• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2010

The influence of red lead($Pb_3O_4$) to curing and formation reaction properties when it was added in positive material of lead acid battery for vehicle use has been investigated. At the results, it was confirmed that the addition of red lead led 4BS crystal size to be smaller and increased the rates of 4BS formation and Pb consumption. Consequently the curing time was shortened to half compared with that of red lead-free one. In addition to this, the lead acid battery prepared by adding red lead showed 14% higher efficiency at the life cycle test than that without red lead.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1998

In this study, the adhesive effect, blistering behavior and electrochemical polarization behavior of red lead film by the pretreatment work of sandblasting and potassium chromate($K_2CrO_4$) were investigated to prevent the corrosion of gas storage tank under marine environment. The main results obtained are as follows : 1) The adhesive effect of red lead film by the pretreatment work of sandblasting and potassium chromate is more improved than that of red lead film. 2) The blistering occurrence of red lead film by the pretreatment work of sandblasting and potassium chromate is more delayed than that of red lead film. 3) As the anodic potential is increased, corrosion current density of red lead film by the pre treatment work of sandblasting and potassium chromate is lower drained than that of red lead film.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.127-130
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• 2011

This study is concerned with the integrated aluminum trusses on the economic analysis of the study, and aluminum truss beam zinc red lead of the economy when compared beam total amount of red lead zinc beam 54,000 won 52,000 won 58,000 won Aluminum beam Red lead to over beam 2,000 won, 6,000 won lower than that for zinc are believed to be beam. This material is aluminum and the other beam expensive than the material costs of aluminum and an easy construction method beam attribute part of the low cost of labor and overall cost compared to the red lead beam zinc were identified as having competitive prices.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2010

Lead (Pb) is a metal that is generally considered to be toxic to the cardiovascular system. Pb-exposed animals display the evidence of increased oxidative stress and hypertension. The current study was designed to examine whether Korean red ginseng (KRG) has protective effects against Pb-induced hypertension and oxidative stress in Pb-exposed rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to Pb exposure or control groups. KRG was administered in drinking water at a concentration of 100 mg/kg/day; the control group received plain drinking water. Animals in the Pb-exposed groups were provided with drinking water containing 100 ppm Pb acetate for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, plasma glutathione, blood Pb concentration, and hematologic data, such as red blood cell quantity, were determined. Pb poisoning was assessed by measuring the blood Pb concentration. Pb exposure (100 ppm) for 12 weeks resulted in a marked rise in systolic blood pressure and blood Pb concentration, as well as a significant reduction in plasma glutathione levels and red blood cell quantity. Other measurements, such as heart rate, body weight, and white blood cell quantity, were unchanged. Treatment with KRG significantly lowered blood pressure, raised plasma glutathione and increased red blood cell numbers in Pb-exposed animals; it also had no effect on heart rate, body weight, or white blood cell quantity. However, the elevated blood Pb concentration was not reduced by treatment with KRG (100 mg/kg). Taken together, these data indicate that treatment with KRG in Pb-exposed animals can reduce oxidative stress and lower blood pressure, suggesting that KRG might be protective against Pb-exposed hypertension and oxidative stress.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2004

The color change of lead-containing pigments is one of the most serious diseases in watercolor, oil paintings and wall paintings. These pigments have a tendency to darken or brighten. It was proved that oxidation of lead containing pigments in the formation of brown-colored lead dioxide is a photochemical reaction under high humidity conditions. Therefore, we carried out some analogic experiments on the color change of three typical lead containing pigments ; $Pb_3O_4$, Pbo and $PbCo_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$ at the conditions of illuminations under the high humidity ($2PbCo_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$ R. H.). The reason for the chemical reactions are discussed and the results of these experiments are shown in some spectrograms, micrographs and X-ray micro-diffraction patterns. Important conclusions were drawn in our research. Due to the formation of brown $PbO_2$, red lead $(Pb_3O_4)$ and massicot (PbO) turned brown or dark when they were illuminated light under high humidity. We noticed that the brightening of red lead occurred d to admixture with chalk or lead white in egg yolk or linseed oil medium on exposure to light. Lead white used in oil paintings turned yellowish on dark.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.359-385
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• 2005

Red ocher, red lead or cinnabar has been as red colorant for ages. Cinnabar of the red pigments has been highly regarded as a valuable ingredient because it represent a symbol of exorcising and a haute image. It was used as a pigment of painting and mural painting, bowl, clothes, rock writing, gravestone, etc. It is powder which dissolves in perilla oil or glue before using. Because it is high-priced, the use of cinnabar may be limited to the privileged class. Therefore, red ocher or red lead was used instead of cinnabar. "Gongsagyunmunrok" demonstrated that government official's gravestonea has been painted red by two colorants in the period of the Goryeo dynasty. However, cinnabar may be used to paint gravestones for the first time in the period of the Three States because it has been transmitted since the times. This study discuss the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments used on the red pigments of the Stone Monuments. The results can be briefly summarized as below; First, the microcrystalline structures seen on the surface section of analyzed pigments, samples of which were taken from various parts of red pigments show that different sizes and shapes of pigment particle. Second, a result of the analysis on the composition and structure of the pigments shows that the main components in their composition are : Red pigments - Red lead($Pb_3O_4$), Cinnabar(HgS) and Hematite($Fe_2O_3$) White pigments - Calcite($CaCO_3$) Especially, we knew that red Stone Monuments were found to be natural mineral pigments, which were used as a singular or a mixture.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1980

To shield the radiation, we can make use of various materials, but the scattered rays can be caused by the shielding materials. The degree of the scattered rays production is influenced by the nature of the shielding materials and the energy of the radiation, therefore to choose the proper shielding material is the most important matter in radiation protection. Authors made an experimental study on the scattered rays generated from the shielding materials, and obtained the results as follows: 1. In the ranking of the scattered rays production: Cement bricks, black colored fire bricks, and red colored fire bricks were marked the first the second, and the third ranking respectly, and the last order was lead plates. 2. In the relative ranking of the scattered rays production by energy increase: Lead plates were marked the first order, the next and third order were red colored fire bricks and black colored fire bricks respectly, and cement bricks were marked the last order. 3. The scattered ray ratio of lateral-back point per lateral point were generally decreased by energy increment. The diminishing orders were that lead plates were the first order, and the next and the third order were red colored fire bricks and black colored fire bricks respectly, cement bricks were marked the last order.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to investigate the removal characteristics of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) by adsorption on red mud and to study the adsorption characteristics of Cd and Pb using red mud activated by acid treatment and calcination. The adsorption of Cd and Pb on red mud was significantly achieved within 1hour and equilibrated after 5 hours. The adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb on red mud increased with increasing pH. The neutralization of red mud by distilled water or acid and the activation of red mud by acid treatment or calcination decreased the adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb on red mud, suggesting that Cd and Pb could be effectively eliminated by adsorption on red mud without any pretreatment or modification. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were successfully applied to describe the adsorption behavior of Cd and Pb on red mud. The $q_m$ of Langmuir adsorption model and $K_F$ of Freundlich adsorption model were 5.230mg/g and 1.118mg/g for Cd and 22.222mg/g and 7.241mg/g for Pb, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1984

The protective effects of high levels of dietary iron, copper, zinc or protein on lead toxicity were studied In chicks. Growth retardation, reduction of feed intake, anemia and accumulation of lead in the bone and kidney were observed in chicks fed a diet containing 500mg lead as chloride per kg of feed for 42 days. Early changes due to ingested lead were inhibition of red blood cell ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase at all doses and no effect of iron, copper, zinc or protein addition were observed. Tibia lead accumulation was reduced in chicks receiving additional dietary iron or zinc compared to the lead only group but increased in chicks given supplementary protein. Decreased body weight gain was overcome by supplementary zinc or protein in chicks fed lead but not by supplementary iron. Overall the results of this study show that lead poisoning can be partly reduced by providing supplementary iron, zinc or protein, but the interaction of these element remained to be elucidated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 2006

The use of pine bark, a natural adsorbent prepared from Korean Red Pine (Pinus densifloral), was studied for its adsorption behavior of lead ion from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were carried out on lead ion concentrations of 10mg/L. Adsorption of lead ion could be described by both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Treatment of the bark with nitric acid greatly increased initial adsorption rate, and equilibrium sorption capacity increased by approximately 48%. A pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted well for the kinetic behavior of lead ion adsorption onto the bark. Acid-treated bark demonstrated its adsorption capacity quite close to that of granular activated carbon. Results of this study indicated that ion exchange and chelation were involved in the adsorption process.