• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2007

Various kinds of RI wastes are discharged from licensed organizations of radioisotopes les such as hospitals and clinic organizations, educational organizations, research institutions, and public organizations. Radioiodines such as $^{125}I\;and\;^{131}I$ are radioisotopes mainly used in nuclear medicine and industry. A method for the determination of radioiodines in RI wastes has been applied to measure low level activity using acid decomposition method and HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. Prior to analysis of real samples, $^{131}I$ reference solution and 10 g of yellow tissue paper was added to flask in mantle and was heated in 100 mL of 0.4 N $K_2Cr_2O_7$ and 100 mL of 9 M $H_2SO_4$, and then distilled after adding 10 mL of 30% $H_2PO_3$ and 1 mL of 30% $H_2O_2$. The condensed iodine by circulator was extracted into $CCl_4$, then back-extracted into the aqueous phase with 10 mL of 5% $K_2SO_2$ solution. Finally, $^{131}I$ was measured at 364.48 keV using HPGe gamma ray spectrometer after precipitation and filtration. Chemical yield of three steps such as acid decomposition process, chemical separation process, and precipitation and filtration process was more han 94% respectively, MDA(Minimum Detectable Activity) of $^{131}I$ at this analytical condition was 0.6 Bq/g.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.109-126
• /
• 1993

Refractory periodontitis manifest progressive attachment loss in a rapid and unrelenting manner regardless of the type or frequency of therapy applied. The purpose of this study was ta evaluate the relation between the level of cytokines in GCF and periodontopathic microflora with disease activity of refractory periodontitis. Selection of patients with refractory periodontitis (7 males, 3 females) were made by long term clinical observation including conventional clinical history and parameters. Teeth that showed pocket depth greater than 6mm were selected as sample teeth. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 3 months. Prior to baseline test, individual acrylic stent was fabricated. Reference grooves were made on each sample tooth site. Pocket depth and attachment loss were measured by Florida Probe. Gingival index was measured at 4 sites each sample teeth. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of ${\ge}$ 2.1mm, as determined by sequential probing and tolerance method. The pattern and amount of alveolar bone resorption was observed with quantitative digital subtraction image processing radiography. Morphological analysis of subgingival bacteria was taken by phase contrast microscopy. Predominant cultivable bacterial distribution and frequency were compared between disease-active and disease-inactive site using immunofluorescence microscopy and selective microbial culturing. Levels of $interleukin-l{\beta}$, 2, 4, 6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF and blood serum sample were quantified by ELISA. In active sites, P. intermedia was significantly increased to compare with inactive site. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF were increased in active sites and IL-2 in serum was increased in active patients significantly. Alveolar bone loss in active site was correlated with $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2 in GCF. And loss of attachment in active site was correlated with IL-2 in GCF. These results demonstrate that IL-2 in serum, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF, P, intermedia might be used as possible predictors of disease activity in refractory periodontitis before it is clinically expressed as attachment loss and quantitative alveolar bone change.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2011

In a loss-of-coolantaccident, considerable debris may be generated and transported to the recirculation sump. The accumulation of debris will reduce the netpositivesuctionhead and threaten the safety of thenuclear power plant. Both NEI 04-07 and USNRC SER suggesteda CFD methodology. However, additional investigation is needed to consider the unique characteristics of nuclear power plants. The transport of the generated debris is strongly influenced by the break location and the plant characteristics, including the configuration.In this paper, a CFD methodology for blow-down transport evaluation is proposed and applied to an OPR1000 nuclear power plant. The results show that the percentage of small debris transported to the upper containment is 32%, which is 7% larger than the valuegiven in the NEI 04-07 baseline analysis. This result may be used as a point of reference in future analytical studies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2013

Ingestion of grapes or raisins has been reported to the occurrence of acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs, although the mechanism remains undetermined. The prognosis often depends on the severity or clinical course of the disease at the time of presentation and is poor if the dog becomes anuric phase. To explore the characteristics and outcome of ARF caused by grape or raisin poisoning, sequentially collected data, from 2005 to 2008, of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the Kangwon National University for clinical evaluation were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 11 clinically affected dogs, 4 cases made a full recovery, 3 died and 4 were euthanized. All but one case (raisin ingestion) had a history of grape exposure, but the exact quantity of fruit ingested was not known. The female dogs accounted for 72.7% (8 cases). Overall, the mean age was 5.3 years (range 0.2-11.3 years), and the mean body weight was 4.1 kg (range 1.4-13 kg). The average duration of hospital stay was 7.1 days (range 2-22 days). Vomiting and anorexia was reported in all dogs. Diarrhea (4 cases), oliguria (5 cases), and anuria (4 cases) with or without isosthenuria were also reported. Five dogs of 11 had mild to moderate anemia, with a decrease in packed cell volume and hemoglobin. All dogs had elevations in serum phosphorous, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen values, but calcium values were variable; 2 dogs with hypocalcemia, 2 dogs with hypercalcemia, and the remaining 7 cases within reference interval. Dogs (n = 8) with measured on blood gas parameters had metabolic acidosis. In addition, higher serum enzyme activities were observed; amylase in 8 (72.7%) dogs, alkaline phosphatase in 7 (63.6%) dogs, and alanine aminotransferase in 5 (45.5%) dogs. Non-survived dogs revealed lower counts of platelet and lymphocyte subpopulation, as compared to the survived dogs.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2009

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two domperidone maleate tablets, Motilium-$M^{(R)}$ Tablet (Janssen Korea Ltd., reference product) and $Toriem^{(R)}$ Tablet (Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd., test product). Domperidone was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether and separated in less than 3 min on $C_{18}$ reverse-phase column using an isocratic elution. A tandem mass spectrometer, as detector, was used for quantitative analysis in positive mode by a multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the m/z $426.1{\rightarrow}119.1$ and the m/z $837.4{\rightarrow}158.2$ transitions for domperidone and the internal standard (roxithromycin), respectively. Calibration curves, from $0.05{\sim}50$ ng/mL of domperidone, showed correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9941. Intra day and inter day precision (C.V. %) for quality control were ranged from 10.04 to 16.09% and from 10.87 to 18.69%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of domperidone was 0.05 ng/mL. The method described is precise and sensitive and has been successfully applied to the study of bioequivalence of domperidone in 24 healthy Korean volunteers. Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers received a single dose of each medicine ($2{\times}12.72\;mg$ domperidone maleate) in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of domperidone were monitored for over a period of 24 hr after the administration. $AUC_{0-t}$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were within acceptable range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log\;0.92{\sim}log\;1.05$ for $AUC_{0-t}$, $log\;0.81{\sim}log\;1.05$ for $C_{max}$). The major parameters, $AUC_{0-t}$ and $C_{max}$ met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that $Toriem^{(R)}$ tablet is bioequivalent to Motilium-$M^{(R)}$ tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two torasemide tablets, Torem tablet (Roche Korea Co., Ltd., Korea, reference drug) and Boryung Torsemide tablet (Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). After adding an internal standard (furosemide) to human serum, serum samples were extracted using 5 mL of ethyl acetate. Compounds were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC method with UV detection. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 0.05 ug/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The lower limit of quantitation using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.05 ug/mL which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. Twenty-eight healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the torasemide dose of 20 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Serum concentrations of torasemide were monitored by an HPLC-UV for over a period of 12 hr after the administration. $AUC_{t}$(the area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to 12 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum serum drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the serum concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_{t}$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for Boryung Torsemide/Torem were log 0.97-10g 1.03 and log 0.93log 1.12, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80-log 1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating Boryung Torsemide tablet and Torem tablet are bioequivalent.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.346-356
• /
• 2008

Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals with long and thin fibers that originate naturally in the environment. Asbestos mainly affects lungs and the membrane that surrounds the lungs. In general, PCM (phase contrast microscopy) and PLM (polarized light microscopy) have been used to analyze asbestos fibers. However, these methods have often problems to over-estimate number concentration when counting real asbestos fibers. Moreover, there are many difficulties when separating and identifying various asbestos and non-asbestos fibers. In order to determine quantitative information on fibrous particles, source profiles for asbestos and non-asbestos fibers must be initially developed on the basis of their chemical compositions and physical parameters. In our study, a SEM/EDX was used to develop source profiles from known asbestos samples as reference samples. We could make the source profile matrix consisting of 6 types of asbestos fibers and 2 types of non-asbestos fibers by analyzing 380 fibers. Based on these profiles, a rule building expert system was developed by using the visual basic application (VBA). Various fibers were successfully classified by 2 simple rules in the EXCEL environment based on several visual steps such as inserting data, viewing results, and saving results. For a case study to test the expert system, samples from a construction materials and from various indoor environments such as a residental area, a preschool classroom, and an underground store were collected and analyzed. As a result of the survey, a total of 76 individual test fiber particles was well classified into 5 different types of particle classes; 9.3% of chrysotile, 15.4% of amosite, 0.8 of crocidolite, 4.2% of tremolite, 5.8% glass fiber, 21.1% of other fibers, and 43.5% of unknown fibers in terms of number concentration. Even though unknown portion was high, it will be decreased markedly when expanding fiber source profiles.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.429-436
• /
• 2019

The eLoran system is considered the best alternative because the vulnerability of satellite navigation systems cannot be resolved as perfect. Thus, South Korea is in the process of establishing a testbed of the eLoran system in the West Sea. To provide resilient navigation services to all waters, additional eLoran transmitters are required. However, it is difficult to establish eLoran transmitters because of various practical reasons. Instead, the positioning with NDGNSS/AIS source can expand the coverage and its algorithm with applying continuous waves is under development. Using the already operating NDGNSS reference station and the AIS base station, it is possible to operate the navigation system with higher accuracy than before. Thus, it is crucial to predict the performance when each system is integrated. In this paper, we have developed a simulation tool that can predict the performance of terrestrial integrated navigation system using the eLoran system, maritime NDGNSS station and the AIS station. The esitmated phase error of the received signal is calculated with the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound factoring the transmission power and the atmospheric noise according to the transmission frequency distributed by the ITU. Additionally, the simulation results are more accurate by estimating the annual mean atmospheric noise of the 300 kHz signal through the DGPS signal information collected from the maritime NDGNSS station. This approach can further increase the reliability of simulation results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2009

In this paper, a 2.4 GHz doppler radar system consisting of a doppler radar sensor and a baseband module were designed to detect heart beat and respiration signal without direct skin contact. The doppler radar system emits RF signal of 2.4 GHz toward human chest, and then detects phase modulation of the reflected signal so as to investigate cardiopulmonary activities. The heartbeat and respiration signals acquired from I/Q channels of the doppler radar system are applied to the pre-processing circuit, the amplification circuit, and the offset circuit of the baseband module. The designed system was tested on mouse, rabbit and mankind, which have different range of heart rates and respiration signals, to evaluate detection accuracy of the system. ECG acquisition system and respiration transducer were used to generate the reference signal. In our experiments, a performance of detection were found to be high in the case that the subject stays still. In this paper, we confirmed that non-contact heart beat and respiration detection using the doppler radar has the possibility and limitation according to distance, cardiopulmonary activities, range of heart rates and respiration.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.221-230
• /
• 2005

Catalytic wet oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in water has been conducted using $TiO_2-supported$ cobalt oxides at $36^{\circ}C$ with a weight hourly space velocity of $7,500\;h^{-1}.\;5\%\;CoO_x/TiO_2$, prepared by using an incipient wetness technique, might be the most promising catalyst for the wet oxidation although it exhibited a transient behavior in time on-stream activity. Not only could the bare support be inactive for the wet decomposition reaction, but no TCE removal also occurred by the process of adsorption on $TiO_2$ surface. The catalytic activity was independent of all particle sizes used, thereby representing no mass transfer limitation in intraparticle diffusion. XPS spectra of both fresh and used Co surfaces gave different surface spectral features for each $CoO_x,\;Co\;2P_{3/2}$ binding energy for Co species in the fresh catalyst appeared at 781.3 eV, which is very similar to the chemical states of $CoTiO_x$ such as $CO_2TiO_4\;and\;CoTiO_3$. The used catalyst exhibited a 780.3-eV main peak with a satellite structure at 795.8 eV. Based on XPS spectra of reference Co compound, the TCE-exposed Co surfaces could be assigned to be in the form of mainly $Co_3O_4$. XRD patterns for $5\%\;CoO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst indicated that the phase structure of Co species in the catalyst even before reaction is quite comparable to the diffraction lines of external $Co_3O_4$ standard. A model structure of $CoO_x$ present predominantly on titania surfaces would be $Co_3O_4$, encapsulated in thin-film $CoTiO_x$ species consisting of $Co_2TiO_4$ and $CoTiO_3$, which may be active for the decomposition of TCE in a flow of water.