DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Measurement of Dynamic Compressive Properties of Apples using the Oscillatory Test

  • Lee, Jong-Whan (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Tan, Jinglu (Dept. of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia) ;
  • Waluyo, Sri (Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, University of Lampung)
  • Received : 2012.02.06
  • Accepted : 2012.02.24
  • Published : 2012.02.25

Abstract

Purpose: This study performed the oscillatory test using the texture analyzer to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of apples such as the storage modulus (E'), the loss modulus (E"), the complex modulus (${\mid}E^*{\mid}$) and the energy dissipated per cycle ($W_{diss}$). Methods: The sinusoidal deformation with the frequency of 1-10 Hz and the maximum displacement of 0.1 mm were applied to the flesh tissues of Fuji, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples. The Lissajous figure was used to measure the phase angle(${\delta}$) between stress and strain curve. Results: Trigger force was critical to the measurement of the phase angle. E', E", ${\mid}E^*{\mid}$ and Wdiss were measured using the Lissajous figure and the phase angle. The complex modulus of Golden Delicious apple was significantly lower than those of Fuji apple and Red Delicious apple. Conclusions: Apple flesh was exhibiting more elasticity at low frequency, and more viscosity at high frequency. Dynamic compressive properties of Fuji apple were similar to those of Red Delicious apple but significantly different from those of Golden Delicious apple.

Keywords

References

  1. ASAE. 2002. ASAE Standards. 49th ed. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE.
  2. Gunasekaran, S. 2001. Nondestructive food evaluation. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Deker, Inc.
  3. Kim, K. B., M. S. Kim, H. M. Chung and S. D. Lee. 2003. Mechanical properties and ultrasonic parameters of the apple flesh while in storage. Journal of Biosystems Engineering 28(3):230-244 (In Korean).
  4. Kim, M. S. 2000. Mechanical properties of the apple flesh according to the specimen size. Journal of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering 1(1):43-48.
  5. Kim, M. S., H. M. Chung, J. M. Park and Y. H. Lee. 1999. Mechanical properties of apple and pear. Journal of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 24(3): 243-252 (In Korean).
  6. Kim, M. S., J. M. Park and D. S. Choi. 1992. Force-deformation characteristics of the fruit flesh. Journal of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 17(2):156-170 (In Korean).
  7. Lake, R. S. 2004. Viscoelastic measurement techniques. Review of scientific instruments 75(4):797-810. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1651639
  8. Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical properties of plant and animal materials. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
  9. Pitts, M., R. Cavalieri, S. Drake and J. Fellman. 1997. Evaluating apple firmness sensors. Journal of Tree Fruit Postharvest 8(4):13-22.
  10. Steffe, J. F. 1996. Rheological methods in food process engineering. 2nd ed. East Lansign, MI: Freeman Press.
  11. Zhang, G. 2005. Evaluating the viscoelastic properties of biological tissues in a new way. Journal of Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 5(1):85-90.

Cited by

  1. Hysteresis characteristics and relationships with the viscoelastic parameters of apples vol.9, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2015.09.005