• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

During spawning season of female in a Korean oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis, the ventral region near the base of the pectoral fin becomes to be protruded outward of body and enlarged. This ventral process consists of both organs as rectum (vent) and inner ovipositor. The rectum consists of mucosa, lamina propria-submucosa, muscularis, and squamous epithelial layer (peritoneum=serosa) surrounding them. The mucosa contains numerous mucous cells meaning acid mucopolysaccharides in nature. The inner ovipositor is similar to that of the rectum, but the mucosa have no mucous cell, unlike that of the rectum. Whereas, the outer ovipositor has a straight and long tube which are not connected with the ventral process any more. The outer ovipositor was similar to the structure of the inner ovipositor in the ventral process. However, the outer ovipositor has no muscularis, and consists of three layers: mucosa, lamina propria-submucoa, and squamous epithelia. The outer ovipositor without the muscularis seems serves as a tube that eggs discharged from the outer ovipositor allow to send inside mussel, unlike that of the inner ovipositor performing rhythmic contractions of the layers of the muscularies for propelling to the matured oocytes to the outer ovipositor.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2002

These studies were carried out to develop some easy-checking thermometers instead of taking temperature of ectum for the farmers to detect easily a diseased animal with fever. Thermometers such as pincher-type, hood-type, raser-type, stick-type, and wrap-type were devised for the experiments. The experimental animals were cattle, horse, swine, aprine, and canine. Temperature-taking parts of the body were ear, shoulder, axilla, gluteal part, and coccygeal part according o the devised thermometer. Rectal temperature was taken at the same time for the comparison of temperature between rectum nd the certain part. The difference of temperature between rectum and shoulder part using eraser-type thermometer for the domestic animals were $3.37^{\circ}C$ for cattle, $1.94^{\circ}C$ for horses, $2.04^{\circ}C$ for swine, $1.27^{\circ}C$ for caprine, $0.9^{\circ}C$ for canine. The difference of temperature between rectum and gluteal part using eraser-type thermometer for domestic animals were $3.46^{\circ}C$ for cattle, $1.98^{\circ}C$ for horses, $2.22^{\circ}C$ for swine, and $1.1^{\circ}C$ for canine. The difference of intra-individual temperature taken by eraser-type thermometer of shoulder and gluteal part were 0.3 and $0.8^{\circ}C$ for cattle, 0.7 and $1.1^{\circ}C$ for horses, 0.6 and $0.7^{\circ}C$ for swine, 0.9 and $1.1^{\circ}C$ for canine. The difference of temperature between rectum and shoulder part taken by hood-type thermometer for cattle was $3.93^{\circ}C$ and the difference of intra-individual temperature was $0.8^{\circ}C$. The difference of temperature between rectum and gluteal part taken by stick-type thermometer for cattle was $3.7^{\circ}C$ and the difference of intra-individual temperature was $0.8^{\circ}C$. The other types of thermometers than the above three were not proved to be reliable to detect temperature of domestic animals. It was concluded that hood-type, stick-type and eraser-type thermometers are recommendable devices of thermometer to detect easily the status of body temperature and that the eraser-type was proved to be a practical one of the thermometers used in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.179.2-179
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2004

Purpose : A rectum and a bladder should be carefully considered in order to decrease side effects when HDR patient of uterine cervix cancer. Generally speaking, the value of dosimeter at a rectum and a bladder only depends on the value of a planning equipment, while some analyses of the value of dosimetry at rectum with TLD has been reported Or the contrary, it is hardly to find a report with in vivo dosimetry(diode detector). On this thesis, we would like to suggest the following. When a patient of uterine cervix cancer is in therapy, it is helpful to put a diode detector inside of a rectum in order to measure the rectal dose Based upon the result of the dosimetry, the result can be used as basic data at decreasing side effects. Materials and Methods : Six patients of uterine cervix cancer(four with tandem and ovoid, one with cylinder, and the other one with tandem and cylinder) who had been irradiated with HDR. Ir-192 totally 28 times from February 2003 to June 2003. We irradiated twice in the same distant spots with anterior film and lateral film whenever we measured with a diode detector. Then we did planning and compared each film. Results : The result of the measurement 4 patients with a diode detector is the following. The average and deviation from 3 patients with tandem and ovoid were $274.1{\pm}13.4cGy$, from 1 patient with tandem and ovoid were $126.1{\pm}7.2cGy$, from 1 patient with cylinder were $99.7{\pm}7.1cGy$, and from 1 patient with tandem and cylinder were $77.7{\pm}11.5cGy$. Conclusion : It is difficult to predict how the side effect of a rectum since the result of measurement with a diode detector depends on the state of a rectum. According to the result of the study, it is effective to use a TLD or an in vivo dosimetry and measure a rectum in order to consider the side effect. It is very necessary to decrease the amount of irradiation by controlling properly the duration of the irradiation and gauze packing, and by using shield equipments especially when side effects can be expected.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.375-377
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• 2001

Rectal stricture occurred in 2 finishing pigs submitted for necropsy from Moguchon, the meat processing plant, chonbuk. Grossly, the wall of the rectum was harden and thickened by fibrous tissue. Anteriro to the stricture, the descending colon was dilated up to 30cm in diameter, filled with gas and pasty green fluidal feces. Histologically, the epithelia of rectal mucosa were necrotized. The mucosa and submucosa of rectum were infiltrated by macrophages, eosinophils and lymphocytes. This infiltration was the most extensive in the deeper layer of submucosa and intensive fibrosis was observed in deeper submucosa layer. This case is report for rectal stricture of finishing pig.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1986

Endocrine cells were observed in the gastrointestinal tract of the squirrels by light microscopy using Grimelius and Masson-Hamperl silver impregnation, and in the stomach and duodenum by electron microscopy. Light microscopically, argyrophil cell decreased gradually in number in the pyloric region and ileum, stomach, duodenum and jejunum and rectum in the order listed. Argentaffin cells were moderately distributed in the stomach, pyloric region and duodenum, while absent in the jejunum, ileum and rectum. Five kinds of cell types, EC, ECL, D, $D_1$ and G cells were identified in the stomach and three kinds of cell types, S, $EC_1$ and $EC_2$ were also identified in the duodenum by electron microscopy. A cilium noted in the cytoplasm of $D_1$-type cell. The species differences in the distribution, size and structure of the secretory granules were discussed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 1984

Thirty Patients with loco-regional recurrence following curative surgery for adenocarcinoma of the rectum were retrospectively evaluated to determine factors influencing survival and the efficacy of radiation therapy. In this review of 30 patients undergoing radiation therapy, more than 50 percent(17/30) had definite symptomatic and objective response. Ninety percent of patients(27/30) received significant palliation. Over all 2 year survival rate was $7.4\%$ and their median survival was 13.0 months. Grade of response and Sex were statistically related to survival.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2007

Carcinoid tumors are derived from the enterochromaffin cells of neural crest origin. Most are commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The rectum is the third most common site for GI carcinoids. Rectal carcinoid tumors make up 13.7% of all carcinoid tumors and the vast majority occurs in the sixth decade of life. Approximately 80% of rectal carcinoid tumors are less than 1 cm in size, limited to the submucosa without metastasis and can be safely treated by local excision. We report a case of rectal carcinoid tumor in a 13 year-old child that was successfully treated by endoscopic polypectomy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2020

This report describes a three-month-old Korean domestic kitten presented with dehydration and poor body condition. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension. Rectal diagnosis was unachievable due to the small rectum diameter. X-ray radiography and endoscopy confirmed presence of abdominal distension and indicated a stricture located 1.5 cm from the anus. A balloon was gently inserted into the rectum and inflated several times followed by triamcinolone injection. Four months later, same procedures were repeated. This report is the first to describe the use of balloon dilation of a rectal stricture followed by intralesional triamcinolone injection in a small cat with poor condition.