• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Paper packaging materials are essential in protection and transportation of commercial or industrial products. Raw materials for packaging paper production are mainly obtained from various grades of waste paper. For this reason, the recycled fibers from waste paper would probably have possibility of containing heavy metals. This study was focused on the development of optimum pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury. The optimum pre-treatment for open digestion system were obtained at the treatment conditions of acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2$ or $HNO_3/H_2SO_4$ at $80^{\circ}C$. The optimum pre-treatment conditions in closed digestion system were determinated by the acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2/HF$ in microwave at 320 W for 20 min. The recovery rate in open digestion system was 85~94% and in closed digestion system was indicated as about 100%. Therefore, the closed system is superior than the open system in pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury, and the detected mercury contents in the sample of KOCC, AOCC and kraft sack paper were measured below 1 ppm.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2015

There are two kinds of cartons for beverage packaging, one is aseptic brick (AB) type and the other is gable top (GT). In this study, AB and GT were used as a raw material of recycled paper to investigate the recyclability at their varied blending ratios. Fiber consistency at pulping decreased as the blending ratio of AB increased. As a result, a lot of fines were generated from AB and flakes from GT increased because shear force in pulper decreased. Bulk of handsheets was more than $2.0cm^3/g$, and ISO brightness decreased as the blending ratio of AB increased. The best condition to recycle beverage cartons is to discriminate each cartons separately because of differences in the composition. However, there are problems such as the limit of the collection system and social costs. Therefore, it is assumed that the blending ratios of AB should be adjusted at less than 20% for effective recycling of beverage cartons.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2019

Large amounts of sludge produced by paper mill industries represent one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Recently, beekeepers living in the neighborhood of the paper mill in Hwasan County, Youngcheon city, GB, Korea, became alarmed that honey bee colonies were dying off suddenly across the neighborhood. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity (oral, fumigation, repellent) of recycled solid paper mill sludge (SPMS) and leachate paper mill sludge (LPMS) to honey bee workers under laboratory conditions, and to analyze the volatile organic compounds(VOC). The SPMS and LPMS were separately subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) at three temperatures to extract VOC(highest VOC yields: 1.52% SPMS and 0.34% LPMS). A total of 70 chemicals were detected in the VOC of paper mill sludges, of which 49 and 21 volatile organic compounds from SPMS and LPMS, respectively. The SPMS was dominated by high degree presence of stanols (saturated sterols), such as cholestanol, cholestan-3-ol and also saturated hydrocarbons. However, LPMS was characterized by the absence of sterols. Both SPMS and LPMS showed an influence on the olfactory behavior of honey bee on Y-tube assay, with repulsion rates of 72 and 68%, respectively. Both SPMS and LPMS at concentration of 100mg/mL caused higher honey bee oral mortality than the untreated controls at 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after treatment(highest oral mortality at 120 hr: 85.74%(SPMS); 93.51 % (LPMS)). A similar pattern was observed when honey bees were tested to fumigant toxicity. Both SPMS and LPMS caused significant higher mortality than the untreated control 24 hour after the exposure (highest fumigation mortality at 120 hr: 69.4% (SPMS); 56.8% (LPMS)). These preliminary results indicated that paper mill sludge could be partly responsible for sudden death and disappearance of honey bees, especially in hot humid summer days. With climate change, the risk of environmental chemical exposure to honey bee would pose greater attention.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2005

Hwaseonji(Korean traditional paper) used for writing and painting has been made from the mulberry bast-fiber and the short-length fiber pulps, wood pulps. However, besides wood pulps, other short-length fiber pulps also can be used instead of wood pulps. Hence, this research was carried out to make the various Hwaseonjis with the different properties, using the five kinds of short-length fiber pulps respectively. The short-length fiber pulps used in this research were softwood bleached kraft pulp(SwBKP) hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HwBKP), rice-straw bleached sulfite pulp(RsBSP), bamboo bleached kraft pulp(BbBKP) and recycled pulp from vellem paper(RP). And, the mixture ratios of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and short-length fiber pulps were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80. After various Hwaseonjis were made from different mixtures mentioned above with hand-made method, physical properties and chinese ink blot property of each paper were measured. The strengthes were the highest in the Hwaseonji made from the mixture of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and SwBKP. However, chinese ink blot property and smoothness were better when RsBSP, BbBKP or RP were mixed into the mulberry bast-fiber pulp. As a result, the various kinds of Hwaseonjis which the users can choose based on their needs were made.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.22-40
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• 2015

Cellulose fibers is one of the most abundant in nature. It has many distinctive features: abundant in nature, biodegradable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, sustainable, easy to fabricate, hydrophilic, and cost-effective. Cellulose fibers, known as pulp, is produced from cellulose-containing materials by the pulping process. As the raw material, wood has been most commonly used while recycled pulp has been also used to some degree. Thus, pulp usually refers to wood pulp. Generally, the pulp and paper industry is regarded as the commodity market where the cost should be much more important than the quality. It also belongs to a mature market where the growth is slow, or even in decline. Accordingly, technological development has been rather stagnant for the industry. Recently, however, the pulp and paper industry has faced very serious challenges. First, due to digital technology, there has been a steady decline in the need for pulp and paper products. The digital industry has continuously replaced printed products such as books, newspapers, and magazines. Second, there has been a trend initiated by developed countries to limit the use of wood as the raw material for the sake of environmental protection. This forces the industry to find a more efficient use of wood pulp as well as finding alternative, non-wood sources. Third, as an individual becomes wealthier and more conscious of health-care, the quality of a product becomes more important than the cost. Thus, a paradigm shift is needed from the cost-conscientious to the quality conscientious. The objective of this article is to review the technologies aimed at engineering cellulose fibers for producing high-value added paper products.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

Confocal Reflection Microscopy (CRM) was applied to investigate external fibrillation of different types of fibers such as Kajaani reference fiber, Whatman filter fiber, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and recycled TMP fiber. It was confirmed that the CRM images are created from surface structures of the fiber cell wall. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) captured overall shape of the fiber, but minute details of the surface of the fiber were missed. CRM captured the minute details of the fiber surface. From the CRM and CLSM images, it was observed that the CRM images mainly appeared on the fiber surfaces. External fibrillation of the fiber occurs at the fiber surface, not inside the cell wall. Thus, it was concluded that investigation on the external fibrillation of the fiber was possible by utilizing CRM images. A direct qualtitative and quantitative method for analysis of external fibrillation of fiber was demonstrated by utilizing surface area to volume ratio, volume fraction, and roughness calculated from 3-dimensional images reconstructed from stacks of CRM images from the different fibers.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

In this work, the non-ionic polyethylene oxide(PEO)/phenolic formaldehyde resin(PFR) retention system, which was less affected by furnish charge, was analyzed for possibility and effectiveness when using recycled stock. When the micropolymer was added at the PEO/PFR retention system and the PAM/bentonite retention system, performance of retention and drainage was improved. When the cationic micropolymer was added on the PEO/PFR retention system, the highest retention was achieved. The Polyacrylamide(PAM)/bentonite system induced flocculation of white pitch by electrostatic flocculation. On the other hand, the non-ionic PEO/PFR retention system induced less flocculation of white pitch than the PAM/bentonite retention system.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1280-1292
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• 2009

In the current fashion design, the 'environmental friendliness' affects the practically and conceptuality in all industry and culture sectors. This study seeks to examine specific design elements as the content of design factors in environment oriented fashion. The subjects of this paper are studied through scholarly journals that are confined to those from 1990 (when naturalism and ecology trends started to be in fashion) to February 2009. This study used 'Naturalism', 'Green', 'Environment-friendly', 'Eco', 'Sustainable', 'Well-being' and 'Lohas' as key words for the literature search. The analysis is performed through a content analysis and the unit of analysis is based upon the adjectives, nouns, and phrases related to the content of the design elements such as line, color, and textiles. In the results, more expression is natural, minimal, transformable, and sportive style in line, YR, white, soft, pale, and dull tone in color. The prominent textiles and texture were natural fabrics, environment-friendly fabrics, recycled fabrics, natural dyeing, functional finishes, rustic surfaces, flexibility, and extensibility. The results of this paper will help in future fashion design product development for environment-friendly fashion brands.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Neutral sizing is required for linerboard to solve the troubles in strength and process caused by recycled raw materials. AKD sizing efficiency can be influenced by process condition like white water quality, fines retention and so on. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate sizing performance of general and fast cure type AKDs using process water obtained from linerboard mill. To evaluate effect of process water quality on AKD sizing, white water was diluted with tap water at the different dilution ratios and UKP slurry was sized using the prepared water. Also, effects of inorganic and organic ion material on sizing were examined. When white water was used for stock forming, UKP sheet showed very low sizing degree. Sizing degree of sheet was increased with increase of dilution ratio because water quality was improved. Especially anionic organic material had a greater influence on AKD sizing than inorganic material. When white water quality was deteriorated, fast cure type AKD showed superior sizing performance to general type AKD.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

The extraction properties of the biological waste originated from the Tobacco industry were evaluated. The biological waste have been recycled and transformed into a valuable material, so called a reconstituted tobacco sheet(Recon) by the papermaking process. In this process, The mechanical extraction process, which divides the mixed raw material slurry into the soluble stock and the insoluble stock, could affect not only the quality of final Recon product but also the productivity of whole Recon making process. This study investigated the effects of the extraction process on the slurry properties in detail. In order to quantify the amounts of the solubles which resided in the insoluble fibers, the washing treatment of the stock before and after squeezing process was applied. The amounts of the residual solubles showed little changes according to each stage of the extraction process. The fractionation of the slurry showed the difference in the amount of soluble in the stock depending on the size of the biological waste. After the extraction process, the bigger size fiber portion contained about 19%(by weight) in soluble after pressing but the smaller size fiber portion 9% in soluble. The fractionation ratio of the stocks also was changed by the screw press process, which could demonstrate the physical effects of the mechanical extraction.