• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.745-754
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• 2020

The dye marker Sudan Red 7B was tested as an effective and appropriate marking method for searching the territory of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, in Korea. The sensitivity of termites to the dye marker was evaluated by measuring the feed consumption amount, survival rate, retention time, and transfer efficiency of R. speratus according to the concentration and feeding period of Sudan Red 7B. As the concentration conditions of dye marker increase, Sudan Red 7B remarkably reduced the feed consumption of the termites. The survival rate was not significantly different from that of the control group (more than 90%), except when feed containing 1% or 2% concentrations of the dye marker was given for five days. The duration of the marking effect persisted for seven days, even at a concentration of 2% dye marker in the feed. No dye transfer by trophallaxis occurred between termites marked with Sudan Red 7B and unmarked termites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

This study was aimed to promote evergreen ferns native to Korea as a material for interior landscape by investigate effects of light quality on the growth of Cyrtomium falcatum and Rumohra aristata, in an indoor environment that artificial light was used, especially. Result of experiments are as follows; 1. Wavelengths were measured as control(=570~580nm), red(=600~610nm), yellow(=550~580nm), green(=500~510nm) and blue(=430~440nm) between different color film. The order of photon flux density was red>yellow>control>green>blue decreased. 2. Although there was no difference in the growth of Cyrtomium falcatum depending on light quality, in case of fronds with sori and new fronds, there were highest under red film. Fresh weight was no significant in all treatments, but dry weight was increased with green>control>yellow>blue>red in order. 3. In case of Rumohra aristata, there was no difference in its growth, however, number of total fronds was highest under green film. Although fresh weight was increased with yellow film, dry weight was highest under green film.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.296-299
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• 1977

The blue, green, and red colored polyethylene film was used as a covering material for house grown pepper production to compare with the white film. Plant height was the tallest in red PE house(78.8 cm) followed by white, blue, and green PE house. The leaf weight was 0.40g in white PE house and 0.39g in red PE house which was higher than the weight in blue and green PE house. Fruiting percentage was 48.0% and 46.1% in white and red PE house, respectively, however no fruit was set in blue and green PE house. The fruit weight was 3.32g and 2.81g, in red and white PE house, respectively. The K, Ca, Mg, and Fe content in the leaf was the lowest in plants grown in white PE house. The content of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe was the highest in plants grown in green PE house.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1605-1610
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powder or red pepper pigment on the performance and egg yolk color of laying hens. In Exp. 1, 210, thirty-wk old, Hy-line Brown laying hens were fed one of seven diets containing 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.0, 4.8 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment or 0.3 ppm carophyll red. Each diet was fed to three replicate batteries of hens with each battery consisting of a row of five cages of hens with two hens per cage (n = 3). In Exp. 2, 180, thirty-wk old, Hyline Brown laying hens, housed similarly to those in Exp. 1, were fed an unsupplemented basal diet as well as treatments in which the basal diet was supplemented with 0.8% red pepper powder processed in a laboratory blender to an average particle size of $300{\mu}m$, 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill ($44{\mu}m$) and finally 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill but mixed with 5% $Na_2CO_3$ either before or after grinding. A diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm carophyll red pigment was also included (n = 3). In both experiments, hens were fed the red pepper powder or pigment for 14 days. After feeding of the powder or pigment was terminated, all hens were fed the basal diet for eight more days to determine if the dietary treatments had any residual effects. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio due to inclusion of red pepper pigment in the diet. Average egg weight was higher (p<0.05) for birds fed 1.2, 2.4 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment than for birds fed the diet containing 0.3 ppm red pepper pigment. On d 14, egg color scores increased linearly as the level of red pepper pigment in the diet increased. In Exp. 2, feeding red pepper powder did not affect egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). However, compared with the control group, supplementation with all of the red pepper powder treatments increased egg weight (p<0.05). All the red pepper powder treatments also increased (p<0.05) the yolk color score compared with the control. The results of the present study suggest that both red pepper powder and pigment are effective feed additives for improving egg yolk color for laying hens.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2012

Objectives: This study used the basic principle of Oriental medicine, the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier principle (君臣佐使論) to investigate the effects of the component of ONGABO, which is composed of Ginseng Radix (Red Ginseng), Angelica Gigantis Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Cuscuta Semen and Curcumae tuber on the viability of HepG2 cells. Methods: Single and mixed extracts of the component of ONGABO were prepared by lypohilizing powder of Red Ginseng (6-year root from Kanghwa), Angelica Gigantis Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Cuscuta Semen, Curcumae Tuber (from Omniherb Co., Ltd., Korea) at the laboratory of herbal medicine in Woosuk University and were eluted after being macerated with 100% ethanol for three days. The cell viability of HepG2 was determined by using an absorptiometric analysis with PrestoBlue (Invitrogen) reagent after the plate had been incubated for 48 hours. All of the experiments were repeated three times to obtain the average value and standard deviation. The statistical analysis was done and the correlation factor was obtained by using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Origin 6.0 software. Results: Although Ginseng Radix (Red Ginseng) and Schisandrae Fructus did not enhance the viability of HepG2 cells, they were shown to provide protection of those cells. On the other hand, Angelica Gigantis Radix decreased the viability of HepG2 cells significantly, Cuscuta Semen and Curcumae Tuber had a small or no effect on the viability of HepG2 cells. Conclusions: In the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier principle (君臣佐使論), Ginseng Radix (Red Ginseng) corresponds to the sovereign component because it provides cell protection effects, Angelica Gigantis Radix corresponds to minister medicinal because it kills cells, Schisandrae Fructus corresponds to the assistant medicinal to help red ginseng having cell protect effects. Cuscuta Semen and Curcumae Tuber correspond to the courier medicinal having no effect in cell viability in HepG2. We hope this study provides motivation for advanced research on the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier principle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2006

The optimal culture conditions of Monascus purpureus MMK2 for production of red pigment were investigated in submerged culture. Monascus purpureus MMK2 showed a maximal production of red pigment in the medium containing of 3.0% wheat flour, $0.15%\;NaNO_3,\;0.25%\;Na_2HPO_4\;12H_2O$ and $0.15%\;MgSO_4\;7H_2O$. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and initial pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6.5, respectively. The red pigment production reached to a maximal level at 7th day of cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of Red Pepper (including seeds) for laying-hen'diet in summer. A total 240 birds of 37 week-old Manina Brown Hen was alloted to 4 treatments, 3 replications per treatment, according to complecately randomized design to find out the effects of adding levels (0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08%) of Red Pepper on laying Performance and e99 Quality of experimental birds for 10 weeks. The results obtained from this study were summaried as follows : 1) I班 shell thickness was different significantly among treatments, (P＜0.05). Especially, Ta was highest one. 2) Egg shell breaking strength was highly significant difference between C and $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ (p＜0.01). 3) Yolk color of $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ was higher than C (p＜0.01), but there was no significant difference between treatments. 4) Egg Production was slightly higher with adding Red Pepper, but the differences were no significant. 5) No significant differences were found in average egg weight among treatments.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2002

This study is the first attempt to understand the feeding physiology of a sea-urchin larva on a red-tide dinoflagellate. Fifteen day old larvae of S. intermedius capture C. polykrikoides cells by localized reversal of ciliary beats. No failure to transporte the algal cells from theciliated band to mouth and no rejection at the mouth suggest that C. polykrikoides has no feeding deterrence to S. intermedius larvae. The trend obtained for the clearance rate of S. intermedius larvae is similar to that of other sea urchin larvae. Thus, the clearance rate decreased as the algal concentration increased. Maximum clearance rate of S. intermedius on C. polykrikoides was 17.7 $\mu l$/larva/hr. Ingestion rate rapidly increased at lower algal concentrations and saturated at higher concentrations. There was no inhibition in ingestion rate at the highest prey concentration of ca. 3000 cells/ml. Maximum ingestion rate of S. intermedius on C. polykrikoides was 131 ngC/larva/d, which is higher than that reported for the larvae of the mussel Mytilus gal-lotrovincialis, but lower than that of the ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. The grazing rate, calculated by combining the field data on algal abundances with experimental data on ingestion rate, suggests that due to its low abundance, sea urchin Iarva has no significant grazing impact on C. polykrikoides population.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.501-507
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• 2004

Some selected fruit juices and fermented red grape juices were investigated to determine the phenolic components by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant capacity using α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method. Commercial red grape beverages and red wines were also analyzed as control groups. In the juice, kiwi fruit had the highest phenolic components followed by orange(summer), red grape(Cambell Early:Yonng-Chun), mandarin orange(autumn), apple(Hong-Ok), cherry tomato, tomato and water melon. Whereas, on the antioxidant efficiency, tomato showed the highest free radical scavenging effect followed by orange(summer), cherry tomato, mandarin orange(autumn), apple(Aori) red grape(Cambell Early:Sung-Ju), kiwi fruit and water melon. The amount of pheonlic components of red wine was 2 times of that of fermented sugar added grape juice, however, the antioxidant efficiency of fermented sugar added grape juice was almost the same as that of red wine. It was found that no clear relationship could be shown between the content of phenolic component and antioxidant capacity of fruit juices and fermented red grape juices. The fruit juices from tomato, orange, cherry tomato, mandarin orange, red grape and fermented sugar added red grape juice showed high free radical scavenging effect and should be regarded as a valuable source of antioxidant.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.535-539
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• 1996

The activation of phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline in plants as well as animals. To determine the presence of PLD in oat cells, we prepared inside-out plasma membrane and cytosolic fractions from oat tissues. PLD activities in both cytosol and plasma membrane were detected by ion chromatography method. The activity of PLD in plasma membrane was dependent upon $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and was heat stable. To investigate whether G-protein couples to PLD, the effects of $GTP{\gamma}S$ and $GDP{\beta}S$ on the PLD activity were measured. PLD activity was dramatically increased 300~400% in the presence of 50 ${\mu}M$ $GTP{\gamma}S$ but not in the presence of 50 ${\mu}M$ $GDP{\beta}S$. These results indicate that G-protein may be involved in regulation of PLD activity. To identify whether PLD is regulated by red light receptor, phytochrome, we irradiated red, far-red, or red/far-red/red light on oat protoplasts. PLD activity has increased 5-fold and 3-fold by treatment with red light and red/far-red/red light, respectively. In contrast, irradiation with far-red light had little or no effect on PLD activity. These results suggest that phytochrome regulates PLD activity through activation of G-protein in oat cells.