• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.486-488
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• 2007

The Grid Reference System, which was firstly used in SPOT series, has been successfully adapted in KOMPSAT-1 and KOMPSAT-2 program, which identifies the geographical location to make image collection plans and manage the database of satellite images. Each Grid Reference System for KOMPSAT-1 and KOMPSAT-2 was designed based on system parameters related to each KOMPSAT-1 and KOMPSAT-2 and this fact leads to the need for the design of the Grid Reference System for KOMPSAT-3 (KGRS-3, hereafter), which reflects system parameters for KOMPSAT-3. The (K, J) coordinate system has been defined as the Grid Reference System for KOMPSAT-3 using heritages from KOMPSAT-1 and KOMPSAT-2 programs. The numbering of K begins with the prime meridian of K = 1 with running eastward on earth increasingly, and the numbering of J uses a value of J = 1000 at all points on the equator and begin with running northward increasingly. The Grid Reference System for KOMPSAT-3 is to be implemented in Ground Segment of KOMPSAT-3 system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1750-1755
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• 2010

The MLVA assay is known to have a high ability to identify and discriminate Brucella species, so that it can be used as an epidemiological tool to discriminate Brucella isolates originating from restricted geographic sources. In this study, the genetic profiles of 38 B. abortus isolates from humans were analyzed and compared with genotypes from animal isolates in South Korea. As a result, it was found that they did not show high genetic diversity and were compacted. They were clustered together with animal isolates, showing a significant correlation to regional distributions. With its ability to prove a significant genetic correlation among B. abortus isolates from animals and humans in South Korea, the MLVA assay could be utilized as part of a program to control and eradicate brucellosis, one of the major zoonoses. This study represents the first data of genetic correlation of B. abortus isolates from humans and animals in South Korea.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.390-399
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• 2018

In order to precisely assess gene expression levels, the suitable internal reference genes must be served to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. For armyworm, Mythimna separata, which reference genes are suitable for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes have yet to be explored. In this study, eight common reference genes, including ${\beta}$-actin (${\beta}$-ACT), 18 s ribosomal (18S), 28S ribosomal (28S), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), elongation fator-alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), TATA box binding protein (TBP), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), and alpha-tubulin (${\alpha}$-TUB) that in different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments of M. separata were evaluated. To further explore whether these genes were suitable to serve as endogenous controls, three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder), the delta Ct method, and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized HSP70, and MsepCYP321A10 gene expression data. We found that the most suitable reference genes for the different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, 28S/RPL7 were the optimal reference genes, both $RPL7/EF1{\alpha}$ were suitable for experiments of different tissues, whereas for insecticide treatments, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were the suitable reference genes because they have the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. Our work is the first report on reference gene selection in M. separata, and might serve as a precedent for future gene expression studies.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.358-365
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• 2021

Crabbing motion is a pure sway motion with only sway velocity. The ship's crabbing motion is essential for an ideal berthing/unberthing process. The unberthing situation proceeds in sequential order such as crabbing motion section, pivoting section, and outer port section. For the berthing situation, the sequence has a reverse order: the inner port section, pivoting section, and crabbing motion section. In this paper, the berthing/unberthing data of the reference ship, Pukyong National University research ship "NARA", was analyzed to develop a sway velocity reference model. Several constraints were defined to derive the crabbing motion section during berthing/unberthing. The sway velocity reference model for the auto-berthing/unberthing was developed using the estimated sway velocity. A reproduction simulation of the ship was performed to compare the designed reference model and the reference ship data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.401-402
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• 2012

해양 자원의 개발이 연안에서 심해로 이동하면서 해양플랜트 건조도 또한 심해라는 특수한 상황에서 운용될 수 있도록 건조되고 있다. 여러 가지 운용 시스템 중 Dynamic Positioning(DP) 시스템은 해상에서 해양 구조물을 일정기간동안 원하는 위치를 유지 시켜주는 시스템으로써 다양한 선박 및 해양플랜트에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 DP 시스템은 기본적으로 GPS를 이용하여 해상에서 그 위치를 유지하고 있지만 그 외에도 다양한 Position Reference 시스템이 사용되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 DP 시스템의 기본적인 원리와 DP Class 구분 그리고 DP 시스템에 사용되는 다양한 Position Reference 시스템에 대해서 개략적으로 다루고자 한다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

In this paper, a pseudorange correction regeneration algorithm was developed to improve the positioning accuracy of DGPS using multi-reference stations, and the optimal minimum number of reference sites was determined by trying out different numbers of reference. This research was conducted using from two to five sites, and positioning errors of less than 1 m were obtained when pseudorange corrections are collected from at least four reference stations and interpolated as the pseudorange correction at the rover. After determining the optimal minimum number of reference stations, the pseudorange correction regeneration algorithm developed was tested by comparison with the performance of other algorithms. Our approach was developed based on an exponential model. If pseudorange corrections are regenerated using an exponential model, the effect of a small difference in the baseline distance can be enlarged. Therefore, weights can be applied sensitively even when the baseline distance differs by a small amount. Also weights on the baseline distance were applied differently by assigning weights depending on the difference of the longest and shortest baselines. Through this method, the positioning accuracy improved by 19% compared to the result of previous studies.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2004

Telematics is an emerging industrial field made up of the convergence of technologies. The key technologies for Telematics are server-side technology, terminal-side technology, communication-related technology, and positioning technology. Standardization in Telematics is now getting more notice these days. Domestic situation is explained for several related facilities such as ETRI, TTA, and Telematics Standardization Forum. In this paper, we will focus especially on the standard reference model that is the most fundamental framework of Telematics technology standardization. In the reference model, the Telematics system is composed of Telematics client part, communication part, and Telematics server part. The Telematics client part consists of terminal, positioning device, and car electronic devices. Communication part can be composed of various telecommunication channels such as CDMA, WLAN, DMB, WiBro, etc. which can guarantee the seamless two-way communication. Telematics server part is composed of TSP(Telematics Service Provider) server and CP(Contents Provider) servers gathering and managing the various Telematics services. This Telematics reference model is expected to be utilized as the base architecture in developing the technology and standards from now on.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.859-864
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• 2007

In the future, it is necessary that using the Satellite-based radio navigation augmentation system such as Differential Global Positioning System(DGPS) to achieve a position accuracy of sub-meter level in port. Generally, the receiver for DGPS reference station should meet performance specifications of RSIM Ver. 1.1 presented by RTCM. This paper proposes a method to verify performance of the receiver for DGPS reference station according to the RSIM Ver. 1.1. And this paper presented that performance evaluation of the commercial receiver for DGPS reference station through the proposed method is satisfied with RSIM Ver. 1.1.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.105-109
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• 2018

A certified reference material (CRM) for the analysis of inorganic nutrients in nutritional supplements has been developed. Accurate mass fractions of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were determined by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP/MS). The measurement results were used to assign certified values for the CRM, which were metrologically traceable to the definitions of the measurement units in the International System of Units (SI). Production of a candidate reference material (RM) and the certification processes are summarized. Each nutrient in the CRM showed good homogeneity, which was estimated using relative standard deviations of the measurement results of twelve bottles in a batch. This CRM is expected to be an important reference to improve reliability and comparability of nutrient analyses in nutritional supplements and related samples in analytical laboratories.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.5-25
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• 2005

This study is designed to research principles for establishing cooperatively virtual reference shelves of university libraries. To achieve the goal, this study establishes theoretical foundations for virtual reference shelves. Also, we discuss why the virtual reference shelves are necessary via cultural subject of libraries. Second, this study investigates current circumstances of virtual reference shelves' usages. This Investigation is conducted in terms of nine evaluation indexes. The results are used to justify the cooperative establishment for virtual reference shelves. Last, this study discusses actual methods and procedures for establishing cooperatively virtual reference shelves, associating with roles of related institutions.