• 제목/요약/키워드: Reductive Dechlorination

검색결과 71건 처리시간 0.032초

Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene in Soils by Fe(II)-Based Degradative Solidification/Stabilization

  • Hwang, Inseong;Batchelor, Bill
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.49-52
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    • 2001
  • An experimental study was conducted to test the feasibility of degradative solidification/stabilization (DS/S) process in treating tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in solid phase systems. The Fe(II)-based ds/s process successfully treated PCE in a soil at the reaction rates that would not allow significant release of the contaminant in the environment. A leach model was also developed that could describe the relative importance of leaching and degradation in ds/s. The first and second Damkohler numbers and dimensionless time were important parameters that determined leaching precesses in wastes treated by ds/s.

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Anaerobic Degradation of Aromatic Compounds by Microorganisms in Paddy Field

  • Katayama, A.;Yoshida, N.;Shibata, A.;Baba, D.;Yang, S.;Li, Z.;Kim, H.;Zhang, C.;Suzuki, D.
    • 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경농학회 2011년도 30주년 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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    • pp.128-135
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    • 2011
  • Consortia demonstrated the high capacities of anaerobic degradation of various aromatic compounds, which were successfully enriched from gley paddy soils under different conditions. Phenol and cresol was decomposed anaerobically using nitrate, ferric oxide or sulfate as electron acceptors. Biphenyl was degraded to $CO_2$, especially without addition of external electron acceptor. Alkylphenols with middle length of alkyl chain, were co-metaboliocally degraded with the presence of hydroxylbenzoate as the co-substrate under nitrate reducing conditions. The microorganisms responsible for the anaerobic co-metabolism was Thauera sp. Reductive dechlorination activity was also observed for polychlorophenols, fthalide, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins with the presence of lactate, formate or $H_2$ as electron donor. The fthalide dechlorinator was classified as Dehalobacter sp. Coupling of two physiologically-distinct anaerobic consortia, aromatic ring degrader and reductive dechlorinator, resulted in the mineralization of pentachlorophenol under anaerobic conditions. These results suggested that gley paddy soils harbored anaerobic microbial community with versatile capacity degrading aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions.

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Reductive Dechlorination of Low Concentration Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Affected by a Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

  • Kim, Jong-Seol;Frohnhoefer, Robert C.;Cho, Young-Cheol;Cho, Du-Wan;Rhee, G-Yull
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권9호
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    • pp.1564-1571
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    • 2008
  • We investigated whether the threshold concentration for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination may be lower in biosurfactant-amended sediments compared with biosurfactant-free samples. At PCB concentrations of 40, 60, and 120 ppm, the surfactant amendment enhanced the PCB dechlorination rate at all concentrations and the rate was also faster at higher concentrations. On a congener group basis, dechlorination proceeded largely with group A (congeners with low threshold) in both surfactant-free and -amended sediments, accumulating mainly group C (residual products of dechlorination) congeners, and surfactant enhanced the dechlorination rate of group A congeners. Since the PCB threshold concentration for the inoculum in the experiment was lower than 40 ppm, we carried out another experiment using sediments with lower PCB concentrations, 10, 20, and 30 ppm. Sediments with 100 ppm were also performed to measure dechlorination at a PCB saturation concentration. Comparison between the plateaus exhibited that the extent of dechlorination below 40 ppm PCBs was much lower than that at a saturation concentration of 100 ppm. There was no significant difference in the extent of dechlorination between surfactant-free and -amended sediments. Moreover, surfactant did not change the congener specificity or broaden the congener spectrum for dechlorination at PCB concentrations below 40 ppm. Taken together, it seems that at a given PCB concentration, dechlorination characteristics of dechlorinating populations may be determined by not only the congener specificity of the microorganisms but also the affinity of dechlorinating enzyme(s) to individual PCB congeners.

Dechlorination of Individual Congeners in Aroclor 1248 as Enhanced by Chlorobenzoates, Chlorophenols, and Chlorobenzenes

  • Kim, Jong-Seol;Cho, Young-Cheol;Frohnhoefer, Robert C.;Rhee, G-Yull
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권10호
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    • pp.1701-1708
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    • 2008
  • Previous investigations showed that three classes of haloaromatic compounds (HACs; chlorobenzoates, chlorophenols, and chlorobenzenes) enhanced the reductive dechlorination of Aroclor 1248, judging from the overall extent of reduction in CI atoms on the biphenyl. In the present study, we further investigated the kind of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners involved in the enhanced dechlorination by four isomers belonging to each class (2,3-, 2,5-, 2,3,5-, and 2,4,6-chlorobenzoates; 2,3-, 3,4-, 2,5-, and 2,3,6-chlorophenols; and 1,2-, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and penta-chlorobenzenes). Although the PCB congeners involved in the enhanced dechlorination varied with the HACs, the enhancement primarily involved para-dechlorination of the same congeners (2,3,4'-, 2,3,4,2'-plus 2,3,6,4'-, 2,5,3',4'- plus 2,4,5,2',6'-, and 2,3,6,2',4'-chlorobiphenyls), regardless of the HACs. These congeners are known to have low threshold concentrations for dechlorination. To a lesser extent, the enhancement also involved meta dechlorination of certain congeners with high threshold concentrations. There was no or less accumulation of 2,4,4'- and 2,5,4'-chlorobiphenyls as final products under HAC amendment. Although the dechlorination products varied, the accumulation of ortho-substituted congeners, 2-, 2,2'-, and 2,6-chlorobiphenyls, was significantly higher with the HACs, indicating a more complete dechlorination of the highly chlorinated congeners. Therefore, the present results suggest that the enhanced dechlorination under HAC enrichment is carried out through multiple pathways, some of which may be universal, regardless of the kind of HACs, whereas others may be HAC-specific.

니켈로 코팅된 영가금속을 이용한 염소계 페놀화합물의 반응경로 및 반응율 평가 (Reductive Degradation Kinetics and Pathways of Chlorophenolic Organic Pollutants by Nickel-Coated Zero Valent Iron)

  • 신승철;김영훈;고석오
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.487-493
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 지하수에 존재하는 다양한 클로로페놀류 화합물을 제거하기 위하여 니켈로 코팅된 영가철을 이용하여 적용 타당성을 검토하였다. 다섯가지 종류의 클로로페놀 화합물을 대상으로 처리효과를 평가하였으며 중간 생성물을 분석하였다. 실험결과를 이용하여 개질된 영가철에 의한 반응경로 및 반응율을 평가하기 위하여 수치해석적 방법을 적용하였다. 개질된 영가철에 의한 오염물의 제거는 반응계수를 기준으로 2-CP>4-CP>2,4-DCP>2,4,6-TCP>2,6-DCP의 순서를 나타내었다. 수치해석 결과 각 클로로페놀 화합물의 탈염소화 반응은 연속적 단계와 평행적 단계를 거쳐 최종 생성물인 페놀화합물에 도달되는 결과를 보여주었다.

니켈로 코팅된 염가금속을 이용한 4-염화페놀의 환원제거율 평가 (Reductive Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol Compound by Nickel-Coated Zero Valent Iron)

  • 신승철;김영훈;고석오
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 지하수내의 클로로페놀 오염물을 제거하기 위하여 니켈로 코팅된 영가철을 이용한 기술의 적용 타당성을 검토하였다. 영가철을 니켈로 개질하여 4-클로로페놀을 분해하였으며 중간 생성불의 생성에 대하여 조사하였다. 또한, 초기 오염물의 농도, 이중금속의 주입량, 휴믹산의 영향 및 용액의 pH 변화에 따른 오염물의 제거 효과에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 니켈로 개질된 영가철은 240분 이내에 4-클로로페놀의 95% 이상을 효과적으로 제거하였다. 유사 1차 반응계수에 의하여 평가된 오염물의 제거효과는 개질된 영가철의 주입량에 직접적으로 비례하는 결과를 보였다. 휴믹산의 경우 개질된 영가철의 표면에 대하여 4-클로로페놀과 경쟁관계를 보임에 따라 오염물의 제거효과를 감소하는 역할을 하였다. 영가철만을 단독으로 사용하는 경우와 다르게 개질된 영가철을 사용 시 용액의 pH 는 크게 변화하지 않아 개질된 금속의 내구연한이 증가될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 4-클로로페놀의 탈염소화 분해과정을 해석한 결과 페놀화합물이 생성되었다.

Degradation of Chlorinated Organic Compounds by Zero Valent Metals and an Electron carrier

  • Kim, Young-Hun
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.53-56
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    • 2001
  • The degradation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) by vitamin B$_{12}$, an electron mediator was examined when zero valent metals (ZVMs) were used as built electron donors. Dechlorination of PCE and TCE by iron and zinc in the presence of vitamin B$_{12}$ showed that the zinc and vitamin B$_{12}$ combination greatly enhances the reaction rates for both PCE and TCE, but iron and vitamin B$_{12}$ result in an increase in reactivity only for PCE degradation, not for TCE degradation in comparing with meta]s only. This result indicates vitamin B$_{12}$(I) Is active towards both PCE and TCE degradation while vitamin B$_{12}$(II) is active towards both PCE. Calculated activation energies for the dechlorination of PCE in the presence of Vitamin B$_{12}$ showed that vitamin B$_{12}$ lowered the activation energy about 40-60 kJ/㏖ for the both metals.the both metals.

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영가금속에 의한 Endosulfan I과 II의 환원분해에 미치는 계면활성제의 영향 (Effect of surfactants on reductive degradation of Endosurfan I and II by ZVM)

  • 김진영;김영훈;신원식;전영웅;송동익;최상준
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.187-190
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    • 2002
  • Reductive dechlorination of endosulfans was studied with zero valent metals (ZVMs) and bimetals in aqueous batch reactors. The effect of surfactants was evaluated. Endosulfan was successfully dechlorinated with zero valent iron. However, a bimetal, palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) showed a highly enhanced reactivity for both endosulfan I and II indicating palladium act as a dechlorination catalyst on the iron. The effect of surfactants on degradation with ZVM has been very controvertible. Variable concentration of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 and an anionic surfactant, SDS were added into the reactor with ZVM. The reaction rates of endosulfan were increased with both surfactants. In the case of Triton X-100, the reaction rate was increased with the increasing surfactant concentration up to 400 mg/L. Addition of small amount of surfactant under the CMC, the reaction rate was increased. However, the enhancing effect was diminished when a higher concentration of surfactant (1,000 mg/L) was used. Current study implicate that the surfactant adsorbed on the metal surface might increase the surface concentration of endosulfan resulting in the increased reaction rate. However, partitioning of endosulfan into the micelle formed at the high concentration of surfactant diminish the enhancing effect by reducing the contact chance between target compound and the metal surface.

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PCE 포함한 각종 유기염소화합물 분해능을 보유한 C. bifermentans DPH 균주의 동정 및 성질 (The Identification and Anlaysis of C. bifermentans DPH, an Anaerobic Bacterium that can Dechlorinate by Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene or Other Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds)

  • 정용철;정권;유영식;김민영;신재영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.6-13
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    • 2000
  • PCE(tetrachloroethylene) 분해능을 보유한 그람 양성, 내생포자 형성의 혐기성균이 일본 기후현의 한 전자제품공장으로부터 분리되었다. 이 균은 생화학적 특성 및 16S rRNA 분석결과에 의하여 C. bifermentans인 것을 거쳐 cDCE(cis-1,2-dichloroethylene)로 전환되었다. 전자공여체로서 효모엑기스는 PCE 분해에 있어 가장 효과적이었으며 효모엑기스를 공급한 조건에서의 PCE 탈염소화 속도는 0.41 $\mu$mol/h.mg protein 이었다. 한편 본 균주는 PCE 뿐만 아니라 각종 유기염소화합물에 대해서도 분해능을 보유하고 있는 신종의 PCE 분해균으로서 각종 유기염소화합물에 오염된 지하수 및 토양에서의 In situ bioremediation 적용에 있어 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

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