• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2005

The objective of this experiment was to compare the dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen and energy utilization of herbages from mixtures types; conventional mixtures(orchardgrass 50+ tall fescue 20+perennial ryegrass 10+Kentucky bluegrass 10+white clover $10\%$), complex mixtures (orchardgrass 40+ tall fescue 20+perennial ryegrass 10+Kentucky bluegrass 10+redtop 10+alfalfa 5+red clover $5\%$) and simple mixtures(orchardgrass 80+red clover $20\%$) by Korean native goats. This experiment was conducted by total collection method in laboratory, 2000. The voluntary DM intake per body weight was slightly higher f3r complex mixtures (30.2g) than those of other mixtures. but there was no significant difference. The digestibility of dry matter and cellular constituents were slightly higher for complex mixtures than those of other mixtures (p<0.05), but NDF and ADF digestibilities did not differ among mixtures. The retained nitrogen percent (apparently biological value) was slightly higher fer complex mixtures $(55.1\%)$ than those of other mixtures, but there was no significant difference among mixtures. Apparently retained digestible energy was slightly higher for complex mixtures $(60.2\%)$ than those of other mixtures (p<0.05). Based on the results, the nitrogen and energy utilization of herbage by Korean native goats were slightly higher for complex mixtures than those of other mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.121-125
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• 1967

The formation of a charge transfer complex between various amines and organic halogen compounds was closely investigated. A mixture of amine (piperidine, pyridine, diethylamine, ethylamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine) and organic halides(carbon tetrachloride and chloroform) was checked for its UV absorption spectrum in presence of n-hexane solvent. A red shift was observed. The formation of charge transfer complex was observed in the case of triethylamine and diethylamine, whereas the formation of contact complex was distinct in case of piperidine. The relation between the nucleophilicity of amines and their tendency of forming charge transfer complex was discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.506-518
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• 2020

Background: Red-skin root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) significantly reduces the quality and limits the production of ginseng in China. The disease has long been thought to be a noninfectious physiological disease, except one report that proved it was an infectious disease. However, the causal agents have not been successfully determined. In the present study, we were to reveal the pathogens that cause red-skin disease. Methods: Ginseng roots with red-skin root symptoms were collected from commercial fields in Northeast China. Fungi were isolated from the lesion and identified based on morphological characters along with multilocus sequence analyses on internal transcription spacer, β-tubulin (tub2), histone H3 (his3), and translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α). Pathogens were confirmed by inoculating the isolates in ginseng roots. Results: A total of 230 isolates were obtained from 209 disease samples. These isolates were classified into 12 species, including Dactylonectria sp., D. hordeicola, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. torulosum, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Rhexocercosporidium panacis, and three novel species I. changbaiensis, I. communis, and I. qitaiheensis. Among them, I. communis, I. robusta, and F. solani had the highest isolation frequencies, being 36.1%, 20.9%, and 23.9%, respectively. All these species isolated were pathogenic to ginseng roots and caused red-skin root disease under appropriate condition. Conclusion: Fungal complex is the causal agent of red-skin root in P. ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.274-283
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• 1996

In this study, the effects of red ginseng components [ginsenosides (total saponins and $Rg_1$) on the function of ryanodine receptor (RyR) -$Ca^{2+}$ release channel complex protein (named as RyR or $Ca^{2+}$ channel), a membrane protein in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit skeletal muscle were examined at the SR vesicle's level and the molecular levels with Chaps-solubilized and purified $Ca^{2+}$ channel protein and with reconstituted proteoliposomes by dialysis. The results were as follows. 1. The binding of ryanodine known as inhibitor of muscle contraction to the RyR was decreased at the whole range of concentration ($10^2$~$10^7$%) by these two ginseng components. In heavy SR vesicles, Chaps-solubilized and purified $Ca^{2+}$ channel protein, and reconstituted vesicles, its maximal inhibition by total saponins was shown at the concentration of $10^3$, $10^3$%, and $10^5$% respectively, and by gin- senoside $Rg_1}$) each was $10^3$%, $10^3$%, and $10^4$%. 2. The release of $Ca^{2+}$ ion through $Ca^{2+}$ channel in heavy SR vesicles and reconstituted proteoliposomes was increased as a whole by these two ginseng components, and particularly maximal release by both of them was shown at the range of $10^4$~$10^6$%. These results were seemed to be caused by conformational change of $Ca^{2+}$ release channel protein (RyR) by red ginseng components [ginsenosides (total saponins and $Rg_1}$).

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.648-650
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• 2007

We demonstrate highly efficient White Polymer Electrophosphorescent Light-emitting Diode using newly developed green and red light emitting heteroleptic iridium complex, Ir-(pq)2tpy, and blue light emitting fluorescent dopant, BczVBi. The best luminous efficiency reached 28cd/A with maximum luminance of 87000cd/m2. The scheme for determining optimum device architecture and dopant concentrations were constructed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1993

HPLC/fluorescence detection method for the analysis of pancuronium bromide in biological fluids was developed. The method depends on the formation of insoluble red complex between pancuronium bromide and rose bengal in aqueous layer. This complex is quantitatively extracted from aqueous layer into chloroform layer. The complex is stable for 1 day in chloroform layer at room temperature. It was possible to analyze pancuronium bromide in the range of 0.05~0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml without the effect of co-prescribed drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.628-634
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• 2015

The ground red pepper puree was treated with cellulase (C treatment), pectinase (P treatment), amylase (A treatment) and/or enzyme complex (CP, CA, PA and CPA treatment) for 2~8 hours to improve the yield and bioactivity of extracts. And physicochemical and sensory properties of red pepper extracts were evaluated. The extraction yield of the control was 38.84%, which was lower than those of the enzyme treatments. And extraction yields of enzyme complex treatments were higher than that of single enzyme treatments. Especially, extraction yield was increased to 74.37% by cellulase + pectinase + amylase complex treatment (CPA treatment). The soluble solid and reducing sugar contents were higher in the extracts treated with enzymes compared with the control. CA and CPA treatment showed the highest soluble solid and reducing sugar contents. No significant changes in lightness, redness and yellowness of the control and the samples by enzyme treatments were observed during 2~8 hours experiments. The sensory evaluation results revealed that panelists preferred the extracts with enzyme treatments to the control. Therefore, enzyme treatment for red pepper extracts is a good method to improve the yield and sensory properties.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixture types which consist of different species on the dry matter(DM) yield, botanical composition and forage quality. The experimental design includes three mixture types: Conventional mixtures(orchardgrass 50% + tall fescue 20% + perennial ryegrass 10% + Kentucky bluegrass 10% + white clover 10%), complex mixtures(orchardgrass 40% + tall fescue 20% + perennial ryegrass 10% + Kentucky bluegrass 10% + redtop 10% + alfalfa 5% + red clover 5%) and simple mixtures(orchardgrass 80% + red clover 20%). The DM yield was higher in conventional mixtures(13,070kg/ha) than in other mixtures(p<0.05). In the chemical composition and dry matter digestibility, there was significant difference among mixtures. Crude protein content and dry matter digestibility were higher in complex mixtures than in other mixtures(p<0.05). But, the content of fibrous constituents was higher in conventional mixtures than in other mixtures. The yield of crude protein dry matter(CPDM) and digestible dry matter(DDM) were higher in complex mixtures than in other mixtures. In this experiment, DM yields and quality of mixture types were observed significant difference. therefore, the complex mixtures which combined various species were more effective in enhancing the dry matter digestibility(DMD) and digestible dry matter(DDM) yield.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.37.2-37.2
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• 2013

Recently it turns out that simple-looking elliptical galaxies and lenticular galaxies are more complex and intriguing than expected. One of the most surprising and intriguing findings in extragalactic studies during the last two decades is a discovery that color distribution of the globular clusters in these galaxies is bimodal, suggesting that there are two subpopulations: blue and red globular clusters. We present a determination of the two-dimensional shape parameters of the blue and red globular cluster systems (GCSs) in a large number of bright elliptical galaxies and lenticular galaxies. The position angles of both and red GCSs show a correlation with those of the stellar light distribution, showing that the major axes of the GCSs are well aligned with those of their host galaxies. However, the shapes of the red GCSs show a tight correlation with the stellar light distribution as with the rotation property of their host galaxies, while the shapes of the blue GCSs do much less. These provide clear geometric evidence that the origins of the blue and red globular clusters are distinct and that these galaxies may have dual halos: a blue (metal-poor) halo and a red (metal-rich) halo. These two halos show significant differences in metallicity, structure, and kinematics, indicating that they are formed in two distinguishable ways. The red halos might have formed via dissipational processes with rotation, while the blue halos are through accretion.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2012

Purpose: This study performed the oscillatory test using the texture analyzer to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of apples such as the storage modulus (E'), the loss modulus (E"), the complex modulus (${\mid}E^*{\mid}$) and the energy dissipated per cycle ($W_{diss}$). Methods: The sinusoidal deformation with the frequency of 1-10 Hz and the maximum displacement of 0.1 mm were applied to the flesh tissues of Fuji, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples. The Lissajous figure was used to measure the phase angle(${\delta}$) between stress and strain curve. Results: Trigger force was critical to the measurement of the phase angle. E', E", ${\mid}E^*{\mid}$ and Wdiss were measured using the Lissajous figure and the phase angle. The complex modulus of Golden Delicious apple was significantly lower than those of Fuji apple and Red Delicious apple. Conclusions: Apple flesh was exhibiting more elasticity at low frequency, and more viscosity at high frequency. Dynamic compressive properties of Fuji apple were similar to those of Red Delicious apple but significantly different from those of Golden Delicious apple.