• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.339-345
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• 2020

Background: Iliac artery aneurysm is frequently found in patients undergoing surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The use of commercial bifurcated grafts is insufficient for aorto-biiliac replacement with complete iliac artery aneurysm resection. We evaluated the effectiveness of handmade composite grafts for this purpose. Methods: A total of 233 patients underwent open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm between 2003 and 2019, including 155 patients (67%) treated with commercial grafts and 78 patients (33%) treated with handmade composite grafts. Their operative characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and late outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The early mortality rate did not differ significantly between the groups. On average, the handmade composite graft technique took approximately 15 minutes longer than the commercial graft technique (p=0.037). Among patients who underwent elective surgery, no significant differences between the conventional and composite groups were observed in the major outcomes, including red blood cell transfusion volume (2.8±4.7 units vs. 3.1±4.7 units, respectively; p=0.680), reoperation for bleeding (2.7% vs. 3.1%, respectively; p>0.999), bowel ischemia (0% vs. 1.6%, respectively; p=0.364), and intensive care unit stay duration (1.9±6.6 days vs. 1.6±2.4 days, respectively; p=0.680). The incidence of target vessel occlusion also did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: The increased technical demand involved with handmade composite grafting did not negatively impact the outcomes. This technique may be a viable option because it overcomes problems associated with commercial grafts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2007

We investigated the immunomodulatory actions of water extract from Acanthopanax senticosus in male ICR mice. The mice were treated with fermented milk containing three added doses of freeze dried extract: 3 mg/kg (A), 9 mg/kg (B), and 27 mg/kg (C) of body weight with Acanthopanax senticosus: Codonopsis lanceolata (8:2) for 7 and 10 weeks, respectively. Organ weights, plaque-forming cell tests, agglutination tests, IgG tests, differential white cell counts, and histological tests were performed at the 7th and 10th weeks of dietary treatment. There were no significant differences in body weight and organ weight. The spleen indices of group B at 7 weeks and group C at 10 weeks were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). For the plaque-forming cell test, groups B and C at 7 weeks, and group C at 10 weeks, showed significant increases over the control group (p<0.05). The agglutination test decreased with an extended experimental period. Groups A, B, and C at 7 weeks, and groups B and C at 10 weeks, had greater antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) than the control group. The IgG antibody production of group C at 7 weeks and groups B and C at 10 weeks were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). In groups B and C, lymphocyte percentage was higher than the control group, and their spleen and thymus tissues showed active immune reactions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 2009

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most commonly encountered viral pathogens in newborn infants and is found in 0.3-2.4% of all live births. It has been demonstrated that 40-96% of seropositive mothers shed the virus via their breast milk. Breast milk containing CMV can cause almost one-third of CMV infections occurring in infants. A case of postnatal CMV infection in an extremely premature infant (gestational age $24^{+5}$ weeks, birth weight 750 g) transmitted via breast milk is presented. For neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) management of severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and sepsis syndrome, the infant received repeated transfusions of platelets; intravenous (IV) immunoglobulins; and gamma- irradiated, filtrated packed red cells and was fed her mother's breast milk since the second week of life. CMV infection was diagnosed with positive CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and positive urine CMV culture at the second month of life. Considering the negative CMV IgM and urine CMV culture at birth, postnatally-acquired CMV infection was suspected and confirmed with completely identical nucleotide sequence alignments of the infantile blood isolate and the maternal breast milk isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first case of proven postnatal CMV infection transmitted via breast milk in an extremely premature infant in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2007

Duffy binding protein (DBP) plays a critical role in Plasmodium vivax invasion of human red blood cells. We previously reported a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) that was specific to P. vivax DBP (PvDBP). However, the stabilization and the half-life of scFvs have not been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of PEGylated scFvs on their biological activity and stability in vitro. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that three clones (SFDBII-12, -58, and -92) were formed as monomers (about 70 kDa) with PEGylation. Clone SFDBII-58 gave the highest yield of PEGylated scFv. Binding analysis using BIAcore between DBP and scFv showed that both SFDBII-12 and -58 were decreased approximately by two folds at the level of binding affinity to DBP after PEGylation. However, the SFDBII-92 clone still showed a relatively high level of binding affinity ($K_D=1.02{\times}10^{-7}\;M$). Binding inhibition assay showed that PEGylated scFv was still able to competitively bind the PvDBP and playa critical role in inhibiting the interactions between PvDBP protein expressed on the surface of Cos-7 cells and Duffy receptor on the surface of erythrocytes. When both scFvs and their PEGylated counterparts were exposed to trypsin, scFv was completely degraded only after 24 h, whereas 35% of PEGylated scFvs remained intact, maintaining their stability against the proteolytic attack of trypsin until 72 h. Taken together, these results suggest that the PEGylated scFvs retain their stability against proteolytic enzymes in vivo, with no significant loss in their binding affinity to target antigen, DBP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1445-1450
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed withdrawal (F) and heat acclimatization (A) on malebroiler and -layer chickens responses to acute heat stress (AHS) at four weeks of age. Totals of ninety male chicks of broiler or layer type were randomly allocated into 30 pens of grower batteries with raised wire floors. Chicks were subjected to F and A three times a week through the first three weeks of age. At each time, feed withdrawal and heat acclimatization (T = $35^{\circ}C$) lasted for six and four hours, respectively. Feed consumption (FC), body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly for broiler type chickens only. At four weeks of age, all groups of chickens were exposed to AHS (T = $39{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) for three hours. Before and after AHS challenge, body temperature (Tb), heterophil (H), and lymphocyte (L) counts were recorded, and H/L ratio was calculated. Antibody (Ab) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was assessed from all treatments without being exposed to AHS. Group F of broiler-type chickens weighed less (p<0.05) compared to control group. Also, both A and F groups of broiler-type chickens consumed less (p<0.05) feed when compared to control group. Acute heat stress elevated Tb of all treatment groups, however the increase was more profound (p<0.001) in broiler chicks. Broiler chicks of both A and F groups showed a tendency to have higher (p = 0.08) Tb when compared to control group. Acute heat stress elevated (p<0.001) H/L ratio in both types of chickens. Broiler chicks maintained higher (p<0.001) H/L ratio. Both F and A groups reduced (p<0.01) the level of elevation in H/L ratio compared to control groups of both types of chickens. Neither A nor F group affected the Ab production in response to SRBC. However, there was a tendency towards higher Ab responses in F group when compared to other groups in both types of chickens. Results of the present study demonstrate that previous history of feed withdrawal or episodes of heat exposures improved chicks'physiological withstanding of AHS and a tendency to improved humoral immune response.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2007

A novel screening strategy for salt-resistant antimicrobial peptides from a M13 peptide library was developed. Fusion of MSI-344, a magainin derivative and indolicidin to pIII coat proteins did not significantly affect viability of the recombinant phages, which indicated that the pIII could neutralize toxicity of the antimicrobial peptides and therefore it is possible to construct antimicrobial peptide library in Escherichia coli. On the basis of the conserved sequence of ${\alpha}$-helical antimicrobial peptides, a semi-combinatorial peptide library was constructed in which the peptides were displayed by pIII. To remove hemolytic activity from the library, the phages bound to red blood cells were removed, and the subtracted phage library was screened for binding to target bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus under high salt concentrations. The screened peptides showed relatively low antimicrobial activity against the target bacteria. However, antimicrobial activities of the screened peptides P06 and S18 were not affected by the cation concentrations of 150 mM $Na^+$, 2 mM $Mg^{2+}$ and 2 mM $Ca^{2+}$ without significant hemolytic activity. This screening strategy that is based on binding capacity to target cells provides new potential to develop salt-tolerant antimicrobial peptides.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.849-860
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• 1996

The supply of different fatty acids during the development period has significant effects. This study examined the effects of dietary $\omega$3 and $\omega$6 fatty acid compositions on phospholipids (PLs) of RBC and rat brain subcellular fractions (synaptosome, microsome, mitochondria), and on learning ability of the 2nd generation rat. Rats were fed experimental diets 3-4 wks prior to the conception. Early in the lactation period, the feeding mothers were exchanged. Diets consisted of 10% fat(by weight), which was either safflower oil('S') poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids or computer-searched mixed oil('M') with P/M/S ratio, 1/1.4/1 and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio, 6.1/1. The 'S' and 'M' rats were subdivided further into SS, SM, MS & MM rats according to their lactation stauts. At 3 (weaning) & 9 wks of age, the percentage of total $\omega$3 fatty acids to their lactation status. At 3 (weaning) & 9 wks of age, the percentage of total $\omega$3 fatty acids and the ratios of $\omega$3/$\omega$6 fatty acids in PLs of RBC and brain subcellular fractions in SM and MM groups fed milk from the mixed oil-fed mothers for 2 wks tended to be higher than those in SS and MS groups respectively. In contrast, the concentrations of $\omega$6 fatty acids, especially 22:5$\omega$6 in all fractions, were significantly lower in the SM & MM groups compared to those of the SS & MS groups respectively. In contrast, the concentration of $\omega$6 fatty acids, especially 22:5$\omega$6 in all fractions, were significantly lower in the SM & MM groups compared to those of the SS & MS groups, The values for the DHA$\omega$3/22:5$\omega$6 ratios after the lactation period were markedly higher in the groups (SM & MM) which were reared by mixed oil(MO) fed mothers. In carring out Y-water maze at 9th wk of age, the SM(4.2$\pm$0.5) & MM (5.3$\pm$0.5) groups made significantly less errors compared to the SS(6.2$\pm$0.6, p<0.05 compared with SM) & MM (7.2$\pm$0.5, p<0.05 compared with MM) groups which were lactated by the safflower oilfed mothers. Therefore, by feeding a balanced fatty acid diet from the lactation period up to 9 wks of age as compared with the groups fed $\omega$3 fatty acid-deficient diet regardless of mother's diet given before parturition. The levels of DHA(synaptosome) and 22:5$\omega$3 (mitochondria) were positively correlated not only with these values in RBC but also with visual discriminating ability. The levels of DHA and 22:5$\omega$3 in RBC can, therfore, reflect visual discriminatng ability in the rat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 1966

The antigenecity of somatic substances of S. pullorum standard strain and variant strain extracted byheat treatment, acid treatment and their modification, ammonium sulfate saturation (60 per cent), trypsin digestion was tested by indirest hemagglutination test and precipitation test and following results were optained. 1. Teatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for an hour of the bacteria could extract the antigen of S. pullorum standard strain and variant strain which was demonstrable by hemagglutination reaction with the human a group and chicken red blood cell. 2. Trypsin digestion was more enhanced its antigenecity in acid extracted antigen of S. pullorum variant strain compare with the S. pullorum standard strain. 3. The extracted antigenic substances of S. pullorum standard strain existed chiefly in the elicited fraction of precipitate at the treatment of ammonium sulfate saturation and after trypsin digestion, its antigenecity was demonstrated by hemagglutination. 4. At the treatment of ammonium sulfate treatment, did not occur the precipicate in acid extracted antigens of S. pullorum variant strain, however, the heal extracted antigen, positive reactions were obtained in both of the precipitate and supernatant fraction of the S. pullorum variant strain by hemagglutination reaction. After trypsin digestion, these fraction also exhibited positive reactions. 5. Precipitation test also tested dub could not detect in any soft of the antigens.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

Purpose: Controversy exists regarding whether pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients with microscopic hematuria should undergo radiographic evaluation. Adult patients have indications such as shock and deceleration injury. This study was conducted to suggest indications for the use of CT to detect significant renal injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients with microscopic hematuria. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2009, patients less than 18 years of age with blunt abdominal trauma and microscopic hematuria who had undergone CT were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the correlation between microscopic hematuria, shock, deceleration injury, and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury grade. Patients were divided into two groups: the insignificant renal injury group (AAST grade 1) and the significant renal injury group (AAST grades 2-5). We compared age, gender, mechanism of injury, degree of microscopic hematuria, evidence of shock, presence of deceleration injury, and associated injuries between the two groups. We analyzed the effect of each of the above each factors on renal injury by using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty-three children were included, and the median age was 15 years. Five children had a significant renal injury. No significant differences, except age and microscopic hematuria (more than 30 red blood cells per high power field (RBC/HPF), p = 0.005) existed between the insignificant and the significant injury groups. A positive correlation existed between renal injury and microscopic hematuria (rho = 0.406, p = 0.007), but renal injury was not correlated with shock and deceleration injury. In the multivariate regression analysis, microscopic hematuria was the only factor correlated with renal injury (p = 0.042). Conclusion: If a microscopic hematuria of more than 30 RBC/HPF exists, the use of CT should be considerd, regardless of shock and deceleration injury to detect significant renal injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.290-296
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• 2010

To develop anti-acidosis and anti-diabetes agentsfrom natural products, the inhibitory activities of Brazilian plant extracts against microbial $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase were evaluated. Among 100 different ethanol extracts tested, those of Acacia jurema Mart., Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil., Cedrela odorata L., and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam showed good inhibitoryactivities toward both enzymes. In addition, an extract of Plumeria drastica Mart. showed specific inhibition of $\alpha$-amylase, whereas that of Eugenia uniflora L. demonstrated strong inhibition of the enzyme. IC50 values of $\alpha$-amylase inhibition suggested that the extract of A. humile A. St.-Hil., which has been used as an anti-diabetes medicine in Brazil, had potent inhibitory activity. The IC50 for the A. humile A. St.-Hil. extract ($91.2{\mu}g/mL$) was similar to that of acarbose ($50.5{\mu}g/mL$). This activity of A. humile A. St.-Hil. was not reduced by heat or acid treatment. Moreover, treatment with HCl (0.01 M) for 1 h increased the inhibitory activity from 57.5% to 81.2%. Also, the extract did not cause hemolysis of human red blood cells at levels up to 1 mg/mL. The results indicate that the extract of A. humile A. St.-Hil. is potentially useful as an anti-acidosis and anti-diabetes agent.