• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.799-802
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• 2008

General behaviors based on hydraulic characteristics of natural streams and channels have been recently analyzed and developed via various numerical models. However in the states of natural hydraulics, an experimental research must be performed simultaneously with the mathematical analysis due to effects of hydraulic properties such as meander, sediment, and so on. In this study based on 2-D advection-dispersion equation, flow and tracer experiments were performed in the S-curved meandering laboratory channel with a rectangular cross-section. The channel was equipped with instrument carriages which was equipped with an auto-traversing system to be used with velocity measuring sensors throughout the depth and breadth of the flow field. To measure concentration distribution of the salt solution was adjusted to that of the flume water by adding methanol and a red dye (KMnO4) was added to aid the visualization of the tracer cloud, the tracer was instantaneously injected into the flow as a full-depth vertical line source by the instantaneous injector and the initial concentration of the tracer was 100,000 mg/l. The secondary current as well as the primary flow pattern was analyzed to investigate the flow distribution in the meandering channels. The velocity distribution of the primary flow for all cases skewed toward the inner bank at the first bend, and was almost symmetric at the crossovers, and then shifted toward the inner bank again at the next alternating bend. Thus, one can clearly notice that the maximum velocity occurs taking the shortest course along the channel, irrespective of the flow conditions. The result of the tracer tests shows that pollutant clouds are spreading following the maximum velocity lines in each cases with various mixing patterns like superposition, separation, and stagnation of pollutant clouds. Flow characteristics in each cases performed in this study can be compared with tracer dispersion characteristics with using evaluation of longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients(LDC, TDC). As expected, LDC and TDC in meandering parts have been evaluated with increasing distribution and straight parts have effected to evaluate minimum of LDC and TDC due to symmetric flow patterns and attenuations of secondary flow.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

A core engine for pre-cooled turbojet engines is designed and its component performances are examined both by CFD analyses and experiments. The engine is designed for a flight demonstration of precooled turbojet engine cycle. The engine uses gas hydrogen as fuel. The external boundary including measurement devices is set within $23cm{\times}23cm$ of rectangular cross section, in order to install the engine downstream of the air intake. The rotation speed is 80000 rpm at design point. Mixed flow compressor is selected to attain high pressure ratio and small diameter by single stage. Reverse type main combustor is selected to reduce the engine diameter and the rotating shaft length. The temperature at main combustor is determined by the temperature limit of non-cooled turbine. High loading turbine is designed to attain high pressure ratio by single stage. The firing test of the core engine is conducted using components of small pre-cooled turbojet engine. Gas hydrogen is injected into the main burner and hot gas is generated to drive the turbine. Air flow rate of the compressor can be modulated by a variable geometry exhaust nozzle, which is connected downstream of the core engine. As a result, 75% rotation speed is attained without hazardous vibration and heat damage. Aerodynamic performances of both compressor and turbine are obtained and evaluated independently.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-67
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• 1969

The effect of a circular hole reinforced by a ring of different material in a plate under biaxial loadings is considered. In this problem, an infinitely large flat is assumed. The reinforcing ring is of uniform rectangular cross-section of same thickness as the plate. The outer boundary of the ring is cemented to the inner boundary of the hole in the plate. The plate is subjected to hydrostatic tension and pure shear loadings. The stress distribution around the hole is obtained by means of the two dimensional theory of elasticity. To conform the validities of above solutions, a series of photo-elastic stress analysis for a composite model was carried out. Fair agreements were observed between two sets of values. The conclusions arrived at are as follows: 1) The theoretical solutions are exact ones for the case of infinitely large flat plate. 2) The solutions can be used for most case of engineering problem if the bonding between the plate and ring is perfect. 3) If the ratio of Young's moduli of the ring and the plate is increased, the stresses in the plate decrease whereas those in the ring increase. 4) The stress concentration near the hole has localized effect. 5) Under hydrostatic tension, maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress increase as the ratio of inner and outer diameters of the ring increases. 6) Under pure shear, the stresses depend upon angular orientations of the points and maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress appear at 45 degree. They increase as the ratio of inner and outer diameters of the ring increases.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2017

This paper deals with the development of structural test facility for the strength assessment of marine leisure boat built from carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) materials. The structural test facility consists of test jig, load application and control system, and data acquisition system. Test jig, and load application and control system are designed to accommodate various size and short span to depth ratios of single skin, top-hat stiffened and sandwich constructions in plated structural format such as square and rectangular shapes. A lateral pressure load, typical and important applied load condition to the plates of the hull structure for marine leisure boat, is simulated by employing a number of hydraulic cylinders operated automatically and manually. To examine and operate the structural test facility, five carbon/epoxy based FRP square plates having the test section area of $1m^2$, which are part of CFRP marine leisure boat hull, are prepared and they are subjected to monotonically increasing lateral pressure loads. In the test preparation, considering the symmetry of the plates geometry, various strain gauges and linear variable displacement transformer are used in conjunction with data acquisition system utilizing LabVIEW. From the test observation, the responses of the CFRP hull structure of marine leisure boat are understood by obtaining load to deflection and strain to load curves.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

While computer environments have been dramatically developed in recent years, as the building structures become larger, the structural analysis models are also becoming more complex. So there is still a need to model one shear wall with one finite element. From the viewpoint of the concept of FEA, if one shear wall is modeled by one finite element, the result of analysis is not likely accurate. Shear wall may be modelled with various finite elements. Among them, considering the displacement compatibility condition with the beam element connected to the shear wall, plane stress element with in-plane rotational stiffness is preferred. Therefore, in order to analyze one shear wall with one finite element accurately, it is necessary to evaluate finite elements developed for the shear wall analysis and to develop various plane stress elements with rotational stiffness continuously. According to the above mentioned need, in this study, the theory about a plane stress element using hierarchical interpolation equation is reviewed and stiffness matrix is derived. And then, a computer program using this theory is developed. Developed computer program is used for numerical experiments to evaluate the analysis results using commercial programs such as SAP2000, ETABS, PERFORM-3D and MIDAS. Finally, the deflection equation of a cantilever beam with narrow rectangular section and bent by an end load P is derived according to the elasticity theory, and it is used to for comparison with theoretical solution.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2022

Light-weight or low-damped structures may encounter the unsteady galloping instability that occurs at low reduced wind speeds, where the classical quasi-steady assumption is invalid. Although this unsteady phenomenon has been widely studied for rectangular cross sections with one side perpendicular to the incidence flow, the effect of the mean wind angle of attack has not been paid enough attention yet. With four sectional models of different side ratios and geometric shapes, the presented research focuses on the effect of the wind angle of attack on unsteady galloping instability. In static tests, comparatively strong vortex shedding force was noticed in the middle of the range of flow incidence where the lift coefficient shows a negative slope. In aeroelastic tests with a low Scruton number, the typical unsteady galloping, which is due to an interaction with vortex-induced vibration and results in unrestricted oscillation initiating at the Kármán vortex resonance wind speed, was observed for the wind angles of attack that characterize relatively strong vortex shedding force. In contrast, for the wind angles of attack with relatively weak shedding force, an "atypical" unsteady galloping was found to occur at a reduced wind speed clearly higher than the Kármán-vortex resonance one. These observations are valid for all four wind tunnel models. One of the wind tunnel models (with a bridge deck cross section) was also tested in a turbulent flow with an intensity about 9%, showing only the atypical unsteady galloping. However, the wind angle of attack with the comparatively strong vortex shedding force remains the most unfavorable one with respect to the instability threshold in low Scruton number conditions.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1A호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

일반적으로 비부착 프리캐스트 콘크리트 교각은 철근콘크리트 교각에 비하여 내진성능과 지진 후의 공용성능이 우수하다. 본 연구에서는 OpenSEES 프로그램을 사용하여 비부착 프리캐스트 교각의 내진거동을 분석하였다. 특히, 콘크리트 강도, 긴장재의 초기 긴장비, 긴장재 비, 교각 세그먼트의 크기의 변화에 대한 비부착 프리캐스트 콘크리트 교각의 내진거동에 대하여 해석적으로 연구하였다. 해석결과 긴장재 비 및 초기 긴장비가 증가함에 따라 연화상태 및 극한상태시의 휨강도도 증가하였다. 콘크리트 강도 및 세그먼트 크기에 따른 교각의 휨강도 차이는 거의 무시할 만 하였으나, 초기 긴장비의 증가는 긴장재의 항복 시점을 앞당기는 결과를 나타냈다. 또한, 심부콘크리트의 압축 변형률이 극한변형률에 미치지 않으므로, 일반 콘크리트교각에 비하여 심부구속 철근량을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2023

Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has various advantages, but it has limitations in ensuring sufficient ductility as structural members such as reinforced concrete (RC) columns due to its low confinement effect of core concrete. In particular, the confinement effect significantly decreases as the axial load increases, but studies on evaluating the ductility of RC columns at high axial loads are very limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of concrete unit weight on the seismic performance of RC columns subjected to constant axial loads applied with different values for each specimen. The column specimens were classified into all-lightweight aggregate concrete (ALWAC), sand-lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC), and normal-weight concrete (NWC). The amount of transverse reinforcement was specified for all the columns to satisfy twice the minimum amount specified in the ACI 318-19 provision. Test results showed that the normalized moment capacity of the columns decreased slightly with the concrete unit weight, whereas the moment capacity of LWAC columns could be conservatively estimated based on the procedure stipulated in ACI 318-19 using an equivalent rectangular stress block. Additionally, by applying the section lamina method, the axial load level corresponding to the balanced failure decreased with the concrete unit weight. The ductility of the columns also decreased with the concrete unit weight, indicating a higher level of decline under a higher axial load level. Thus, the LWAC columns required more transverse reinforcement than their counterpart NWC columns to achieve the same ductility level. Ultimately, in order to achieve high ductility in LWAC columns subjected to an axial load of 0.5, it is recommended to design the transverse reinforcement with twice the minimum amount specified in the ACI 318-19 provision.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.34-64
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• 1989

포장(包裝) 용적(容積) 감소에 따른 수송비(輸送費) 절감(節減) 효과(效果)가 있어 조립시(組立式) 탁자류(卓子類) 가구(家具)의 제작(製作)에 널리 쓰이는 CBA(corner block with anchor bolt) 접합방식(接合方式)은 일정기간(一定期間) 사용(使用)함에 따라 접합부위(接合部位)가 약해지고 그 결과(結果) 구조(構造)가 불안정(不安定)하게 되는 반강접합(半剛接合)(semi-rigid joint) 특유(特有)의 결점(缺點)도 지니고 있다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 CBA 접합(接合) 강도(强度)에 영향하는 주요(主要) 설계(設計) 인자(因子)로서 side rail 규격, corner block의 side rail에의 부착시(時) 보강재(補强材)의 효과(效果) 및 corner block관통 anchor bolt의 사용(使用) 수(數) 그리고 corner block의 형태등(等)의 평가(評價)를 하기 위해 22개(個)의 접합군(接合群) 별(別)로 총(總) 88개(個)의 table section 시험체(試驗體)를 제작(製作)한 후(後)그들의 강성(剛性) 계수(係數)(Z - 값) 및 유효강도(有效强度)를 수평 하중(荷重)에 의한 변형측정(變形測定) 실험(實驗)을 통해 결정(決定)한 후 설계(設計) 인자별(因子別) 효과(效果)를 비교 분석(分析)하였다. 분석결과(分析結果), side rail의 높이 증대(增大) 및 corner block 부착시(時) PVAc 수지(樹脂)의 사용효과(使用效果)가 뚜렷하여 유효강도(有效强度)의 유의적(有意的) 향상(向上)을 나타냈고 anchor bolt의 효과(效果) 역시 2개 사용시(使用時)가 1개 사용시(使用時) 보다 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또 side rail 높이 와 anchor bolt 사용(使用) 수(數)간에는 상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果)도 있었다. 그러나 side rail의 두께 효과(效果)는 22mm에서 25mm로 증대(增大)시켰을때 뚜렷한 상승 경향(傾向)은 보여주지 못했다. 한편 corner block의 형태는 MDF를 주재료(主材料)로 사용(使用)한 탁자(卓子) 설계시(設計時)는 두께 25mm, 높이 100mm의 side rail에 PVAc 수지(樹脂)로 보강(補强)하고 mitered corner block에 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시킨 경우가 유효강도(有效强度) 3171.7 kgf-cm로 22개의 접태군(接台群)들 중 최대치(最大値)를 나타냄으로써 miter type이 rectangular type보다 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적(結論的)으로 자재(資材)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)을 통한 생산비(生産費) 절감(節減)과 동시(同時)에 구조(構造)의 안정(安定)된 강도적(强度的) 측면(側面)을 고려할 때, 두께 22mm, 높이 75mm의 MDF side rail에 mitered corner block을 PVAc 수지(樹脂)와 나사못을 이용하여 부착한 후(後) 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시키는 방법(方法)을 가장 합리적(合理的)인 MDF 사용(使用) 조립시(組立式) 탁자(卓子) 설계(設計) 방안(方案)으로 제시(提示)하는 바이다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 철골 각형강관단면(RHS) 기둥-보 접합부에서 웨브의 모멘트 전달효율을 평가하였다. 먼저, 5개의 철골보접합부에 대한 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 이들은 접합부 상세가 다르게 설계되었고, 따라서 휨저항 성능이 각기 다르다. 해석결과 RHS 기둥을 가진 모델은 기둥 플랜지의 면외변형 때문에 WF(Wide Flange) 기둥을 가진 모델에 비해 모멘트 전달효율이 저하함을 보였다. 스캘럽(WAH)과 얇은 강관기둥 두께도 모멘트 전달효율의 저하를 가져오는 원인으로서, 결과적으로 보-기둥 접합부의 파단을 초래할 가능성이 크다. 해석과 이전의 실험결과를 기초로 하면, 응력집중은 모멘트 전달효율과 반비례하고, 접합부의 변형능력은 모멘트 전달효율의 저하에 따라 감소하는 것을 알 수 있다. 더 나아가서 바닥슬래브가 있는 합성보 접합부에 대한 유한요소해석결과는 중립축이 상부플랜지 방향으로 상승함으로써 모멘트 전달효율이 저하했고, 이러한 영향은 접합부의 조기 취성파단을 초래하는 것을 보였다.