• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.177-186
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• 2005

Today the tastes of consumers change rapidly and the kinds of the products become diverse. Therefore the product life cycle becomes shorter and shorter. Moreover the save of resources and the recycling for the environmental preservation are the essential theme. On this the necessary information for the product development increases enormously. For the right use of the information the design process should be supported by the proper design tool. For this the 'design catalogue system for recycling' is suggested here. This system consists of four parts, that is, 'the existing automobile system database', 'working principle database', 'assessment system of the ease of disassembly' and 'one's own product development database'. By the use of this system the product development period could be reduced about $30\%$ drastically.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-180
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the main characteristics of the environment-friendly design expressed in Koran fashion. Environment-friendly design can be categorized into choice of material, extension of products life cycle, and recycling design. In this study, Korean fashion designers can be found having the conciousness of environment for fashion design since 1990. First, in choice of material, the designers used Natural fibers which are cotton, linen, wool, and etc, and used natural dyes. Some of the designers have moved from using real fur to using fake fur for animal welfare. But fake furs produced from synthetic or regenerated fibers have the environmental problems during textile production processes. Some of the designers used fake leather made from the skins of an edible fish which are otherwise going to waste. Secondly, Design for extension of products life cycle can economize the resources and energy. Design for extension of products life cycle are classified into reversible clothing, many function clothing, modular style, patina clothing, simple style, and layered look. Finally, recycling design are classified into recycling of daily necessaries and expression techniques of recycling design which are designer's works used patchwork, mash techniques, and handmade of knits or buttonhole stitch.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2023

The cosmetics industry faces a significant challenge in addressing the decreased recycling rate of cosmetic containers due to the composite materials used to meet consumers' aesthetic satisfaction. To address thees issues, eco-friendly packaging solutions such as refill packaging and single-material use have been developed. However, the market for eco-friendly cosmetics packaging requires a product that meets consumers' demands for aesthetics, sensitivity, and eco-friendliness while also performing as well as existing products. This study presents a solution to the challenge of the decreased recycling rate of cosmetic containers by developing a new cosmetic packaging product for cream formulations. The product features an easily separable and dischargeable internal refill container, while maintaining the design aesthetics of the external container. Through various tests, the product was shown to be of equivalent quality and performance to existing cream cosmetic packaging, with no leakage or defects observed. Furthermore, the use of a single-material polypropylene refill container is expected to contribute to the improvement of the plastic recycling rate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.482-487
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• 2013

The new recycling technology for aged aluminum wires in overhead conductor have been carried out. We are attempting to develop remanufacturing method for them for more effective way of recycling in stead of its conventional remelting process. The drawing process of aged aluminum wires play a role in remanufacture process. Drawing process was performed under lubricant. The speed of drawing was between 500 m/min and 1,000 m/min. These machines have 11 or 12 dies house for breakdown of the feedstock. Material of the die is tungsten carbide and they have generally 25% reduction ratio. The paper investigates the mechanical properties during drawing process of aged aluminum wire. The results of tensile tests and microscopic analysis were discussed to underscore the hardening features of drawing aluminum wire. Various graphs are presented accompanied by discussion about their relevance on the process.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.614-618
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• 2006

Recycling of asphalt including shingle is much important for economic aspects such as a decrease of treatment cost. This research was carried out in order to process the recycled shingle to asphalt concrete which is a pavement material. Pure asphalt and the mixture of recycled asphalt were tested in terms of the thermal characteristics, viscosity, and penetration. DSC analysis indicates that the thermal characteristics of separate shingle showed similar properties regardless of processing conditions. Melting of asphalt separated from shingle occurred at $170^{\circ}C$. The viscosity and penetration of the 1~5 wt% of mixed recycling asphalt and raw material asphalt are suitable for the pavement material standard.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.699-710
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• 2019

Electric vehicles (EVs) are spreading rapidly and many counties are promoting hybrid and fully EVs through legislation. Therefore, an increasing amount of lithium ion batteries will reach the end of their usable life and will require effective and sustainable end-of-life management plan which include landfill disposal or incineration. The current research focuses on more sustainable methods such as remanufacturing, reuse and recycling in order to prepare for future battery compositions and provide insights to the need recycling methods to be developed to handle large amounts of batteries sustainably in the near future. The two most prominent material recovery techniques are hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy which are explored and assessed on their relative effectiveness, sustainability, and feasibility. Hydrometallurgy is a superior recycling method due to high material recovery and purity, very low emissions, high prevalence of chemical reuse and implementation of environmentally sustainable compounds. Expanding recycling technologies globally should take the research and technologies pioneered by Umicore to establish a sustainable recycling program for end-of-life EVs batteries. Emerging battery technology of Telsa show the most effective designs for high performance batteries includes the use of silicon which is expected to increase capacity of batteries in the future.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

In this study, eco efficiency analysis is performed to analyze Neodymium (Nd) containing permanent magnet recycling process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) are used to apply eco efficiency analysis. In the environmental aspects, global warming potential (GWP) of 1kg permanent magnet is 1.25E + 00 kg $CO_2$ eq. and abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP) is 1.10E - 02 Sb eq. This recycling process costs about 2130 KWR. Environmental efficiency of GWP is at 6.43 and ADP is at 5.32 when compared with vigin metal. Economic efficiency is at 6.74. This study confirms that Nd containing permanent magnet recycling process is sustainable system because of environmental and economical improvement.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.62-67
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• 2014

Used metallic can should be recycled from the point of view of environmental preservation and resource recycling. Metallic can is one of EPR items, and classified into steel can and aluminum can according to the can body material. In Korea about eighty percent of metallic cans are made of steel. In this article, production of cans and current status on domestic recycling of used metallic cans in recent years(2008-2012) were surveyed. Recycled ratio by weight of used steel and aluminum cans was about 80.8% and 81.8%, respectively in 2012. Totally it reached 81.8%.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2009

Awareness of resource conservation and pollution prevention has been continually increasing. The proven benefits from CFRP's unique combination of light weight and high strength compare to conventional material is well suited for minimizing fuel consumption during vehicle in particular rail operation. Responding the awareness, this work intends to study CFRP's recycling method that is not only technical performance but also environmental view point. According to prior work of technical performance test, this work aims at quantifying the footprint of energy and GHG derived from the two appreciated performance of pyrolysis and acids recycling methods. The streamline LCA is the concept for systematic assessment. The boundary is scoped at the recycling activity, consequently, the data in and out from the specific target activity are obtained under the gate to gate data collection. Its function is recovery carbon fiber. To count and compare function, functional unit is set at 60% of recycling rate. Korea database is mainly source for acquiring the footprint of both. The numerical results presented that the energy footprint of acids and pyrolysis is 164.95 and 1,199.88 MJ-eq., respectively. Meantime, the GHG footprint of is 1,196.22 and 5,916.08 g CO2 eq. for acids and pyrolysis. In summary, the acids recycling method is, in regarding the environmental performance, better than pyrolysis recycling method.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.107-125
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• 1998

Focusing on 'reuse' with a view to the importance of unused cloths, this paper investigates the aspects of consumers' recycling attitudes regarding the cause and treatment of unused clothes. This research examines the responsibilities for recycling from the standpoint of consumers, and shows their requirements and advice to consumers themselves, clothing companies as the subject of production and the government and society. Considering the pattern of clothing life, this research deals with housewives who live I Seoul, Sung-nam and Choong-ju. After several pretests, the content and format of this questionnaire is revised and added. This investigation is carred by individual interviews and reponders' filling-out, from 24 November 1997 to 5 January 1998. Among the total 1,200 questionnaires, 1,150 sheets are taken back, but only 1,132 are available to analysis. The results are as follows: Most of all, among the causes of unused clothes, the problem of clothes itself is stemmed from the more responsibility of clothing companies rather than consumers'. From production to sale the companies, considering environment and recycling, should choose proper cloth material and adequate design. And then they require the consumers' attention to laundry and conservation. More important, consumers' attitudes should be changed because consumers themselves, in fact, recognize their responsibilities for recycling of clothing, from the questionnaire. After all, the recycling of clothing should lead to reduction of unused clothes as a fundamental solution. When it comes to unused clothes, its elimination pays more money and needs specialization. Moreover, citizens should participate in the problem independently and more information on the policies of recycling should be well-informed.