• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

This study is conducted to investigate the factors affecting lumber conversion rate of sawmill industry in South Korea. Data were obtained from the survey of 38 sawmills in all geographic regions of South Korea. The variables examined in this study were region, softwood/hardwood log, domestic/imported/both log, the number of power-driven carriages (PDC) installed, the year when and country where PDCs was manufactured, the horse power of PDC, the number of labors required to operate each PDC, the sawing capacity of mill (mill size), and the types of major product and by-products. The lumber recovery factor (LRF) of sawmills were significantly influenced by the origin of logs, level of PDC automation, sawmill size, and size of logs (measured in diameter and length) while not by the location of the mill, types of major product and by-product, log species, and characteristics of PDC. Although these results provide useful information for understanding the technological characteristics of the Korean sawmill industry, further investigation with larger sample is necessary to reveal the more reliable characteristics of sawmill industry in South Korea.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2018

Eight tight sandstone reservoir samples from $He_8$ and $Shan_1$ Formations of the Sulige Gas field were selected to perform gas-water micro-displacement experiment based on authentic sandstone micro-model. The gas pressure-relief experiment was proposed for the first time to simulate the pressure change and gas-water percolation characteristics in the process of gas exploitation. The experiment results show that: (1) In the process of gas accumulation, the gas preferentially flows into the well-connected pores and throats with large radius, but rarely flows into the area without pores and throats. (2) Under sufficient gas drive, the water in pores and throats usually exists in the forms of 'thin water film', 'thick water film', and 'water column', but under insufficient gas drive, gas fails to flow into new pathways in time, so that the reservoirs with large pores and throats are high in water cut. (3) Under the same water saturation, the reservoirs with better petrophysical properties has higher gas recovery factor within unit time. Under the same petrophysical conditions, the reservoirs with lower water saturation show higher gas recovery factor within unit time. The higher the permeability, the stronger the liquid carrying capacity of reservoirs.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Skeletal muscle injury occurs frequently in sports medicine and is the most general form of injury followed by physical impact. There are growth factors which conduct proliferation, differentiation, and synthesis of myogenic prodromal cells and regulate vascular generation for the continued survival of myocytes. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and electrical stimulation (ES) on muscle recovery processes according to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 2 experimental groups and a controlled group. All animals had suffered from crush damage in the extensor digitorum longus for 30 seconds and were killed 1, 3, and 7 days after injury. 30 Hz and 1 mA impulsion for 15 minutes was applied to the EA experimental groups Zusanli (ST36) and Taichong (LR3) using electroacupuncture and the same stimulation was applied to the ES group using an electrical node. Hematoxyline-Eosin staining and VEGF immunohistochemistry were used to ascertain the resulting muscle recovery. There were few morphological differences between the EA and ES groups, and both groups were observed to have tendencies to decrease atrophy as time passed. In the controlled group, gradually diminishing atrophy could be observed, but their forms were mostly disheveled. There were few differences in VEGF expression between the EA and ES groups, and tendencies to have an increased quantity of VEGF with the lapse of time were observed in both groups. In the controlled group, a little VEGF expression could be observed merely 7 days after injury. In conclusion, EA and ES contributed to muscle recovery processes and could be used for the treatment of muscle injury.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.67-88
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• 2007

This study is to estimate the factor weights for a successful sea-ranching project using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Furthermore, it investigates the policy implications revealed by the differences in group opinions throughout fishermen, government officials, researchers and the scholars when the weights are assessed. The hierarchy is constructed for the 3 levels of factors which must be evaluated for a successful sea-ranching project. The top level of factors is divided by the ecological factors and the socioeconomic factors. As the middle level of factors, there are 3 factors such as the choice of fish, the habitat environment and the production technology under the ecological factors and another 3 factors such as the stability of fishery society, economic factors, and the law & system under the socio-economic factors. And then, at the bottom level of the hierarchy, the economic factors have two different sub-factors such as the fishing revenue and cost. The law & system has also 3 sub-factors such as the accessibility to sea-ranching area, fishing method, and surveillance. The fishermen and government officials show us quite opposite tendencies in assessments of the weights while both the researchers and scholars reveal almost the same opinions positioned at somewhere between first two groups. The study also reports the evaluations of efficiency measures for resource recovery methods among the sea-ranching project, artificial reef, release of fish seeds, and marine protection area. Both the sea-ranching project and marine protection area have the same efficiency in terms of resource recovery while the artificial reef and release of fish seeds are revealed as somewhat less efficient methods comparing to the former two methods.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the excretion aspect of urinary t, t-MA and hippuric acid by measuring concentrations of urinary metabolites according to the use of gasoline vapor recovery system. Materials:In order to analyze urinary metabolites, samples from the 23 gas station workers ten gas stations in the Seoul and Gyeonggi Province area were collected once daily after work. In addition, a survey was conducted on work factors and lifestyle habits as factors affecting the concentration of urinary metabolites. Results: The average concentrations of t, t-MA and hippuric acid after work were $0.124{\pm}0.177mg/g$ creatinine and $0.557{\pm}0.251g/g$ creatinine among workers at gas stations where gasoline vapor recovery systems were installed. The average concentrations of t, t-MA and hippuric acid were $0.160{\pm}0.113mg/g$ creatinine and $0.682{\pm}0.619g/g$ creatinine among workes at gas stations where gasoline vapor recovery systems were not installed. Average concentrations were higher at gas stations where a gasoline vapor recovery system was not installed, but the differences were not statistically significant differences. Urinary t, t-MA and hippuric acid average concentrations of smokers and non-smokers were higher in the gas stations where gasoline a vapor recovery system was not installed. T, t-MA as a factor evaluation affecting the concentration of urinary metabolites was not statistically significant in all factors, while hippuric acid was statistically significant only for age(p=0.024). Conclusions: The average concentrations of urinary t, t-MA and hippuric acid were higher in gas stations where gasoline vapor recovery systems were not installed compared to gas stations where such a system was installed. There needs to be an assessment of biological monitoring according to refueling activity considering skin absorption of benzene and toluene and presence of gasoline vapor recovery system.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2013

세포선별검사에서 ASCUS로 진단된 검체 중 F-UP이 진행되지 않은 검체 179건을 대상으로 HPV high risk factor, low risk factor를 확인하기 위해서 Hybrid Capture II Test를 하였다. 시험 결과 high risk factor 양성 및 low risk factor 양성은 전체 179 cases 중 26 cases로 나타났으며, 전체 검체 중 약 15%에 해당되었다. 또한 전체 15%의 양성검체 중 high risk factor 양성은 96%에 해당되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 효과적인 검진 체계를 갖춘 나라에서도 자궁경부암의 예방이 완전히 해결되지 않고 있는 문제점이 있는 여건을 고려해 볼 때 추적 관찰이 용이하지 않은 경우를 대비해 자궁경부암으로 진행될 수 있는 precancerous lesion의 원인 인자인 HPV 존재 유무를 세포선별검사와 HPV Hybrid Capture II Test를 동시에 시행하는 것이 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.673-685
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• 2020

본 연구는 여성마약중독자의 단약 후 유지·재발 및 회복과정에 영향을 주는 요인들을 구체적으로 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 마약에 중독된 이후 재발을 반복하다가 회복중인 여성 10명을 연구참여자로 선정하였고 심층면담을 실시하였다. 원자료는 Giorgi의 기술적 현상학적 방법에 근거하여 분석을 진행했다. 분석결과, 대부분 여성참여자들은 성장과정에서 주변으로부터 차별과 냉대를 겪었다. 어려운 현실로부터 탈피하기 위해 또는 호기심 때문에 마약에 빠져들었다. 마약 살 돈을 벌기 위해 유흥업소를 전전하였고 판매상으로 전락하기도 했다. 이들은 오랜기간 동안 마약의 늪에 갇혀 있었다. 이들이 선택한 마약은 극한 성적쾌락을 주었고 마약에 길들여진 몸으로 인해 쉽게 회복이 어려웠다. 재발이 반복되면서 몸과 마음은 더 피폐해졌다. 생애과정에서 경험한 다양한 트라우마는 마약중독을 더 악화시키는 요인이 되기도 했다. 하지만 종교적 회심 또는 실존적 각성, 사회적 지지는 회복과정에서 중요한 자원이 되었다. 연구결과에 근거하여 삶의 재구성에 기여할 수 있는 영성과 실존 프로그램과 트라우마 치료접근 등을 제언하고자 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

Production of foreign proteins by transgenic plant cell cultures has several advantages such as post-translational modification, low risk of product contamination and low-cost production and purification. However, target proteins are degraded by extracellular proteases existing in the media. A solution to this problem is the use of perfusion culture and ion exchange chromatography for the application of integrated bioprocess using in situ recovery. With this method, production of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) was investigated in this study. First, optimization of cell concentration during the induction phase for the production of hGM-CSF was examined. As cell concentration increased, the level of hGM-CSF was decreased due to the presence of extracellular proteases. Induction using sugarfree media produced 33% more hGM-CSF. The effects of pH on the binding of hGM-CSF to cationic and anionic exchange resins were also investigated. In terms of stability, optimal pH was found to be 5~7. In the case of using buffer exchange when CM-Sepharose was used as a cationic exchange resin, optimal pH for binding was 4.8 and adsorption yield was 77%. When DEAE-Sepharose was used as an anionic exchange resin, it was 5.5 (74%). Without buffer exchange, optimal pH was 4.6 (84%). From these results, an integrated bioprocess using in situ recovery with simultaneous production and separation of foreign protein in transgenic plant cell suspension cultures was found to be feasible.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.551-568
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to identify factors of dissatisfaction and complaining behavior in internet fashion shopping mall, and to investigate constructs of service recovery for solution to this problems. Data were obtained from 201(male: 87, female: 114) internet fashion shopping mall consumer who have experiences of dissatisfaction and complaining behavior after buying products, and were analyzed using by descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach' $\alpha$, t-test. The results were as follows. First, the most response(80.4% of reponses) was experience to dissatisfaction through internet fashion shopping mall, and the most dissatisfied items were blouse, sweater, T-shirt in upper garment. Also, in men's case, the most satisfied price zone was not exceeding $30,000{\sim}50,000\;won$ and in women's case, it was not exceeding $20,000{\sim}30,000\;won$. Second, 7 factors of dissatisfaction(called quality, payment, delivery, price, interaction, returning/changing/refunding, contract) were identified after purchasing fashion products from internet shopping mall. 3 factors of complaining behavior(called private action, legal action, remedial seeking action) were investigated. Third, constructs of perceived service recovery were extracted from literature review: perceived interaction and justice. Perceived interaction were categorized into two factors: the interaction on the part of the consumer, the interaction in the part of the shopping mall. And perceived justice were categorized into three factors: interactional justice, distributive justice, procedural justice. Usually, university students were likely to take a serious view of service recovery through interaction and justice with internet fashion shopping mall.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.356-362
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• 1999

Humans may lose considerable amounts of water and electrolytes from sweat during exercise in a hot climate. Optimal ingestion of fluid-replacement beverages may overcome an obstacle factor of exercise performance in the heat. This study was performed the comparison of heart rate and blood lactate between ingestion of Prunus mume solution and water solution during graded maximal exercise using bicycle ergometer in the heat(ambient temperature of 31-32$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50-55%). Ten healthy no-heat-acclimatized males participated in the study. Exercise duration until all-out of graded testing in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion(786.15$\pm$47.66s) was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Heart rate at 4 min during graded testing and recovery phase in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Blood lactate concentration at 30min of recovery phase after graded maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Recovery rate of blood lactate concentration at 15 min and 30 min of recovery phase after grated maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Present results suggested that ingestion of Prunus mume solution showed the positive effects on the cardiorespiratory function and acid-base regulation as compared with ingestion of water during graded maximal exercise and recovery phase in hot environment.