• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.453-459
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• 2022

A decrease in fertility rates causes problems such as decrease in the working-age population, and has a significant impact on national policies. Currently, the Republic of Korea has a conscription system that imposes military service on all men over the age of 18. However, the transition to the volunteer miliatry system is emerging as a social issue due to the decrease in the fertility rate. In this paper, news articles and comments searched for through the keyword ' volunteer miliatry system' were collected to analyze the social perception of the volunteer miliatry system from 2018, when the fertility rate dropped to less than 1. Some of the collected comments were labeled, and emotional levels were calculated through deep learning models. Through this study, we found that awareness of recruitment system conversion did not increase as the decrease in the fertility rate, and it was confirmed that people's interest is gradually increasing.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.336-342
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• 2021

Japanese imperialism initiated the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and promulgated the Total National Mobilization Act in 1938, establishing a wartime total mobilization system. In the beginning of the wartime general mobilization system, Japanese colonialism focused on women's labor force and mobilized women both domestically and abroad. Women were forcibly mobilized to the Labor Patriotism Unit and Jeongshindae(Korean Women Labor Corps). Women had to take the place of home work as well as the work of men who had already been mobilized, and at the same time faced a poor situation of being forced to mobilize for war. The mobilization of Jeongshindae took place in various forms, such as recruitment, voluntary support by government offices, propaganda through schools or groups, job fraud, coercion or threats. Jeongshindae which was a representative victim of the forced mobilization of women during the Japanese colonial period, was individually litigated and remains an unresolved problem. In order to uncover the reality of the forced mobilization of women during the wartime general mobilization system, continuous research and social education through related organizations are required.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

Several lines of evidence suggest that osteocytes play a critical role in bone remodeling. Both healthy and apoptotic osteocytes can send signals to other bone surface cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoclast precursors, and bone lining cells through canalicular networks. Osteocytes responding to mechanical strain may also send signals to other cells. To determine the role for osteocytes an mechanical strain in bone remodeling, we examined the effects of fluid flow shear stress on osteoclast precursor cell and osteoblast proliferation and recruitment induced by osteocytes. In addition, the effects of fluid flow shear stress on osteocyte M-CSF, RANKL, and OPG mRNA expression were also examined. MLO-Y4 cells were used as an in vitro model for osteocytes, RAW 264.7 cells and MOCP-5 cells as osteoclast precursors, and 2T3 cells as osteoblasts. MLO-Y4 cells conditioned medium (Y4-CM) was collected after 24h culture. For fluid flow experiments, MLO-Y4 cells were exposed to 2h of pulsatile fluid flow (PFF) at 2, 4, 8, $16{\pm}0.6\;dynes/cm^2$ using the Flexcell $Streamer^{TM}$ system. For proliferation assays, MOCP-5, RAW 264.7, and 2T3 cells were cultured with control media or 10-100% Y4 CM. Cells were cultured for 3d, and then cells were counted. RAW 264.7 and 2T3 cell migration was assayed using transwells with control media or 10-100% Y4-CM. M-CSF, RANKL and OPG in MLO-Y4 mRNA expression was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Y4-CM increased osteoclast precursor proliferation and migration, but decreased 2T3 cell proliferation and migration. CM from MLO-Y4 cells exposed to PFF caused decreased RAW 267.4 cell proliferation and migration and 2T3 migration compared to control Y4-CM. However, Y4-CM from cells exposed to PFF had no effect on 2T3 osteoblastic cell proliferation. PFF decreased RNAKL mRNA and increased OPG mRNA in MLO-Y4 cells compared to control(without PFF). PFF had no effect on M-CSF mRNA expression in MLO-Y4 cells. These results suggest that osteocytes can regulate bone remodeling by communication with osteoclast precursors and osteoblasts and that osteocytes can communicate mechanical signals to other cells.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.337-354
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• 2017

Cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon population is widely distributed in the world, and well known as harmful algae by producing toxins and off-flavor materials, thus belonging to one of the taxa that became more interested in the field of limnoecology. In this study, the frequency, intensity, and duration of Aphanizomenon occurrence were increased with the abnormal drawdown of water level in the winter in Boryeong Reservoir, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of them are compared with each other in the perspective of hydrometeorology (1998 to 2017) and limnology (2010 to 2017). In Korea, Aphanizomenon flourished mainly in high temperature, and the appearance in the low temperature was rare in total five times. The harmful cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon was observed in the low temperature (December to February) in Boryeong Reservoir from 2014, and then reached a maximum value of $2,160cells\;mL^{-1}$ in January 2017. In addition, the period exceeding $1,000cells\;mL^{-1}$ at this time was more than 3 months. This was simultaneously associated with abnormal water level fluctuation in the low temperature ($<10^{\circ}C$). The large drawdown of water level in the winter season has the potential to promote or amplify the germination and development of harmful algae. Also, subsequent water quality and ecological impacts(e.g., algal toxins and off-flavor substances) need to be considered carefully.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

It is known that mast cells (MCs) are increased in H. pylori-infected gastritis and its increase is mediated by stem cell factor (c-kit ligand). To determine the mechanism of mast cell recruitment and activation by stem cell factor, weinvestigated the expression of stem cell factor receptor (c-kit) in H. pylori-positive and -negative gastric mucosa. Biopsy specimens from 16 H. pylori-negative and 20 positive subjects were examined. H. pylori infection in gastric mucosa was examined by the Warthin-Starry method. MC and c-kit were identified by immunohistochemisty, using a monoclonal antihuman MC tryptase antibody and a polyclonal anti-human c-kit antibody. Densities of MC and c-kit positive cell were measured by a computerized image analysis system. MCs were detected in the lamina propria of both H. pylori-positive and -negative gastric mucosa. Densities of MC and c-kit positive cell were significantly greater in H. pylori-positive than -negative subjects. c-kit was located on the surface of MCs. These results indicate that stem cell factors may be one of the factors involved in mast cell increase and that they activate mast cells by binding with c-kit.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1997

The medical insurance system has been adopted in 1989. Since then, the utilization of medical care services has increased rapidly. It appears that the medical institution needs more nursing manpower such as nurses and nurse aides to meet an increased demand for medical care for the residents. However, the medical care clinics run by a medical practitioners has a more shortage of nursing manpower than hospitals. The purpose of this survey was to analyze the current employment status and to obtain an opinion on the improvement of utilization such as recruitment and retention of nursing manpower. The questionnaire sent to the private physician and the response rate was 28.7% ; 87 out of 300 physicians. 82.6% of the respondents employed nurses aides rather than nurses and an average number of employees per clinic was 2.5 persons. Most physicians had difficulties in recruiting nursing manpower. It took more than one month for replacement on average, therefore, they were suffering from giving good continual care for the patient and also high resignation of nursing personnel. The low wage, long working hours, hard work and lack of incentives are the biggest reasons for the difficulty in recruiting and retaining of the nursing personnel obtained for the clinics survey. The above mentioned problems would be solved in the near future by changing those difficulties. In the meantime, the private physicians are marking an effort to retain the nursing personnel by keeping a relationship of the private physician's cooperatives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.448-453
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• 2015

This study was performed to estimate biomass and to provide management plan through population ecological characteristics, including survival rate, instantaneous coefficient of natural and fishing mortalities, and age at first capture of Flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, in the coastal waters of Yeosu. Survival rate (S) of the flathead grey mullet was 3.671. The instantaneous coefficients of natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) was estimated to be 0.325/year, 0.962/year for flathead grey mullet. Also fist capure age of flathead grey mullet was 3.61year. The current biomass of the flathead grey mullet in the study area was estimated to be 19.6 M/T and $F_{0.1}$ and $F_{40%}$ were estimated 0.340/year, 0.225/year. For the stock assessment result, flathead grey mullet was not overfished but overfishing.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.385-390
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• 2020

Inflammatory Bowel Disease is caused by an acute or chronic dysfunction of the mucosal inflammatory system in the intestinal tract. In line with the results of our previous study, wherein we found that the PKCα-LSD1-NF-κB signaling plays a critical role in the prolonged activation of the inflammatory response, we aimed to investigate the effect of signaling on colitis in the present study. Lsd1 S112A knock-in (Lsd1^SA/SA) mice, harboring a deficiency in phosphorylation by PKCα, exhibited less severe colitis symptoms and a relatively intact colonic epithelial lining in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models. Additionally, a reduction in pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune cell recruitment into damaged colon tissues in Lsd1^SA/SA mice was observed upon DSS administration. Furthermore, LSD1 inhibition alleviated colitis symptoms and reduced colonic inflammatory responses. Both LSD1 phosphorylation and its activity jointly play a role in the progression of DSS-induced colitis. Therefore, the inhibition of LSD1 activity could potentially protect against the colonic inflammatory response.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.772-777
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• 1999

The uncaped genomic RNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) initiates translation by recruitment of eukaryotic translation initiation factors at the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). N-terminal protease ($N^{pro}$) is the first translation product of the open reading frame (ORF). By using the vaccinia virus SP6 RNA polymerase transient expression system, we showed previously that deletion of $N^{pro}$ region reduced translation by 21%. To better understand the biological significance of $N^{pro}$ for translation, we carried out a mutational analysis of the $N^{pro}$ region of BVDV cloned in the intercistronic region of a bicistronic reporter plasmid. We constructed a bicistronic expression vector in which the entire 5 UTR and the mutated $N^{pro}$ region (${\Delta}386-901$, ${\Delta}415-901$ and ${\Delta}657-901$) was cloned between two reporter genes, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and luciferase (LUC). In vivo translation analyses showed that $N^{pro}$ region was dispensible for efficient translation. The results indicate that the $N^{pro}$ region is not essential for BVDV RNA translation and the 3' boundary of BVDV IRES is expanded into $N^{pro}$ region, suggesting that $N^{pro}$ may not play a major role in BVDV replication.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2015

This study is conducted to suggest ways to mitigate the mismatch phenomenon between job seekers who want to find right company for themselves and companies looking for appropriate new employees. For this purpose, this study improves the company assessment framework reflecting job seekers interests by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The improved evaluation framework is a three-level hierarchical structure, where there are 4 groups at the top level, 12 factors at the intermediate level and 36 indexes at the bottom level. For the empirical analysis of the applicants preferences based on the improved model, a survey for F-AHP analysis is carried out to university students and then priorities of components in the evaluation model are calculated. Moreover, the differences of priority of the company assessment framework are analyzed for different genders, college years, and major divisions. The results show that job seekers' most concerning factors are wages, stability, working environments, and labor deal, which are ranked highly in this order and the differences in preferences for each type of job seekers (genders, college years, and major divisions) are obvious. The results also show that the male prefers wages to environment, on the other hand female does working environment to wages.