• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2011

Objectives : A safety issue on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy is as important as effectiveness. To establish a rationale and research strategy for future studies, a traditional literature review was performed to summarize how and for what conditions acupuncture and moxibustion treatment was given during pregnancy. Methods : An extensive traditional literature search for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy was conducted in texts on acupuncture and moxibustion, obstetrics and gynecology, and comprehensive medical texts. Treatment conditions, methods, and contraindications were summarized and tabulated. Results : Twenty-eight books were included in our review. Most frequent description of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment use during pregnancy was for difficult delivery including breech presentations; commonly used acupuncture points for difficult labor included LI4, SP6, BL67, BL60, KI6, ST30, SP12, LR4, LR3, PC6, CV3, CV14, KI13, and GB21, indicating that they may have to be avoided during pregnancy. Descriptions of other symptoms or conditions were sparse. For habitual abortion or recurrent miscarriage, moxibustion on GV4, BL23, CV3, KI8, and KI2 was indicated. A combination of LI4 and SP6, and CV4 were contraindicated during pregnancy consistently across the reviewed books. Conclusions : Our traditional literature review has shown that the use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy has been limited. Given that more and more pregnant women are interested in safe and effective treatment, further research of acupuncture's safety and efficacy during pregnancy is urgently needed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.63.2-63.2
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• 2013

We have investigated the EUV coronal jets observed by Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) / Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). From the Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase (HEK), we consider all recorded 40 EUV jets in $171{\AA}$ from May 2010 to July 2011 and use 19 jets whose location can be clearly identified, excluding limb events because of the ambiguity of their positions. According to the positions of their roots, these coronal jets are classified into two types: bright point jet (BPJ, 9 jets) and active region boundary jet (ABJ, 10 jets). BPJs are located at the top of bright points and ABJs at the boundaries of active regions. There are significant differences in speed and size between two types. Here the speed and size of a jet are assumed to be its maximum values in the case that the jet has several ejections. The average speed and size of 9 BPJs are about 110 km/s and 69,000km, respectively. The average speed and size of 10 ABJs are about 660 km/s and 194,000 km, respectively. The speed distribution of ABJs has two peaks at about 270 km/s and 1700 km/s. It is very interesting to note that three ABJs have very high speeds larger than 1600 km/s and they are all composed of a group of recurrent jets with low and high speed at the same location. In addition, we are investigating these events in other wavelengths and compare their characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on headache, anxiety, and serum cortisol level in middle-aged women with recurrent headaches. Methods: Nineteen patients in the intervention group and 21 in the control group participated in the exercise. They were randomly selected volunteers whose average headache score over 6 months with above 4 points on the visual analogue scale (VAS). The experimental group received aromatherapy for 5 days; inhalation (3 times per day) and an application on the neck and both shoulders (one time per day). Prior and post treatment scores in headache, anxiety, and measurement of serum cortisol in experimental group were measured. Then, these were compared with the control group. The headache score was measured by VAS; anxiety score was measured by State Trait Anxiety Inventory; serum cortisol was measured by Radio-Immune-Assay method. Results: Decrease in headache, anxiety, and serum cortisol level in the experimental group was greater than those in the control group. Conclusion: It confirmed aromatherapy is effective in reducing headache, anxiety, and serum cortisol level.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.158-158
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• 2018

Drought is a recurrent natural hazard in Bangladesh. It has significant impacts on agriculture, environment, and society. Well-timed information on the onset, extent, intensity, duration, and impacts of drought can mitigate the potential drought-related losses. Thus, drought characteristics need to be explained in terms of frequency, severity, and duration. This paper aims to characterize the spatial and temporal pattern of meteorological drought using EDI and illustrated drought severity over Bangladesh. Twenty-seven (27) station-based daily rainfall data for the study period of 1981-2015 were used to calculate the EDI values over Bangladesh. The evaluation of EDI is conducted for 4 sub-regions over the country to confirm the historical drought record-developed at the regional scale. The finding shows that on average, the frequency of severe to extreme drought is approximately 0.7 events per year. As a result of the regional analysis, most of the recorded historical drought events were successfully detected during the study period. Additionally, the seasonal analysis showed that the extreme droughts were frequently hit in northwestern, middle portion of the eastern and small portion of central parts of Bangladesh during the Kharif(wet) and Rabi(dry) seasons. The severe drought was affected recurrently in the central and northern regions of the country during all cropping seasons. The study also points out that the northern, south-western and central regions in Bangladesh are comparatively vulnerable to both extreme and severe drought event. The study showed that EDI would be a useful tool to identify the drought-prone area and time and potentially applicable to the climate change-induced drought evolution monitoring at regional to the national level in Bangladesh. The outcome of the present study can be used in taking anticipatory strategies to mitigate the drought damages on agricultural production as well as human sufferings in drought-prone areas of Bangladesh.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 소규모 강의 범람 예측을 위한 인공 수위 예측 시스템을 제안한다. 강의 수위 예측은 홍수 피해를 줄일 수 있는 대책이 될 수 있다. 그러나 하천 범람에 영향을 미치는 강 또는 강우의 고유 특성으로 인해 범람 모델을 구축하기가 어렵다. 일반적으로 하류 수위는 상류의 인접한 수위에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 측정 지점에서 수위를 예측하기 위해 두 개의 상류 측정 지점의 수위를 순환신경망(LSTM)을 사용하여 인공 지능 모델을 구축했다. 제안 된 인공 지능 시스템은 수위 측정기를 설계하고 Nodejs를 사용하여 서버를 구축했다. 제안 된 신경망 하드웨어 시스템은 실제 강에서 6시간마다 수위를 잘 예측함을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2022

The recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm has been widely used in water-related research areas, such as water level predictions and water quality predictions, due to its excellent time series learning capabilities. However, studies on water quality predictions using RNN algorithms are limited because of the scarcity of water quality data. Therefore, most previous studies related to water quality predictions were based on monthly predictions. In this study, the quality of the water in a reservoir in Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do Republic of Korea was predicted using the RNN-LSTM algorithm. The study was conducted after constructing data that could then be, linearly interpolated as daily data. In this study, we attempt to predict the water quality on the 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days instead of making daily predictions of water quality factors. For daily predictions, linear interpolated daily water quality data and daily weather data (rainfall, average temperature, and average wind speed) were used. The results of predicting water quality concentrations (chemical oxygen demand [COD], dissolved oxygen [DO], suspended solid [SS], total nitrogen [T-N], total phosphorus [TP]) through the LSTM algorithm indicated that the predictive value was high on the 7th and 15th days. In the 30th day predictions, the COD and DO items showed R² that exceeded 0.6 at all points, whereas the SS, T-N, and T-P items showed differences depending on the factor being assessed. In the 45th day predictions, it was found that the accuracy of all water quality predictions except for the DO item was sharply lowered.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2023

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is indicated for patients with a large osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), accompanying subchondral cyst, and the failure of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Despite the many reports on the clinical results of surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesions, those of lateral lesions are rare. This paper reports the intermediate-term clinical outcomes after AOT for lateral OLTs. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for at least three years after AOT. The clinical evaluations comprised the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiographic assessment included the irregularity of the articular surface (subchondral plate), the progression of degenerative arthritis, and the changes in talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation. Results: The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly from 42.1 to 89.5 and 39.5 to 90.6 points, respectively, at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The radiological evaluation revealed two cases (9.5%) of articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 case (4.8%) of progressive arthritis. The mean talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly. As postoperative complications, there was one case of a local wound problem, one case of superficial peroneal nerve injury, and one case of donor site morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 62.3 months, no patient showed a recurrence of instability or required reoperation for OLT. Conclusion: AOT for the lateral OLTs demonstrated satisfactory intermediate-term clinical outcomes, including daily and sports activity abilities. Most OLT could be accessed through lateral ligament division and capsulotomy, and the incidence of iatrogenic complications, such as recurrent sprains or chronic instability, was minimal. AOT appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative therapy, with subchondral cysts, or with failed primary BMS.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

목적: 대형 및 광범위 회전근 개 파열 환자에서 개방적 봉합술 후 초음파를 이용하여 임상적 결과와 회전근 개 연속성(integrity)의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 11월부터 2005년 4월까지 3 cm 이상의 회전근 개 파열로 개방적 봉합술을 시행한 후 최소 12개월 이상 추시 관찰이 가능했던 16명 17예를 대상으로 하였다. 6예가 대형 파열, 11예가 광범위 파열이었다. 대상 환자는 남자가 6예, 여자가 11예였고, 수술시 평균 나이는 52세 ($33{\sim}72$세)였다. 결과의 판정은 UCLA 견관절 점수와 시각적 아날로그 점수(visual analogue scale, VAS)을 이용하였으며, 술 후 회전근 개의 연속성을 평가하기 위해 숙련된 근골격계 방사선과 의사가 최소 술 후 12개월째에 견관절 초음파를 시행하였다. 결과: 17예중 4예에서 재파열이 관찰되었으며, 재파열의 여부와 관계없이 14예에서 UCLA 점수가 29점(양호)이상을 보였다. UCLA 점수는 술 전 평균 15.1에서 술 후 31.2점으로 호전되었다. 전례에서 기능 점수의 향상과 통증의 감소를 보였으며, 5예에서는 전혀 통증이 없었다. 1예를 제외한 16예에서 90도 이상의 견관절의 전방 거상이 가능하였다. 결론: 최소 12개월 추시 관찰 소견상에서 대형 및 광범위 회전근 개 파열의 개방적 봉합술은 재파열률이 낮았으며, 전례에서 재파열 여부와 상관없이 UCLA 점수의 향상, 동통 감소 및 견관절 운동 범위의 증가를 보였다. 한편 재파열 여부와 견관절 기능 점수 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 연관성은 없었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

1994년 3월부터 1995년 2월까지 1년동안 말초성 안면신경마비로 경희의료원 한방병원 침구1과에 침치료를 받기 위하여 내원한 환자중 발병한지 1주일 이내로 이부(耳部) 대장포진(帶狀疱疹)이나 종양 또는 외상을 당하지 않은 초발환자 44명을 대상으로 일주일에 3회씩 합곡(合谷)(L14), 족삼리(足三里)(ST36), 영향(迎香)(LI20), 찬죽(BL2), 예풍(TE17), 지창(地倉)(ST4), 협차(頰車)(ST6), 수구(水溝)(GV26), 승장(承漿)(CV24), 양백(陽白)(GB14)과 어요(魚腰)(Ex-HN4)를 선혈(選穴)하여 자침하고 치료경과를 관찰하였다. 지창(地倉)에서 협차(頰車), 수구(水溝)와 승장(承漿)에서 지창(地倉), 양백(陽白)에서 어요(魚腰)로는 투자법을 실시하였다. 환자의 평균연령은 39.3세이었고, 여성이 63.6%를 차지하였고 그중 한 명은 임신중이었다. 안면신경마비의 회복판정 척도는 House-Brackmann facial nerve grading scales를 사용하여 초진부터 초진후 7주까지 또는 7주이내 완전히 회복될 때까지 매주 평가하였다. 86.4%의 환자가 초진후 7주이내에 완전히 회복 되었으며, 회복되는데 걸리는 기간은 평균 3.7주로 관찰되었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

이 연구는 시계열 과거 속도자료를 활용하여 유사한 패턴 변화를 보이는 요일을 그룹핑하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 알고리즘에 적용할 이력자료 시간적 범위는 과거 2개월치 자료를 사용하였으며, 공간적 범위는 도시부도로를 대상으로 하였다. 이 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘은 크게 거시적인 관점과 미시적인 관점으로 나누어 요일별 패턴분류를 수행하였다. 먼저 거시적인 관점에서 요일별 첨두/비첨두 시간대와 요일별 속도변화가 크게 나타나는 중점시간대를 도출하였다. 미시적인 관점에서는 거시적인 관점에서 도출된 중점시간대를 대상으로 요일간 속도 차이를 개별(요일별) 혹은 그룹간의 유사성을 비교하여 단계적으로 분류하는 2단계 속도 군집 알고리즘(Two-step speed clustering algorithm, TSC)을 개발하였다. TSC 알고리즘은 중점시간대의 매 가공주기(또는 제공주기)마다 요일별(월~일) 속도차이를 토대로 그룹핑하는 1단계와 1단계에서 도출된 각 그룹의 평균과 요일간의 속도차이를 비교하여 재할당하는 2단계로 구성된다. TSC 알고리즘은 실제 지점검지기에서 수집된 시간대별 시계열 자료를 토대로 개발 및 성능평가가 수행되었다. 따라서, 교통정보센터에서 수집 가공 저장되는 과거이력자료를 이용하여 요일별 패턴분류 수행이 가능하고 알고리즘 구현도 실제 가공체계에 적용하기 용이하다. 이 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘은 통행패턴기반 정보가공 알고리즘 개발, 요일별 반복정체구간 운영관리, TOD에 근거한 신호운영 개선 등 교통운영 및 관리 전반에 적용이 가능하다.