• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.789-798
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, I have researched the process of visceral structure in the Eight Constitutionals under circulation of the five elements and the formation of primary source of illness. From this research, I could draw following conclusions through combination of the auxiliary psycho-formulas by applying the constitutional acupuncture therapy on the five elements diagnostic calculation. Since the arrangement for the five dimensions of organs in the eight constitutions has been formulated by circulation of the five elements in Sasang constitutions, if the five elements begin circulating count-clockwise from the reference point at the organs in Sasang constitutional medicine, the positive constitutional arrangement of organs is built up such as, the positive constitution of metal, earth, wood and water, while begin circulating clockwise, the negative constitutional arrangement of organs is formulated, such as the negative constitutions of metal, earth, wood and water. The source of illness results from imbalance of the organic force being generated by transfer of the five elements from compatibility to incompatibility when the five elements circulate. Hence, it has been acknowledged that if the source of illness comes from the strongest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the second organ (the second strongest) in incompatibility, and if the source of illness comes from the weakest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the third organ (the middle) in incompatibility. It is considered proper to diagnose meridians of the pericardium and the Triple Burners rather than to diagnose meridians of the heart and the small intestine which forms the visceral arrangement of the eight constitutions. For instance, the auxiliary psycho-formula obtains its prescription by attenuating the first organ (the strongest) while augmenting the fourth organ (the second weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the second and the third organs, and it gets its prescription by attenuating the second organ(the second strongest) while augmenting the fifth organ(the weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the third and the fourth organs. In addition, when medicating, the $4{\sim}5$ times of repeated performance can be assumed to represent the amount of an energy that each organ bears depending on the phase in the arrangement of the eight constitutional organs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.556-562
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• 2009

Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar means that the molar erupts out of the normal position and is arrested in its eruption by the second primary molar. This local eruption disturbance results in a premature atypical resorption on the distal part of the second primary molar. In most irreversible cases, the second primary molar is lost prematurely, either by spontaneous exfoliation or by extraction, In cases of doubt as to whether the eruption is of the irreversible type or not, careful radiographic observation period for a few months would be valuable in evaluating the possibilities of the tooth's freeing itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and occurrence of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar. A descriptive, observational, retrospective study was done using the radiographs of 25 conseutive patients, who were in the first phase of mixed dentition. A method was designed to evaluate the amount of pathologic resorption of the second maxillary primary molar and the mesial angulation of the first permanent molar. The study showed that the most important etiologic factor was the eruption path or mesial angulation of the first permanent molars relative the chosen reference lines.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

Objectives : To quantitate the main compounds and investigate the biological activity of Sosiho-tang (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, SST), simultaneous determination of baicalin and glycyrrhizin, and anti-inflammatory activity were estimated. Methods : A quantitative analysis was performed using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reference compounds were separated on a reversed-phase column using gradient elution with water and acetonitrile each containing acetic acid at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. And the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $(PE)E_2$ were examined by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of the SST. The anti-inflammatory activity of SST was investigated by carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The paw volume was measured at 2 and 4 hr following carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. Results : The correlation coefficients of the compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.9992) over the linear range. The precisions of intra- and inter-day were less than 7.0% of relative standard deviation (RSD) values for baicalin and less than 3.5% of RDS valuse for glycyrrhizin. Recovery rates were within the range of 95.41-101.5%. The contents of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in SST were average 70.52, 6.18 mg/g, respectively. And SST exhibited inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells but not on $PGE_2$ production. Oral administration of SST (1 g/kg) showed a reduction in carrageenin-induced paw edema on rats. Conclusions : The analytical method was applied successfully to measure the contents of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in SST which exhibited anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.691-697
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• 2009

Hardware dedicated off-the-shelf maritime differential GPS RSIM lacks the open architecture to meet all the minimum maritime user requirements and to include future GNSS improvements after recapitalization. This paper carries out a study to replace existing hardware dedicated differential GPS RSIM with software differential GPS RSIM in order to make up the weak point of hardware dedicated off-the-shelf maritime differential GPS RSIM. In this paper, the architecture of software RSIM is proposed for maritime DGPS recapitalization. And the feasibility analysis of the proposed software differential GPS RSIM is performed as the first phase to realize the proposed architecture. For the feasibility analysis, the prototype RF module and DSP module are implemented with properties as wide RF bandwidth, high sampling frequency, and high speed transmission interface. This paper shows that the proposed architecture has the possibility of real time operation of software RSIM functionality onto the PC-based platform through the analysis of computation time. Finally, this paper verifies that the L1/L2 dual frequency software differential RSIM designed according to the proposed method satisfies the performance specifications set out in RTCM paper 221-2006-SC104-STD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2020

The number of CT scans is increasing every year due to the improvement of the medical standards of the public, and thus the annual dose of medical radiation is also increasing. In this study, we evaluated the effective dose of the human body exposed to CT scans and estimated LAR. First, five region were selected from the CT diagnostic reference level guideline, and the effective dose of human body exposed to each examination was evaluated by clinical CT device. Second, the human organs and effective dose were calculated using the ALARA-CT program under the same conditions. Third, lifetime attributable risk (LAR) estimated by the effective dose exposed through the previous CT scan was estimated. As a result, the most effective dose was 21.18 mSv during the abdomen 4 phase scan, and the dose level was below DRL for all other tests except for the abdominal examination. As a result of evaluating effective dose using a dose calculation program under the same conditions, the results showed about 1.1 to 1.9 times higher results for each examination. In the case of organ dose, the closer the organ to the scan site, the higher the scattering ray. The lifetime attributable risk to CT radiation dose in adults was gradually decreased with age, and the results were somewhat different according to gender.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.571-577
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop an analytical method for the determination of vitamin D in infant formula. Vitamin D was determined by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a reversed phase column and UV detector after saponification and extraction of the formula with an organic solvent. A preseparation column ($C_8$), focusing column ($C_{18}$), analytical column ($C_{18}$) and UV-Vis detector (254 nm) were used. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) for vitamin D were estimated to be $1.51{\mu}g/kg$ and $4.95{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The linearity, recovery, precision and accuracy of the analytical method for vitamin D were evaluated through the application of a SRM (Standard Reference Material) 1846 (National Institute of Standard & Technology, USA). The linearity of this method was calculated with a value of the coefficient of determination ($r^2$) ${\geq}0.9999$. The recovery of vitamin D was $85.20{\pm}3.00%$. The intra-assay precision for vitamin D was between $1.68{\pm}0.03%$ and $5.75{\pm}0.33%$, and the inter-assay precision for vitamin D ranged from $1.73{\pm}0.03%$ to $2.96{\pm}0.09%$. The intra-assay accuracy for vitamin D was between $100.03{\pm}2.77%$ and $102.01{\pm}0.59%$, and the inter-assay accuracy for vitamin D ranged from $99.00{\pm}1.53%$ to $102.01{\pm}3.04%$. The proposed method is optimal for the separation and quantification of vitamin D from infant formula.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-128
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• 2012

Defense technology planning identifies medium-and long-term core technologies to accomplish future defense goals and suggests strategies for future R&D. In order to promote the export-oriented defense industry, planning paradigms should be shifted from technology-oriented planning that focuses on weapon systems to market- oriented R&D planning. This study aims to strategically support 'preliminary technology planning' the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality is pushing ahead with. Through market-orientation analysis models of weapon systems based on defense R&D planning, data research on previous market-oriented research, and the analyses and examples of global defence markets, it evaluates market attractiveness to UAVs and drew methods for exploring markets and enhancing competitiveness of military equipment. The market-oriented analysis model of weapon systems is considered to be a helpful reference as a relevant factor for decision making on establishing and verifying requirement planning. In particular, if a market-oriented defense R&D planning process is established institutionally, it will enable us to make export strategies tailored to different equipment from the planning phase and to support marketing strategically.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1992

The bioequivalence of two commercial choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) tablets was evaluated in 10 normal male subjects (age 21-27 yr, mean 23 yr) following single oral administrations of two products. Test product was $Trimax^{\circledR}$ tablet (Hyundai Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd., Korea) and reference product was $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ tablet (Purdue Frederick, U.S.A.). Both products contained 500 mg salicylate. In the study, ten volunteers were administered one tablet of $Trimax^{\circledR}$ or $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ with randomized two period cross-over study. The pharmacokinetic parameters of two products were statistically compared using Student's t-test and ANOVA. When Student's t-test was applied, mean area under the curves (AUC) of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ and $Trimax^{\circledR}$ were $388.88{\pm}74.99\; {\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$ and $390.63{\pm}63.02\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$ hrlm!, respectively, which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean peak concentrations $(C_{max})$ and mean times to peak $(T_{max})$ of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ and $Trimax^{\circledR}$ were $71.1{\pm}12.2$ and $72.9{\pm}10.7\;{\mu}g/ml$, and $72{\pm}33$ and $57{\pm}36min$, respectively, which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean terminal phase half-lives $(t_{l/2ter})$ of the two products were $2.57{\pm}0.47$ and $2.43{\pm}0.40$ hr, and also they were not significantly different (p>0.05). When ANOVA was applied, the parameters of the two products were not also significantly different each other. Based on the above results, it has been concluded that the bioavailability of $Trimax^{\circledR}$ tablet was not significantly different from that of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ tablet.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

The neutron activation inventories in reactor vessel and its internals, and bio-shield of a PWR nuclear power plant were calculated to evaluate the effect of impurity elements contained in the structural materials on the activation inventory. Carbon steel is, in this work, used as the reactor vessel material, stainless steel as the reactor vessel internals, and ordinary concrete as the bio-shield. For stainless steel and carbon steel, one kind of impurity concentration was employed, and for ordinary concrete five kinds were employed in this study using MCNP5 and FISPACT for the calculation of neutron flux and activation inventory, respectively. As the results, specific activities for the cases with impurity elements were calculated to be more than twice than those for the cases without impurity elements in stainless and carbon steel. Especially, the specific activity for the concrete material with impurity elements was calculated to be 30 times higher than that without impurity. Neutron induced reactions and activation inventories in each material were also investigated, and it is noted that major radioactive nuclide in steel material is Co-60 from cobalt impurity element, and, in concrete material, Co-60 and Eu-152 from cobalt and europium impurity elements, respectively. The results of this study can be used for nuclear decommissioning plan during activation inventory assessment and regulation, and it is expected to be used as a reference in the design phase of nuclear power plant, considering the decommissioning of nuclear power plants or nuclear facilities.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is for fundamental research of meditation smart wear for physical and mental healing, and researching method for monitoring phase of meditation through textile by measuring the number of abdominal respiration when meditating. For this purpose, the research implemented Single Wall Carbon Nano-Tube (SWCNT) based strain gauges type textile sensor, considered reliability and validity of respiratory sensing, and analyzed efficiency of respiratory sensing based on body parts comparatively. The first preliminary experiment was to evaluate the performance of textile sensor through abdominal model dummy which open and shut of 5 cm repeatedly for 2 minutes at the rate of 0.1Hz in order to simulate abdominal respiration. It concluded signal efficiency between reference sensor(BIOPAC) and textile respiratory sensor appears statistically significant (p<0.001). The second experiment were conducted with 4 subjects doing abdominal respiration under same conditions, and after comparing the signal values between two sensors from 4 attached locations(around center and sides of omphali and phren), center of omphali and sides of phren were selected as suitable location for measuring meditational breathing as they showed large and stable signals. In result, this research aimed for implementing of the textile sensor for sensing meditational breathing of long respiration cycle, review of reliability and validity for sensing number of meditational respiration with the sensor and consideration of sensing efficiency by sensing location on body parts.