• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.251-274
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and problems in environmental education by schools which was newly established in the 6th curriculum and to propose the future agendas for environmental education. Then, we have investigated teachers' consciousness about environmental education and analysed the 6th curriculum and textbooks at primary and secondary school levels. The result of this study was as follows. 1. Most teachers thought of 'participation' as important goal of environmental education, but they actually could not practice it because of various preventing factors. 2. Most teachers thought that there were no efforts to reform textbook system and school conditions. 3. The content and goal of environmental education was duplicated and vague in each subject. The suggestions for the improvement of the environmental education based on these conclusions were as follows. 1. The systematic goal strategy of environmental education must be established. 2. We must allot appropriate roles to each environment related subjects for efficient environmental education 3. The opportunity for pre-service and in-service for teachers of environmental education must be expanded.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.70-93
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• 2019

The contemporary educational system in South Korea is built on high-stakes standardised tests, a manifestation of the national project of social reconstruction and reform. One recent outcome is the emergence of an unfamiliar yet ubiquitous phenomenon: the "pig mum"; a Korean parent who is fully involved in organising, scheduling and managing the educational process from primary to secondary school for a group of children in a neighbourhood. Based on a quasimixed method utilizing a survey of a group of students and parents, this pilot study explores the "pig mum" phenomenon and its linkage to education policy. The authors conclude that the current educational policy fails to achieve the ideals it professes to value. This creates deep and negative societal norms that endanger a growing generation of students by creating a parallel private education market environment where "pig mums" thrive.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.196-205
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• 2007

China power market is fast changing. The strong economic growth does make BOT power projects to be one of the focuses for investment in China due to the huge demand for energy by the Chinese government. Since late 80's,various power projects BOT studies have been carried out but appear too fragmented which fail to linked the BOT studies to the most recent government policies' changes or market movement. This study has carried out analysis on the recent changes in China power industry reform and local government authority empowerment. The impact of those changes to BOT investment has been identified and recommendations have been made on the new opportunities and new strategies especially from the Singapore's investors' point of view. A case study on BOT hydropower plant has been presented which could be a suitable model for Singapore investors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Dongguan City of Guangdong province, one of the core areas of the Pearl River Delta, has also pursued economic development through the geographical advantage close to Hong Kong. In the early 1980s, small and medium-sized multinational corporations related to home appliances industry from Hong Kong invested to the Dongguan area and set up a production factory. In the mid-1990s, as Taiwanese PC manufacturers invested, local industrial clusters have developed in Dongguan with core of the IT, PC components and electronic industries. The case of the IT industrial cluster in Dongguan is a typical example of the development of Chinese manufacturing industry after the reform of China. This paper focused on the coupling strategy case of Dongguan City industrial cluster in Guangdong province, and theoretically compared the endogenous growth factor analysis(NMID) of regional industrial development with the regional differentiation of industry based on external linkage with global production network(GPN).

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.161-183
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a concept map in a visual instructional strategy so that meaningful learning can be done by structuring knowledge in the section of eco-friendly clothing life and reform clothes. For this purpose, ten textbooks for the 2009 revised were analyzed, and 10 sub-area were selected to develop the concept map. The development was done by using Cmap Tools V6.02 and the study process has progressed content analysis, concept extraction, and concept map development. The analysis process and results of this study are as follows. First, in the course of setting standards, the analytical standards were set for the 2007 revision and 2009 revision curriculum achievement standards. Second, in the process of content analysis and concept extracting, through the analysis of textbooks, 'clothing selection and purchase', 'clothing care and management' and 'clothing reuse and eco-friendly'. The concept was extracted by subdividing on the basis of general and comprehensive core concepts. Third, the development process of concept map was developed and revised based on the extracted concepts, and the concept map developed was the 'clothing purchase plan', 'points to consider when buying clothing' 'quality', 'handle with care', 'classify laundry', 'remove stain', 'water washing', 'repair clothing', 'reform clothing', 'eco-friendly clothing life'.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.8
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.691-702
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• 2006

The purposes of the study are to portray Korean beginning secondary science teachers' ways of arranging science content, sense-making strategy, and factors contributing to the tensions between teachers' intentions and actual practice. Six beginning secondary science teachers participated in this study. Science classes taught by the participating teachers were observed and videotaped. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for science teachers participated in this study after science classes were observed. Instructional materials were also collected for each science class. Video- and audio-taped data were transcribed and analyzed using conceptual framework developed by the Michigan State University. The findings of this study produce the following conclusions: (1) beginning teachers' science classes are arranged in ways compatible to traditional school science, (2) frequently used sense-making strategies are procedural display and narrative reasoning, (3) tensions between beginning teachers' intentions and practice arise from two factors such as assessment and differences in educational views with peer teachers, and (4) learning experiences, lack of perceptions and preparations on reform science teaching, and the absence of systematic program for professional development programs for beginning science teachers are major obstacles to reform science teaching for beginning teachers.

• Strategy21
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• s.31
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• pp.57-84
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• 2013

North Korea's continuous threats and provocative behaviors have aggravated tension on the Korean peninsula particularly with the recent nuclear weapons test. South Korea's best way to cope with this situation is to maintain the balance among three policy directions: dialogue, sanctions, and deterrence. Among the three, I argue that deterrence should be prioritized. There are different sources of deterrence such as military power, economic power, and diplomatic clouts. States can build deterrence capability independently. Alternatively, they may do so through relations with other states including alliances, bilateral relations, or multilateral relations in the international community. What South Korea needs most urgently is to maintain deterrence against North Korea's local provocations through the enhancement of independent military capability particularly by addressing the asymmetric vulnerability between militaries of the South and the North. Most of all, the South Korean government should recognize the seriousness of the negative consequences that North Korea's 'Nuclear shadow strategy' would bring about for the inter-Korea relations and security situations in Northeast Asia. Based on this understanding, it should develop an 'assertive deterrence strategy' that emphasizes 'multi-purpose, multi-stage, and tailored deterrence whose main idea lies in punitive retaliation.' This deterrence strategy requires a flexible targeting policy and a variety of retaliatory measures capable of taking out all targets in North Korea. At the same time, the force structures of the army, the air force, and the navy should be improved in a way that maximizes their deterrence capability. For example, the army should work on expanding the guided missile command and the special forces command and reforming the reserve forces. The navy and the air force should increase striking capabilities including air-to-ground, ship-to-ground, and submarine-to-ground strikes to a great extent. The marine corps can enhance its deterrence capability by changing the force structure from the stationary defense-oriented one that would have to suffer some degree of troop attrition at the early stage of hostilities to the one that focuses on 'counteroffensive landing operations.' The government should continue efforts for defense reform in order to obtain these capabilities while building the 'Korean-style triad system' that consists of advanced air, ground, and surface/ subsurface weapon systems. Besides these measures, South Korea should start to acquire a minimum level of nuclear potential within the legal boundary that the international law defines. For this, South Korea should withdraw from the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. Moreover, it should obtain the right to process and enrich uranium through changing the U.S.-South Korea nuclear cooperation treaty. Whether or not we should be armed with nuclear weapons should not be understood in terms of "all or nothing." We should consider an 'in-between' option as the Japanese case proves. With regard to the wartime OPCON transition, we need to re-consider the timing of the transition as an effort to demonstrate the costliness of North Korea's provocative behaviors. If impossible, South Korea should take measures to make the Strategic Alliance 2015 serve as a persisting deterrence system against North Korea. As the last point, all the following governments of South Korea should keep in mind that continuing reconciliatory efforts should always be pursued along with other security policies toward North Korea.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.75-96
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• 2012

China will replace the global governance of the 21st century in 2050. The rise of China provide the Chinese development model to other developing countries. There are positive element and disability element in China's 'peaceful rise' strategy at the same time. Success of the reform and opening up, market liberalization, economic interdependency, economic globalization, stability of ruling power, consolidation of one-party rule and soft power increase are the promotions of peaceful rise. China's rise as a power nation begins by regaining the superpower status in East Asia. East Asia is a lebensraum assuring a continuing growth to China. For this lebensraum, China shows an interest in institutionalization of regional economic cooperation. The core values of ASEAN, namely the mutual respect, harmonious coexistence, co-prosperity, egalitarianism and pluralism are in conform to China's policy of harmonious world and peaceful coexistence. Through this common value the tension in East Asia will be alleviated. By the regional hegemony strategy based on soft power and economic success, China will try to regain the past glorious position. Attaining status as a coordinator of the world rule will be based on the success of the East Asian strategy. Korea and other neighboring countries will be the best beneficiary countries of the China's rise strategy. China's rising strategy will have a profound effect on neighboring countries especially, Korea. The scale of the movement of goods, labor, and capital between the two countries will become much larger than present. Through regional trade agreements, economic interdependency between Korea and China will increase.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.5B
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• pp.777-784
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• 2010

In modern information society, the necessity arose of having to manage overall information technology as information technology is introduced to companies and public organizations while the necessity of joining the goals of business and IT is increasing. Also, there has been an increase in organizations which are preventing the overlapping of IT investigations and pursuing ROI. Hereupon, many developed companies created the concept of IT governance. IT governance indicates the structure and dynamic behavior of companies' business and the structural affecting factors influencing IT, and this is expressed as business, the business & IT related committees and departments inside and outside, the framework representing their relationship and range of activity, organizational diagram and process composition. Intermingled with such external factors, the reestablishment of defense IT governance in order to reach the vision and goal of our current military defense has become a requirement. This study aims to describe core strategy for building defense IT governance framework. In order to support these claims, the comprehensive IT governance and information technology are mentioned, domestic and overseas military cases are analyzed, and core strategy for building defense IT governance framework is analyzed as well.