• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.332-339
• /
• 2014

This research was performed to test the hypothesis that the optimal fertilization rate for red pepper is changed by soil moisture condition. The experiment was conducted in rainfall-intercepted fields in Suwon, South Korea from 2002 to 2003. Soil was irrigated at 30, 50, or 80 kPa of soil moisture tension at 20 cm soil depth in 2002 and 30, 50, 100, or 150 kPa in 2003. For both years, fertilization was performed with four levels: none, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 times of the recommended N, P, and K fertilization rate. The irrigation amount was the greatest at 30 kPa irrigation while the water use efficiency increased with decrease of irrigation amount. The Irrigation amount was 508 mm at 30 kPa irrigation and ranged from 355 mm to 435 mm at 50 kPa irrigation. The maximum yield was found at 30 kPa irrigation and 1.5 times of the recommend fertilization rate in 2002 and 2003. The yield index of red pepper increased linearly with the fertilization rate at 30 kPa which implied that excess irrigation induced nutrient leaching and reduced nutrient availability. The maximum yield in 50 kPa and 80 kPa was found at the recommend fertilization rate while the yield decreased by fertilization at 100 kPa and 150 kPa irrigation. It implies that reduction of fertilization is the feasible practice to mitigate drought stress in fields without stable irrigation resources.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to compare an econamical efficiency of a recommended rate of fertilizer with the criterion of the sustainable agriculture direct income support system(SADISS). Red pepper was cultivated with different fertilizer application levels of the standard amount of fertilizer for red pepper(SAFR), fertilizer recommended by soil testing for red pepper(FRST) and decrement of 20, 40, 60 and 80 percent of fertilizer recommended by soil testing for red pepper(DFRST 20, 40, 60, 80) and that of farmer's habitual practies fertilization (FHPF). The changes by different levels of applied fertilizer was compared with those of SADISS. The results were summirized as follows: No yield difference was found among the FHPF, SAFR, FRST and DFRST20, but yield decrease in FRST40, 60 and 80. T-N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in FHPF were 24, 9 and 53 percent respectively, and it were the lowest ones among the treatments. Fertilizer efficiency of red pepper was decreased with application rate of fertilizer. Fertilization ratio of N and P in DFRST(40, 60, 80 percent) was not sufficiency for red pepper. Economical efficiency of FRST and DFRST20 showed sufficiently in comparison with FHPF. Therefore, it could be possible that FRST and DFRST20 were recommended as methods for SADISS in red pepper cultivation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal condition of the extraction of red pepper oleoresin. The yield of oleoresin form red pepper was 24~28% when it was extracted by ethanol and methanol. and 8~10% by acetone, ethylene dichloride and n-hexane. But more than 60% of portion in alcohol extracts were moisture and sugars. Capsaicin and pigment were extracted more than 70% of those in red pepper when it was extracted by ethylene dichloride Those useful components were extracted most efficiently by mixed solvents of ethanol and ethylene dichloride at the ratio of 50:150. other extracting conditions were investigated in this studies, such as optimal extraction time was more than 3 hours, temperature was 55$^{\circ}C$ and particle size was finer than 250 mesh

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2003

It was investigated the possibility to use charcoal powder as beneficial soil conditioner, which used frequently in environmentally friendly agricultural farming system. For this purpose, the effects of charcoal powder on the growth of red pepper and chemical and microbiological properties of soil were also determined. The application of charcoal powder resulted in no significant differences of pH and EC in the soil compared to those of control. However, small particle size of charcoal powder increased yield of red pepper while large charcoal powder resulted in decrease of root growth of red pepper. Furthermore, the application of charcoal powder resulted in changes of soil microflora relating to plant growth stage. The number of the nitrogen fixing bacteria and fungi increased at the early growth stage, while phosphate releasing fungi in the soil increased at the late stage of growth by charcoal powder application. These beneficial effect of charcoal powder on the soil microbial properties was larger by the use of smaller particle size of charcoal powder. Therefore, it indicated that the small size of charcoal powder might be more influential on the red pepper yield and soil microbial properties may be due to large capacity of nutrients uptake for the plant and microorganisms. Additionally the optimal application amount of charcoal powder for the red pepper could be suggested as much as 300kg 10a$^{-1}$ for the both purposes of improvement of crop yield and retardation of the nutrients accumulation by excess charcoal application.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.506-513
• /
• 2010

Plant growth promoting ability of Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 was evaluated under different levels of organic fertilizer application on red pepper plants in a pot experiment. Oil cake as an organic N fertilizer was applied at the rates of 70, 85, 100 and 120% of the conventional recommended level. Each treatment was further treated with or without M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation. The recommended amount of compost for red pepper was added in all the treatments. Results revealed that plant height, dry biomass and fruit yield were enhanced in increasing order as the rate of fertilization increased. Overall plant growth was improved due to the inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20 and red pepper fruit yield was also increased by 10-35% in the plants inoculated with M. oryzae CBMB20 at different rates of organic fert1izer application. Total methylotrophic bacterial population in rhizosphere soil measured at the time of harvest was significantly higher in M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculated treatments. The growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20 found in red pepper could be due to the effective colonization of the bacteria in the rhizosphere and its ability of enhancing nutrient availability and producing plant growth hormones. With the plant growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20, the rate of organic fertilizer application can be reduced without any significant decreases in biomass production and yield of red pepper.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.98-102
• /
• 2012

Organic farming has rapidly increased in Gangwon province, but there is a concern about nutrient accumulation and nutrient imbalance in the soil of organic farming. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of continuous application of organic amendments on growth and yield of red pepper and soil characteristics compared with chemical fertilizers application for four years. Treatments of organic amendments including oil cake, rice straw compost, amino acid compost, rice bran compost, and mushroom media (spent substrate) compost resulted in comparable growth and yield of pepper to chemical fertilizers. Organic amendments improved soil physical and chemical characteristics. Especially, rice bran compost and oil cake significantly increased soil organic matter compared with chemical fertilizer application and mushroom media compost and rice straw compost significantly improved soil aggregate stability. On the other hand, available phosphate level in the soil amended with rice bran compost or mushroom media compost was relatively high compared with the other treatments due to relatively high phosphate levels in the composts. It is not easy to adjust nutrient composition in the organic materials. Therefore, the results obtained from the study imply that nutrient imbalance needs to be carefully considered in organic farming without use of chemical fertilizers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.404-412
• /
• 2015

The slurry composting and bio-filtration (SCB) liquid manure has some obvious advantages including a good source of N, P and K, local availability, effective microorganism and the ability to improve soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence on the changes of soil chemical properties and yield of red pepper by fertigation cultivation with SCB application for 2 years. Red pepper was transplanted in early May in 2013 and 2014. The treatment with three replication was composed of 4 types as control (N 1.0), SCB 0.5N, SCB 1.0N, and SCB 2.0N standards of recommended nitrogen fertilizer ($19kg\;N\;10a^{-1}$). The fertigation cultivation which was installed the surface drip irrigation system was splitted 10 times as $2.5Mg\;10a^{-1}$ nutritional solution included with chemical fertilizer and SCB every 10 days during the cultivation. The height and width of pepper plant were 7.0% and 5.8% higher in SCB 2.0N treatment than that in control. The yield of red pepper increased with the increasing of SCB application rates from SCB 0.5N to 2.0N. The yield of SCB 1.0N was much better 10% in average than that of control, and there was significant differences among all treatments. pH of control soil after final harvest decreased to 6.1, however pH of SCB treated soils increased from 6.7 to 7.1 depending on SCB application rates. The Exch.-K contents of SCB treated soils were increased 13.7 to 56.9% after final harvest compared with control by $0.51cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. Accordingly, these results showed that SCB 1.0N application rate as a recommended nitrogen level based on soil testing can be used as an alternative nitrogen management as well as plant nutrition for red pepper cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 1980

Rheological behaviors of red pepper paste acre investigated with rotational viscometer at $25{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ and the following results were obtained. 1. At shear rate of $0.323{\sim}1.653\;sec^{-1}$, red pepper paste was found to be a thixotropic food product which showed pseudoplastic proper ties and also exhibited a yield stress and time dependent characteristics. 2. At a shear rate of 0.978 $sec^{-1}$, flow behavior index, consistency index and yield stress were 0.597, 192.3 dyne $sec^s/cm^{2}$, and 91 dyne/$cm^{2}$ respectively. 3. Variation of consistency of red pepper paste with time was found to be decayed by a second order kinetic equation and thereafter nearly time independent. 4. Variation of consistency of red pepper paste with temperature was found to follow Andrade's equation and the activation energy as calculated on the basis of this equation was $1.03\;kcal/g{\cdot}mole$.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2012

To determine the effect of winter green manure crops for tillage and no-tillage organic pepper cultivation in plastic film house, five different green manure crops were cultivated during winter season. In nutrition composition of green manure crops, total nitrogen contents were higher in Vicia hirsuta and Vicia angustifolia than any other crops. The average dry weights of green manure crops were 8.3 ton per ha in tillage and 7.0 ton per ha in no-tillage, among green manure crops that of Secale cereale was the highest. Fertilizer supply was depended on the biomass of the cultivated green manure crops and nutrition contents, total nitrogen supply of V. angustifolia was 226 kg and that of S. cereale was 251 kg per ha in tillage field. In no-tillage field, N-supply of V. angustifolia was 197 kg and that of S. cereale was 222 kg per ha. In yield components of red pepper, fruit numbers per plant were 55.5 in green manure crop tillage and 37.0 in no-tillage cultivation. Among green manure crops, the yield of dried red pepper was the highest for V. angustifolia in both green manure crop tillage and no-tillage cultivation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effece of NaCl concentrations on the growth, photosynthetic rate and mineral uptake of tomato, red pepper, and egg Plant in Pot culture. The growth such as plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight and dried matter rate was decreased as NaCl concentrations were increased. Specially, the growth inhibition of tomato and egg plant was shown at over 40 mM NaCl, and that of red pepper at 20 mM NaCl. Yield of tomato and egg Plant was reduced at over 20 U NaCl, that of red pepper at over 10 mM NaCl. Yield reduction was affected by the number of fruit at low concentration and by mean weight and number of fruit at high concentration. Photosynthetic rate, water potential and stomatal conductance were decreased as NaCl concentrations were increased. The higher the concentration of NaCl, the lower the mineral uptake such as T-N, P, K, Ca and Mg, however, the higher the content of Na and Cl.