation setup delay because the process involves a single page process (not including inquiry process). For the reformation when nodes enter a scatternet, the entry node algorithm is proposed. This is a simple and easily implementable algorithm. In this paper, real hardware experiments are carried out to evaluate the algorithm's performance where the reformation setup delay, the reformation setup probability and the data transfer rate are measured. The proposed algorithm has shown improvement in the reformation setup delay and probability.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.110-122
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• 2005

Bluetooth has been reputed as a wireless networking technology supplying ad-hoc networks between digital devices. In particular, bluetooth scatternet is a most essential part for dynamic ad-hoc networks. But past researches on bluetooth scatternet has hardly treated dynamic scatternet environment. In this paper, we proposed a scatternet reformation algorithm for the case that some nodes escape from the scatternet. The proposed algorithm is a general algorithm which can be applied to many types of bluetooth scatternet regardless of the topology. The proposed algorithm has short reformation time delay because the process has only page process (not including inquiry process ). The algorithm is operated based on Recovery Node Vector which is composed of Recovery Master and Recovery Slave. In this paper, we performed the real hardware experiments for evaluating the performance of the proposed algorithm. In that experiments, we measured the reformation time and reformation probability. In comparison with the case including inquiry process, the proposed algorithm had the improvement in reformation time delay and we obtained high success rate over 97%.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2018

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation process that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, more studies have focused on the late stages of autophagy. Our group discovered and studied the terminal step of autophagy, namely autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR). ALR is the process that regenerates functional lysosomes from autolysosomes, thus maintaining lysosome homeostasis. ALR involves clathrin-mediated membrane budding from autolysosomes, elongation of membrane tubules along microtubules with the pulling force provided by the motor protein KIF5B, proto-lysosome scission by dynamin 2, and finally maturation of proto-lysosomes to functional lysosomes. In this review, we will summarize progress in unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying ALR and its potential pathophysiological roles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2017

In this article, a 20 kHz Titanium (Ti) ultrasonic waveguide system for a nano-surface reformation process was designed and fabricated. First, finite element analysis using ANSYS software was performed to find the optimal dimensions. The obtained anti-resonance frequency for the Ti transducer with the piezoelectric device was 20.0 kHz, which value agreed well with the experiment result of 20.1 kHz (0.5% error). To test the system, chromium molybdenum steel (SCM) 435 was chosen as a test-piece. The result proved that the reformed depth was $36{\mu}m$. In addition, hardness was measured before and after the process. The value was changed from 14 HRC to 21 HRC, which is 50% increasing rate. Finally, the friction coefficient test result showed that the surface coefficient was reduced from 0.14 to 0.10 (28.6% reduction). Based on the results, the Ti ultrasonic equipment is regarded as a useful device for nano-scale surface reformation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the Rural Settlement Development(RSD) driven by government in historical view, and its effects on the facilities and houses of rural village in the country. Through the study, we have come to the results that the major concerns of the RSD projects since 1950s has been transferred to as following. First, the reformation of inter-facility; dressing room, kitchen, bath-house, etc of rural houses, from that of outer facility; roof, fence and etc. Secondly, the substantial objects of the projects of village settlement improvement have been changed from partial reformation of individual houses, public facilities, etc early, to comprehensive reformation by master plan for village settlement recently. Lastly, those have been established that the process of planning village settlement available to carry out landuse division and the various program for village improvement, based on its inherent circumstances.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.436-449
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the Reformation Calvin undertook in Geneva and see what efficient functions Christianity can afford to reveal its value in urban settings today. Calvin's Reformation provided a clear place and role for the Church in the public domain. In addition, Calvin's process of religious reform has always been followed by interest and welfare practices for the socially disadvantaged, such as the poor and women. In this understanding, the study presented the following applications that modern churches can practice in urban settings today: First, the church should be able to clearly understand the diversity, liquidity, and dynamics of the urban environment and make changes through various situational applications supported by the Bible. Second, the church's missional approach should shift from a believing-belonging process to a sense of belonging-believing. Third, the transition from a familiar traditional church to a new social reality is necessary, and efforts are needed to clearly understand the interests and atmosphere of community communities and keep pace with them. And finally, modern churches need to maintain new ecological sensitivity than ever before.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.642-657
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• 2017

The Protestant Reformation that erupted 500 years ago has influenced all aspects of society and have become a crucial stepping stone to modern times from the Middle Ages. The purpose of this study was to show the reformational characteristics of the social welfare revealed in the process of the Reformation in the 16th century and how they apply to the Modern Christianity, especially from the view of the missional church. Therefore, in the main body, the two doctrines of Justification by Faith only and the Priesthood of All Believers were based on the Luther's Reformation were examined. A researcher confirmed that his Reformational characteristics concerned about second-class citizens and disadvantaged such as the weak faith, women, and the social situations were considered all the time in his Reformation. There were three characteristics of Luther's social welfare reforms: relief activities, education businesses, and economic policies. In addition, a researcher discussed some suggestions that the missional church can apply to its ministry for creating a healthier community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.123-143
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• 1995

Clothing as one of elements of culture has been interwoven with cultural diffusion, and accompanied the most visible change. In this paper, it was focused that the process and the characteristics of western clothing adop-tion of Korea from 1876 to 1945 corelating with cultural diffusion theory. They were analyzed through the change of clothing reformation system by government, school uniform, and social phenomenon. The finding of this paper were as followings; 1. The process of western clothing adoption was forcibly demanded by Japan, therefore influenced by Japan. 2. The clothing reformation which was forced to accept western style was confronted by complex of cultural, psychological and economical resistance. 3. The fashion leaders of this period were Korean students studying abroad, diplomatic officials, members of the armed forces, government officials, students of western educational systemed school, and lady of evangelist. 4. Man adopted western clothing earlier than woman. 5. Western clothing adoption was took precedence in case of formal wear, diplomatic official's attire, military uniform, and school uniform. 6. In this process, we can find 'transculturation' by Malinowski and 'reinter-pretation' by Herskovits. 7. This process was a kind of 'reorientaion'. 8. The change of clothing which was affected by the tradition, for example, robe for the ancestral rites was evolutionary than others. 9. Clothing elements based on mental or internal characteristics like which clothing was hardly changed by compulsion or extortion. 10. The external trends of clothing change during this period were simplicity, utility, and decrease of status symbols.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.379-409
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• 2007

Korea's energy sector was one of policy sectors that exhibited the classical bureaucratic governance of an administrative state. Under the regime, government monopolized the policy-making process and controled the market and the civil society. It not only provided energy goods and services directly through public enterprises but also dominated the market activities through public regulations. However, during 1993~2002, stringent reformation efforts were made to transform the governance regime from the past bureaucratic model to the market model, by way of privatization of public enterprises and deregulation. The ideology behind the reformation based on the shared recognition that the market and spontaneous order thereof is the better apparatus than the government and artificial order thereof in solving social problems mote efficiently. From the year of 2003, another round of reformation efforts have been promoted to introduce the participatory governance model, through institutionalization of channels for the wider participation of civil society into the energy policy-making process. This reformation efforts respond to; first, the increasing criticism from the civil society on the closedness of energy policy process and the higher probability of policy failures thereof, and second, the recognition that the self-organizing nature of an open policy process is the better mechanism for evolutionary problem-solving.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2015

The discussion about the structural reformation of Korean rail industry has been consistently conducted from the evaluation on Korean National Railroad's management in 1998, the foundation of KORAIL in 2005 to the approval of Suseo KTX corporation establishment in 2013 and the controversy over its privatization. This research explores the changes of government policies by applying to ACF in the assumption that those changes have been implemented due to the interaction of various external variables and main agents in policy which had existed for a long-term period that the rail industry's structural reformation has been practiced for more than 10 years. The unions failed to reach an agreement for the rail industry's structural reformation, the policies regarding the reformation have been led by superior political unions. And this research concludes that a mediator who can compromise unions' different policy preferences and means and bring up a compromised decision in conflicted situation plays a pivotal role to successfully practice these policies.