Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.3.346

Classifying and Identifying Asbestos and Non-Asbestos Fibers by a Rule Building Expert System  

Choi, Young-A (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Lee, Tae-Jung (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Kim, Dong-Sool (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment / v.24, no.3, 2008 , pp. 346-356 More about this Journal
Abstract
Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals with long and thin fibers that originate naturally in the environment. Asbestos mainly affects lungs and the membrane that surrounds the lungs. In general, PCM (phase contrast microscopy) and PLM (polarized light microscopy) have been used to analyze asbestos fibers. However, these methods have often problems to over-estimate number concentration when counting real asbestos fibers. Moreover, there are many difficulties when separating and identifying various asbestos and non-asbestos fibers. In order to determine quantitative information on fibrous particles, source profiles for asbestos and non-asbestos fibers must be initially developed on the basis of their chemical compositions and physical parameters. In our study, a SEM/EDX was used to develop source profiles from known asbestos samples as reference samples. We could make the source profile matrix consisting of 6 types of asbestos fibers and 2 types of non-asbestos fibers by analyzing 380 fibers. Based on these profiles, a rule building expert system was developed by using the visual basic application (VBA). Various fibers were successfully classified by 2 simple rules in the EXCEL environment based on several visual steps such as inserting data, viewing results, and saving results. For a case study to test the expert system, samples from a construction materials and from various indoor environments such as a residental area, a preschool classroom, and an underground store were collected and analyzed. As a result of the survey, a total of 76 individual test fiber particles was well classified into 5 different types of particle classes; 9.3% of chrysotile, 15.4% of amosite, 0.8 of crocidolite, 4.2% of tremolite, 5.8% glass fiber, 21.1% of other fibers, and 43.5% of unknown fibers in terms of number concentration. Even though unknown portion was high, it will be decreased markedly when expanding fiber source profiles.
Keywords
Asbestos; Individual fibrous particle; SEM/EDX; Source profile; Expert system;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 유찬영(2002) 서울시 지하철 역사 내부 설비 공사에 따른 석면의 발생 실태, 연세대학교 보건대학원 석사학위 논문
2 장여진, 김동술(1997) CCSEM을 이용한 대기 중 개별분진의 분류에 관한 연구, 한국대기보전학회지, 13(5), 345-353
3 정헌준, 백승화, 김종헌(2002) 대전지역 지하상가에서의 석면농도에 관한 연구, 한국관리학회지, 8(2), 207-215
4 최영아, 이태정, 김동술(2007) SEM/EDX를 이용한 석면 및 비석면의 오염원분류표 개발, 한국대기환경학회지, 23(6), 718-726   과학기술학회마을   DOI
5 하권철(2004) 경남지역 지하생활 공간 중 석면 및 라돈의 농도분포 특성, 한국산업위생학회지, 14(3), 319-324
6 Beaman, D.R. and D.M. File (1976) Quantitative determination of asbestos fiber concentrations, Anal. Chem., 48, 101
7 Guillemin, M.P., P. Madelaine, G. Litzistorf, P. Buffat, and F. Iselin (1989) Asbestos in buildings, Aerosol Science and Technology, 11, 221-243   DOI   ScienceOn
8 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath (NIOSH) (1994) Manual of Analytical Method, 4th Ed., Asbestos and Other Fibers by TEM, No. 7402
9 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath (NIOSH) (1972) Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, No. 72-10267
10 유성환(1993) 건축재료에서 발생되는 석면입자의 특성 연구, 한국대기보전학회지, 9(3), 191-199
11 Jaffrey, S.A.M.T. (1990) Environmental asbestos fibres release from brake and clutch linings of vehicular traffic, British Occupational Hygiene Society, 34 (4), 529-534   DOI
12 김수환, 김동술(1999) 실내공기 중 석면 섬유의 분류 및 확인을 위한 전문가시스템의 개발, 한국대기환경학회지, 15(6), 703-712
13 백남원, 이영환(1991) 석면취급 사업장 근로자의 석면폭로 특성에 대한 연구, 한국산업위생학회지, 1(2), 144-153
14 Liukonen, L.R. and F.W. Weir (2005) Asbestos exposure from gaskets during disassembly of a medium duty diesel engine, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 41, 113-121   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Chesson, J., J. Hatfield, B. Schultz, E. Dutrow, and J. Blake (1990) Airborne asbestos in public buildings, Environmental Research, 51, 100-107   DOI   ScienceOn
16 김강윤, 최성필, 박남규, 최호춘, 이승민, 성민기(2005) 모 어린이집에서 발생되는 섬유상 물질의 석면함유 여부와 노출수준 조사, 한국대기환경학회 2005 춘계학술대회 논문집, 57-59
17 Caneve, L., F. Colao, F. Fabbri, R. Fantoni, V. Spizzichion, and J. Striber (2005) Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of asbestos, Spectrochemica Acta Part B, 60, 1115-1120   DOI   ScienceOn
18 유성환, 김현욱(1996) 전자현미경을 이용한 건물내 비고형 표면자재의 석면 오염 및 기중 석면농도 특성조사, 한국산업위생학회지, 6(2), 165-175
19 임무혁, 이송권, 정인호(2004) 대구지역 내 일부 치과기공소의 공기 중 석면농도, 한국산업위생학회지, 14(3), 264-269
20 한정희, 김광진, 정용현, 이준연, 이용묵, 정호근, 유일재(2001) 에너지 분석 X선 분석장치가 장착된 투과전자현미경을 이용한 석면분석방법, 한국산업위생학회지, 11(2), 102-110
21 최충곤(2001) 건축물 해체 작업시 발생되는 석면의 노출 평가, 연세대학교 보건대학원 석사학위 논문
22 노동부(2007) 석면함유제품의 제조, 수입, 양도, 제공 또는 사용 금지에 관한 고시, 노동부 고시 제2007-26호
23 환경부(2004) 다중이용시설등의 실내공기질 관리법 시행규칙 별표 3
24 Wylie, A.G., K.F. Bailey, J.W. Kelse, and R.J. Lee (1993) The importance of width in asbestos fiber carcinogenicity and its implications for public policy, American Industrial Hygiene Association, 54, 239-250   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Frumkin, H. and J. Berlin (1988) Asbestos exposure and gastrointestinal malignancy review and meta-analysis, Am J. Ind. Med., 14, 79-95   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Dusinska, M., A. Collins, A. Kazimirirova, M. Barancokova, V. Harrington, K. Volovova, M. Staruchova, A. Horska, L. Wsolova, A. Kocan, J. Petrik, M. Machata, B. Ratcliffe, and S. Kyrtopoulos (2004) Genotoxic effects of asbestos in humans, Mutation Research, 553, 91-102   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Maclure, M. (1987) Asbestos and renal adenocarcinoma. A case-control study, Environ. Res., 42, 353-361   DOI   ScienceOn
28 환경부 (2004) 실내공기질 공정시험방법, 환경부 고시 제2004-80호
29 Helsen, J.A., P. Vandevelde, A. Kuczumow, and A. Deruyttere (1989) Surface characteristic of asbestos fibers released from asbestos-cement products, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 50(12), 655-663   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Spurny, R.R. (1989) On the release of asbestos fibers from weathered and corroded asbestos cement products, Environmental Research, 48(1), 100-116   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Conner, T., G. Norris, M. Landis, and R. Williams (2001) Individual particle analysis of indoor, outdoor, and community samples from the 1998 Baltimore particulate matter study, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 3935-3946   DOI   ScienceOn
32 노동부(2002) 화학물질 및 물리적인자의 노출기준, 노동부 고시 제2002-8호
33 김화수, 조용범, 최종욱(1995) 전문가시스템, 집문당
34 최영아(2007) 석면과 비석면 섬유의 오염원 분류표 및 분류기법 개발, 경희대학교 석사논문
35 변상훈, 주종순, 손종렬(2003) 부평역에서의 공기중 석면 노출 실태 및 인식도 조사, 대한위생학회지, 18(1), 8-14
36 Bhattacharya, K., E. Dopp, P. Kakkar, F.N. Jaffery, D. Schiffmann, M.C. Jaurand, I. Rahman, and Q. Rahman (2005) Biomarkers in risk assessment of asbestos exposure, Mutation Research, 579, 6-21   DOI   ScienceOn