• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.58 no.3
• /
• pp.239-252
• /
• 2013

Agronomic characteristics and grain properties of Korean wheat of 175 farmers in nationwide for two years, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, were evaluated to support basic data for improving grain quality of Korean wheat and enhancing Korean wheat consumption. Agronomic characteristics, including culm length, spike length, number of $spike/m^2$ and rate of off-type plant, and grain properties, including 1000 kernel weight, test weight, moisture, ash and protein content, were influenced by year and location. Number of $spike/m^2$, test weight, moisture, ash and protein content of wheat cultivated in 2011 were higher than those of 2012 and culm length, spike length, rate of off-type plant and 1000 kernel weight of 2012 were higher than those of 2011. Wheat cultivated in southern part of Korea showed higher culm length and 1000 kernel weight and lower test weight than those of northern part of Korea. Spike length, number of $spike/m^2$ and test weight were reduced by additional fertilization after mid of March, although there was no significant difference between date of additional fertilization and grain properties. Cultivated wheats in Jeollabuk-do showed lower ash content and higher protein content than those of other provinces and cultivated wheats in Jeollanam-do exhibited higher ash content than that of other provinces. As amount of fertilization increased, culm length, 1000 kernel weight and protein content increased and spike length and ash content were decreased, although date of additional fertilization did not effect on agronomic characteristics and grain properties. Amount of fertilization was positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and protein content (r = 0.159, P < 0.05 and r = 0.212, P < 0.01, respectively) and was negatively correlated with ash content (r = -0.185, P < 0.05). Thousand kernel weight was negatively correlated with ash content (r = -0.226, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.207, P < 0.01). Ash content increased as test weight and culm length decreased and 1000 kernel weight was influenced by culm and spike length (r = 0.397, P < 0.001 and r = -0.205, P < 0.01, respectively).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1995

Defatted sesame flour is the by-products obtained after oil extracting process. Although this flour has high quality and quantity of protein its use is limited only for animal feed and fertilization. Sesame seeds contain antinutrients such as oxalate, phytate and phenol compounds and these compounds lower their nutritive value. recently, ultrafiltration(UF) has been used to concentrate protein from various food sources. This study was carried out to examine the effects of UF with different membrane pore size on the components of sesame protein concentrates including antinutrients and to compare with that of conventional acid-precipitated sesame protein isolate. The protein contents of sesame protein concentrates prepared by JF using 10K, 30K, 100K were 84.2%, 82.7%, 76.4% and the protein yields were 36.44%, 34.69, 31.43% and the protein contents was 88.7% Alkali extraction process at pH 9.0 followed by UF technique reduced oxalate and phytate content. There were 85% and 94% reduction of oxalate and phytate content by UF with membrane pore size of 100K daltons, respectively. However, the content of total phenol compounds was not reduced by this method. About 99% of calcium and 50% of zinc were removed by UF with membrane of 100K daltons. total essential amino acid contents of sesame protein concentrates prepared by UF were decreased slightly when compared with acid-precipitated sesame protein concentrate.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.28-42
• /
• 1969

Field studies were conducted with the split plot design of 20 treatment with a combination of 4 levels of 3, 5, 7 and 9 plants per hill and 5 levels of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 hills per 3.3$m^2$ on non-, low- and high-salty areas. Rice variety, Kusabue was grown under jthe standard fertilization and cultivating. Investigation was made on the productive structure of plant population, leaf-area index, light intensity curve by stratum of crop population at the panicle differentiation stage. The competition density effect on the photosynthetic capacity was low as the salt concentration became higher. This seemed to suggest the possiblity of an increased yielding capacity by closer planting in the salty areas. The effect of an increased number of hills per unit area was greater than that of an increased unmber of plants per hill due to the total leaf area and space distribution of the actie assimilation parts of rice plants. The number of ppanicle per unit area in the salty areas were increased when the number of hill per 3.3$m^2$ increased over an increased number of plants per hill, and the panicle weight was reduced by close planting in the non-lalty area, while it was not reduced so much in the salty areas. The number of grains per panicle was significantly decreased by close planting in the salty areas as in the non-salty area, and ratio of matured grain was not decreased even by close planting in the salty areas, while it was significantly decreased by close planting in the non-salty area. An increase in the rice yield was possible by close planting and greatly related to leaf area index in the salty areas but not in the non-salty area. Increasing the number of hills per unit area showed greater effect on the increase of the rice yield than an increased number of plants per hill in the salty areas. Relationships between the growth characteristics and the rice population affected by plant spacing mode for maximum production were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.357-357
• /
• 2017

The combined application of oil cake and rice bran into the soil surface was found useful for weed control in our previous pot study. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) while incorporated in the paddy field and effects of combined fertilizer on weed control and rice yield. A plot was divided into two parts i.e. white clover incorporated and not incorporated. The nitrogen content of the incorporated white clover was $12.5gm^{-2}$. Chemical fertilizer and combined fertilizer plots were compared with non-fertilizer conditions. The mixed ratio of combined fertilizer was oil cake 1.35 and rice bran 1.0. Combined fertilizer was applied to the soil surface, and chemical fertilizer was mixed in the soil. Nitrogen application rate was $8gm^{-2}$ for any fertilizer. The weed numbers were significantly reduced in the white clover plot irrespective of application condition both at heading and harvest time. Also, weed control ability was improved by the use of combined fertilizer. In the not incorporated plot, the number of weeds was suppressed about 90% by applying combined fertilizer. The rice yield was markedly increased by the incorporation with white clover under all fertilization conditions. Contribution rates of increased rice yield by white clover and combined fertilizer were about 55% and about 25%, respectively. The rice yield was increased by the incorporation with white clover, and the number of weeds remarkably decreased as well. Also, these effects were improved due to combined application of oil cake and rice bran.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2014

Emission reduction of $CH_4$ (methane gas) from rice paddy soil is a very important measure for climate change mitigation in agricultural sector. In this study, we investigated the changes in crop yield and $CH_4$ emissions in response to application of biochar and fertilizers. The experimental site is located in Hwasung, Kyunggido and experimental design is the split-plot method with three replicates. Treatments included rice straw (RS) and biochar (BC) amendments nested with the conventional NPK fertilizer (NPK) and slow release fertilizer (SRF). Control was also prepared with the soil with the conventional NPK fertilization with no amendment. Measurement of $CH_4$ emission was conducted during the growing season of 2014 using a dynamic chamber method. The results showed that application of rice straw increased daily $CH_4$ emission rate by 15%, while application of biochar reduced daily $CH_4$ emission rate by 38%. When we combined biochar application with slow release fertilizer, $CH_4$ emission was reduced by 45%. Further, the crop yield was also increased in all treatments compared with the control except for the treatment of rice straw application with slow release fertilizer. Overall results imply that biochar amendment to agricultural soil can be an effective strategy to decrease annual $CH_4$ emission with no reduction in crop yield.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.675-679
• /
• 2009

We investigated how Germanium (Ge) application, and the application method, affected 'Niitaka' (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit quality in a conventional orchard. Ge-treated pears weredark yellow in color, indicating appropriate maturation. Other fruit characteristics, and weight, did not significantly differ between tests and controls. Compared to controls, fruit from Ge-treated trees had more soluble solids, a lower acid content, and fewer stone cells, which reduced fruit chewiness. Ge-treated trees showed a higher Ge concentration in fruit but a lower calcium (Ca) concentration. Other fruit mineral nutrients, includingP, K, and Mg, did not differ in level between Ge-treated fruit and controls. Ge-treated fruit showed greater firmness and a heavier specific weight during 6 months of storage, compared to control fruit. Therefore, Ge treatment reduced fruit pithiness, which can be a problem in 'Niitaka' pears. Overall, there was no significant difference between Ge-treated and control fruit qualities, but a combined Ge treatment (fertilization plus foliar application plus trunk injection) slightly improved fruit quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the difference of Zoysia matrella's evaporation in between 100 percent soil and mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite to create green spaces on the artificial ground. It is believed that the weight against the artificial ground will be reduced, provided the vegetation is possible in the circumstance of the mixed sol with 50 percent of perlite. The study employed a modified Makkink's model by Iwasa who had developed the model for estimating Zoysia matrella's evaporation in the natural ground using the Makkink's formula in 1997 at Chiba University, Japan. The parameter of Makkink's formula is the solar radiation. For that reason, the Makkink's formula is simple and easy to measure the parameter and has a high utility. If the outcomes from mixed soil are close to modified Makkinks formula, the modified Makkink's formula will be applied to estimate in the artificial ground with mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite. Weather observation and actual amount of evaporation of Zoysia matrella have been measured, and the relation between weather condition and actual amount of evaporation had been also investigated. In line with this, we found out that there is a relevant relationship between daily average temperature, the modified Makkink's model by Iwasa, and the actual amount of evaporation. As the results of the experiment, the outcomes from mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite have very high relation to 100 percent soil. In addition, mixed soil has more adhesion with water than natural soil. However, it needs to be adequately maintained in terms of fertilization and damage from disease and harmful insects until the gras fastens its roots into the soil. By using mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite, the load from soil on the artificial ground can be reduced. The study on the growth of the grass throughout the plant vegetation and the actual amount of evaporation in the mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite should be performed in the future.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2015

Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside, isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. It possesses a broad range of biological and pharmacological activity including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant by acting as a free radical scavenger. Therefore, in this study, the effects of catalpol on blastocyst development, expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic index were investigated in porcine embryos. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, porcine embryos were cultured for 6 days in porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3) supplemented with catalpol (0, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}M$, respectively). Blastocyst development not significantly improved in the catalpol treated group when compared with control group. Otherwise, the intracelluar levels of ROS were decreased and the numbers of apoptotic nuclei were reduced in the catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated porcine blastocysts (P<0.05). On the other hand, blastocyst development was significantly improved in the catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated group when compared with the untreated catalpol group under $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$) induced oxidative stress (P<0.05). Otherwise, the intracellular levels of ROS in catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated group were significantly decreased in the untreated catalpol group under $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$) induced oxidative stress (P<0.05). Furthermore, the total cell numbers of blastocysts were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated group under $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$) induced oxidative stress, whereas numbers of apoptoic nuclei were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that treatment of catalpol may have important implications for improving developmental competence and preimplantation quality of porcine embryos through its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effect.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.838-842
• /
• 2009

We explored how 'Wonwhang' pear fruit quality was affected by selenium (Se) application. The fruit skin color and fruit type differed between Se-treated trees and controls. Se-treated fruits had higher potassium and Se concentrations, more fruit soluble solids, and lower acidity, compared to the controls. All Se treatments improved fruit firmness during cold temperature storage compared to the controls. Also, Se-treated fruits had greater specific gravity and minuteness, which reduced fruit pithiness and rendered test fruits denser than the controls. Overall, Se foliar application improved fruits marketability compared to the Se fertilization or Se trunk injection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted for 2 years at Chinju region to establish suitable seeding rate and fertilizing levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in spring-sown Jinyangbori. Heading and maturing were delayed by increasing fertilizers, especially nitrogen. Number of spikes per were secured by much seeding and increased application of nitrogen. One thousand grain weight reduced with increasing fertilization at any seeding rate. Relatively high harvest indices were observed with 12-10-4 at 10kg. 10a$^{-l}$ seeds planted, followed by 6-10-8 at 15 kgㆍ 10a$^{-1}$, and 6-10-4kgㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ at 20kg ㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ of N-P-K fertilizing combinations, respectively. There was no distinct differences on yield for various seeding rates in spring-sown barley. When seeding rate increased up to 15kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$, the positive effect of fertilizers was recognized as the function of balanced-application. It was possible to recommend 10kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as seeding rate and 6-5-4(N-P-K)kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as fertilizing combination in spring-time seeding considering low input and sustainable agriculture. There was no significant difference of protein content in grain by seeding rate. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced protein content in grain.