Journal of Pharmacopuncture (대한약침학회지)

KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE (대한약침학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analytical Research to Determine the effects of the Components of ONGABO on the Viability of HepG2 Cancer Cells by Using the Sovereign, Minister, Assistant and Courier Principle (君臣佐使論)

  • Received : 2012.08.01
  • Accepted : 2012.10.10
  • Published : 2012.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study used the basic principle of Oriental medicine, the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier principle (君臣佐使論) to investigate the effects of the component of ONGABO, which is composed of Ginseng Radix (Red Ginseng), Angelica Gigantis Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Cuscuta Semen and Curcumae tuber on the viability of HepG2 cells. Methods: Single and mixed extracts of the component of ONGABO were prepared by lypohilizing powder of Red Ginseng (6-year root from Kanghwa), Angelica Gigantis Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Cuscuta Semen, Curcumae Tuber (from Omniherb Co., Ltd., Korea) at the laboratory of herbal medicine in Woosuk University and were eluted after being macerated with 100% ethanol for three days. The cell viability of HepG2 was determined by using an absorptiometric analysis with PrestoBlue (Invitrogen) reagent after the plate had been incubated for 48 hours. All of the experiments were repeated three times to obtain the average value and standard deviation. The statistical analysis was done and the correlation factor was obtained by using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Origin 6.0 software. Results: Although Ginseng Radix (Red Ginseng) and Schisandrae Fructus did not enhance the viability of HepG2 cells, they were shown to provide protection of those cells. On the other hand, Angelica Gigantis Radix decreased the viability of HepG2 cells significantly, Cuscuta Semen and Curcumae Tuber had a small or no effect on the viability of HepG2 cells. Conclusions: In the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier principle (君臣佐使論), Ginseng Radix (Red Ginseng) corresponds to the sovereign component because it provides cell protection effects, Angelica Gigantis Radix corresponds to minister medicinal because it kills cells, Schisandrae Fructus corresponds to the assistant medicinal to help red ginseng having cell protect effects. Cuscuta Semen and Curcumae Tuber correspond to the courier medicinal having no effect in cell viability in HepG2. We hope this study provides motivation for advanced research on the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier principle.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the western pacific region. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007. p. 39, 257, 264.
  2. Kim SH, Kim HJ. Literature review on sovereign, minister, assistant and courier theory, the basic principle of oriental medicine formula. J EastWest Med. 1991;16(1):5-21.
  3. Yang JP, Yeo IS. A study on the origins of 'Korean ginseng'. Uisahak. 2004;13:1-19.
  4. Lee HJ, Lee YH, Park SK, Kang ES, Kim HJ, Lee YC, et al. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates the development of diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Metabolism. 2009;58(8):1170-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.015
  5. Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Di Buono M, et al. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18(1):46-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2006.04.003
  6. Hong CE, Lyu SY. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Korean red ginseng extract in human keratinocytes. Immune Netw. 2011;11(1):42-9. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2011.11.1.42
  7. Fishbein AB, Wang CZ, Li XL, Mehendale SR, Sun S, Aung HH, et al. Asian ginseng enhances the antiproliferative effect of 5-fluorouracil on human colorectal cancer: comparison between white and red ginseng. Arch Pharm Res. 2009;32(4):505-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-009-1405-9
  8. Hwang SY, Son DJ, Kim IW, Kim DM, Sohn SH, Lee JJ, et al. Korean red ginseng attenuates hypercholesterolemia- enhanced platelet aggregation through suppression of diacylglycerol liberation in highcholesterol- diet-fed rabbits. Phytother Res. 2008;22(6):778-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2363
  9. Kim H, Oh I, Park KH, Kim NM, Do JH, Cho Y. Stimulatory effect of dietary red ginseng on epidermal hydration and ceramide levels in ultraviolet-irradiated hairless mice. J Med Food. 2009;12(4):746-54. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1185
  10. Lee SI. [Herbology]. 2nd ed. Seoul: Suseowon; 1981. Chapter 2, BOHYULBOYINYAK; p. 101-2. Korean.
  11. Ahn JC, Moon JY, Lim JK. [Antioxidant effects of A.G.R.(Angelicae gigantis Radix) aqua-acupuncture solution (2)]. The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 1997;14(1):383-96. Korean.
  12. Lee GH, Kang SS, An WG, Lee YS, Kwon YK, Shin SW. [Comparison of immune promotion effects of waterextracted angelicae gigantis, rehmanniae radix, paeoniae japonica and polygoni multiflori radix]. Korean J Oriental Phsiology & Pathology. 2006;20(6):1507-15. Korean.
  13. Kim YS. [Study on the effects of angelicae sinensis radix on thrombosis]. Kor J Herbology. 2000;15(1):53-7. Korean.
  14. Jang SI, Kim HJ, Hwang KM, Pae HO, Yun YG, Chung HT, et al. [Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of angelica uchiyamana in activated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages]. The Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription. 2002;10(2):189-97. Korean.
  15. The department of herbology college of oriental medicine. [Herbology]. 2nd ed. Seoul: Younglimsa; 1992. Chapter 18, SUSAPYAK; p. 622-3. Korean.
  16. Lee SI, Ahn DG, Shin MG. [Herbs clinical practice]. Seoul: Seongbosa; 1992. Chapter 11, ; p. 431-3. Korean.
  17. She CX. Study on the synthesis of phenylpropanoid class C in schisandra chinensis. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 1982;17:32.
  18. Lee JH, Yang HW, Bak SM, Yoo KS. [Effect of schisandrae fructus on cultured mouse cerebral neurons damaged by hydrogen peroxide]. Korean J Oriental Physiology & Pathology. 2003;17(1):101-4. Korean.
  19. Cho HY, Yoon JS, Seo BM, Lee SY, Kim SW, Baek JH, et al. [The scavenging effect on NO, DPPH and inhibitory effect on IL-4 in schizandrae fructus herbalacupuncture solution]. The Korean Journal of Meridian & Acupoint. 2003;20(1):45-55. Korean.
  20. Shin HS, Kim EH, Kim CJ. [Anti-anemic effect of aqueous extracts of fructus schisandrae on phenylhydrazineinduced hemolytic anemia in female spraguedawley Rats]. The Journal of Korean Meridian & Acupoint. 2002;19(1):69-77. Korean.
  21. Doo IS, Lim KS, Hwang CY, Park MC, Kim NK. [A Study on the melanin synthesis inhibition and whitening effect of schizandrae fructus]. The Journal of Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology. 2007;20(3):51-62. Korean.
  22. The department of herbology college of oriental medicine. [Herbology]. Seoul: Younglimsa; 1994. Chapter 17, BOYIKYAK. p. 568-9. Korean.
  23. Lee MY, Jun SJ. [Effect of cuscutae extract on experimentally induced liver damage in rabbits]. J Korean Soc Food Nutr. 1989;18(3):333-7. Korean.
  24. Bao X, Wang Z, Fang J, Li X. Structural features of an immunostimulating and antioxidant acidic polysaccharide from the seeds of cuscuta chinensis. Planta Med. 2002;68(3):237-43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-23133
  25. Jin SS, Whang EH, Kim HC, Kim CS, Oh KS, Han JH. [Study on the effect of semen cuscute]. The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine. 2002;12(1):167-77. Korean.
  26. Ahn YM, Park HS. [Effects of aqua-acupuncture with woolgum on the recovery of liver injury in rats]. The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 1998;15(2):237-53. Korean.
  27. Oh HI, Park HB, Ju MS, Jung SY, Oh MS. [Comparative study of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities between curcumae longae radix and curcumae longae rhizoma]. Kor J Herbology. 2010;25(1):83-91. Korean.
  28. You YO, Yu HH, Jeon BH, Jeong SI, Cha JD, Kim SM, et al. [Antibacterial activity of curcuma longa L.against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus]. Korean Journal of Oriental Physiology & Pathology. 2003;17:574-9. Korean.
  29. Ahn KS, Sim WS, Kim IH. Decursin: a cytotoxic agent and protein kinase C activator from the root of angelica gigas. Planta Med. 1996;62(1):7-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957785
  30. Lee JB, Lee BR. [Study on the anti-metastasis and effects of immune-response of aqua-acupuncture with cuscutae semen infusion solution]. The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2001;18(3):94-104. Korean.

Cited by

  1. A network pharmacology approach to establish the pharmacological mechanism of JiaWeiXianJiTang on inflammatory bowel disease vol.6, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.853