• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1088-1095
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• 2018

Purpose: Post-operative pulmonary function is an important prognostic factor for lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting recovery of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at the first year after lung transplantation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of lung transplantation patients between October 2012 and June 2016. Patients who survived for longer than one year and who underwent pulmonary function test at the first year of lung transplantation were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they recovered to a normal range of FEV1 (FEV1 ${\geq}80%$ of predicted value vs. <80%). We compared the two groups and analyzed factors associated with lung function recovery. Results: Fifty-eight patients were enrolled in this study: 28 patients (48%) recovered to a FEV1 ${\geq}80%$ of the predicted value, whereas 30 patients (52%) did not. Younger recipients [odds ratio (OR), 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.98; p=0.010], longer duration of mechanical ventilator use after surgery (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26; p=0.015), and high-grade primary graft dysfunction (OR, 8.08; 95% CI, 1.67-39.18; p=0.009) were identified as independent risk factors associated with a lack of full recovery of lung function at 1 year after lung transplantation. Conclusion: Immediate postoperative status may be associated with recovery of lung function after lung transplantation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2021

In this study, we attempted to separate and recover Cu from low-grade copper ore by a hydrometallurgical process. The leaching sample obtained after crushing and sieving by 0.355 mm of low-grade copper ore contained 1.5% Cu, 4.7% Fe, 1.0% Mn, and 0.3% Zn. The Cu in the oxide ore was very well leached into sulfuric acid and 97% Cu leaching efficiency was achieved at 80℃ and 3 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). From the leaching solution, Cu was separated by solvent extraction from Fe, Mn, and Zn using LIX984N. The separation tendency between Cu and other metals was confirmed through the distribution ratio and separation factor. By plotting the McCabe-Thiele Diagram, the optimum condition for recovering Cu is 5 vol.% LIX984N, 2-stage counter-current solvent extraction, and an O/A ratio of 0.5. Using this method, 99% of the Cu was extracted and a CuSO₄ solution was finally obtained that contained 1.6 g/L Cu after the stripping process using 2 M H₂SO₄.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2023

Flood is one of the most frequent natural disasters worldwide. In Korea, the probability of urban flooding is greatly increasing due to complex factors such as global warming, an increase in impervious areas, and limitations in expanding water supply facilities in existing urban areas. However, large-scale civil engineering works to prevent urban inundation are socially and economically difficult to obtain national consent. Recently the importance of resilience, which is the ability to return to the original state after a disaster through rapid recovery while preparing for natural disasters to a level that the local community can afford socially and economically, is increasing. Accordingly, various studies on urban resilience have been conducted, but the resilience measurement method related to the lifeline that provides essential services of the city is insufficient. However, among lifelines, road networks are important facilities for the transportation of recovery resources and rapid recovery in the event of a natural disaster, so road networks are a major factor that must be considered when measuring the degree of recovery of a city in the field of natural disasters. Therefore, this study proposes a recovery evaluation method considering the characteristics of resilience and road networks in the urban flooding field and analyzes the effect of road networks on urban resilience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.435-443
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• 2016

In this study, MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) application effect was evaluated for minimization of benzene fugitive emission in petrochemical industry. Although fugitive emission for benzene in the nation was regulated by the Clean Air Conservation Act from 2015, the US EPA already has introduced MACT standard to minimize its emission with up-to-date technology since 1995. EPA Emission Factor (AP-42) and EPA MACT Standard Guideline were used to assess MACT application effect. As a result, For MACT application it could reduce benzene emission up to 98% (average) comparing with uncontrolled facility, while the national regulation could achieve about 95% (average) reduction which is slightly lower than MACT. However there is no control measure in the national regulation to reduce benzene emission for vessel loading even though MACT standard requires preventive facility such as VRU (Vapor Recovery Unit). For further reduction of benzene emission, it needs to be mandatory for operation of VRU when benzene product is loaded in vessel. These efforts could contribute to achieve the global level for benzene emission management in national petrochemical industry.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2004

Kidney had recovery functions against toxicants, ischemia, reperfusion-induced damage, acute-renal failure (ARF). Urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Kidney accumulates or excretes the EGF. In case of renal diseases, excreted EGF was decreased. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects squalene (SQ) on the prevention of experimental acute renal failure induced by glycerol. In case of in vitro study, we investigated the expression of EGF by RT-PCR. After the proximal tubular cells was isolated, glycerol (1, 2, 4 mM) or glycerol plus squalene (0.1, 0.05 or 0.1%) was added. In case of in vivo study, we investigated the changes of BUN, creatine, and ultrastructure. Experimental groups were divided into four groups. Group 1 was normal mouse. Group 2 was injected with SQ only (180 mg/kg). Group 3 was not treated with squalene after intraperitoneal contamination of glycerol (50%, 8 ml/kg). And, Group 4 was treated with squalene (180 mg/kg) after intraperitoneal contamination of glycerol (50%, 8 ml/kg). All groups were used to 7 mice. In the results, we investigated the glycerol induced renal failure. The expression of EGF mRNA was decreased in renal proximal tubules when treated with only glycerol. SQ increased the mRNA expression of EGF in renal proximal tubules. SQ also quickly recovered the levels of BUN and creatine compared with those of mice treated with only glycerol (P<0.01). In case of ultrastructure, group 3 had heavily damaged mitochondria, but, mitochondria in group 4 had evidences of the recovery. It was concluded that SQ had the recovery effects for the glycerol-induced acute renal failure.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-49
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture in Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)-induced rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups ; Normal, Control no treatment after SCI, Experimental I taken with Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang (Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ daily after inducing SCI. Experimental II taken with Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture at Taegye(KI3) and $Yangnungch{\acute{o}}n$(GB34) after inducing SCI and Experimental III taken with Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture at KI3 and GB34 to SCI-induced rats. After each operation, the present author observed the motor behavior recovery and nerve regeneration by analysis of the motor behavior tests, EMG, hematological(AST, ALT, WBC), histological and immunological changes. Rats were tested at modified Tarlov test at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th day, and Motor behavior test at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day. Results : Results are as follows. 1. All the experimental groups were improved compared with control group in the motor behavior tests including Tarlov test, Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, modified inclined plane test, open field test, grid walk test and narrow beam test. Especially Experimental III was improved significantly among other groups. 2. In EMG test, H wave appeared weak only in Experimental III. And M wave was increased significantly in Experimental III. 3. All the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with control group in serum AST, serum ALT and serum WBC tests. 4. significantly decreased in Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$ test compared with the first day of SCI. 5. Muscle contraction and denaturation of all the experimental groups were inhibited in histological observations of gastrocnemius muscle. Especially, those of experimental III was more effective. 6. NGF and BDNF of spinal cord gray matter in all the experimental groups were increased compared with control group. Especially, those of experimental III was more effective. Conclusions : As above, it can be suggested that Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture may improve motor behavior, EMG, hematological, histological and immunological findings in Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)-induced rats. Especially, effects will be somewhat better in combination of these two treatments.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

This study was carried out to estimate greenhouse gas reduction potentials under treatment methods of combustible wastes excavated from closed landfill. The treatment methods of solid wastes were landfilling, incineration, and production of solid recovery fuel. The greenhouse gas reduction potentials were calculated using the default emission factor presented by IPCC G/L method of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The composition of excavated waste represented that screened soil was the highest (65.96%), followed by vinyl/plastic (19.18%). This means its own component is similar to the other excavated waste from unsanitary landfill sites. Additionally, its bulk density was 0.74 $t/m^3$. In case of landfilling of excavated waste, greenhouse gas emission quantity was 60,542 $tCO_2$. In case of incineration of excavated waste, greenhouse gas emission quantity was 9,933 $tCO_2$. However, solid recovery fuel from excavated waste reduced 33,738 $tCO_2$ of the greenhouse gas emission quantity. Therefore, solid recovery fuel production is helpful to reduce of greenhouse gas emission.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1258-1266
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• 2019

Yangkyuksanhwa-Tang (YKSH), consisting of nine different herbs, is commonly used in Soyangin-type individuals with stroke, based on the Sasang Constitution Theory in Korea. However, no evidence has yet confirmed a beneficial effect of YKSH in ischemic stroke treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of YKSH on ischemic brain injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia in mice was induced by photothrombosis, and behavioral recovery was evaluated. Infarct volume, inflammation, and newly generated cells were evaluated by histology and immunochemistry. YKSH treatment resulted in a significant recovery from the motor impairments induced by focal cerebral ischemia, as determined with wire grip and rotarod tests. YKSH treatment also decreased the infarct volume and the number of cells positive for tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and myeloperoxidase when compared with a vehicle-treated control group. By contrast, YKSH treatment considerably increased the number of cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, as well as the number of cells doubly positive for Ki67/doublecortin when compared with the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that YKSH treatment attenuated the infarct size by anti-inflammatory action, astrocyte and microglia activation, and neuronal proliferation, thereby facilitating neurofunctional recovery from a cerebral ischemic assault. YKSH could therefore be a potential treatment for neurofunctional restoration of the injured brains of patients with stroke.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 1992

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF & ET) is widely used for the males with subnormal or abnormal semen quality, as this was recommended in view of the relatively small numbers of spermatozoa required for fertilization and subsequent pregnancies could be obtained. The aim of this study is to know how the various functional parameters of spermatozoa in semen analysis affect the outcome IVF. This study was carried out between 1988-1989, with male factor patients selected on the basis of the semen quality. The selection criteria was based upon the mean values of concentration,% motility and % normal morphology from at least two semen analysis. There is a significant decrease in the fertilization and embryo transfer rates in the study group compared with control group (35.9% vs. 68% and 48.6% vs. 85.5% respectively), however, there was no significant difference in the pregnancy or delivery rates (19.6% vs. 21.4% and 60.0% vs. 62.5% respectively) per embryo transfer cycles. Fertilization rate is variously affected by the type and degree of sperm defect. No pregnancy was occurred in triple defect group and asthenoteratospermia group. There is no significant increase in the abortion rate in the male factor group. Improvement have to be made with the fertilization rate, as the pregnancy rate per OPU cycle in male factor group is still lower than that of normal group (9.5% vs. 18.3%). In conclusion, IVF can be used as a treatment for male factor infertility and the preparation of the semen sample can be modified to improve sperm recovery and obtain fertilization from abnormal semen samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1998

Polyimide membrane system was designed for manufacturing nitrogen-enriched gas, and basic technical data was suggested for appling this system to controlled atmosphere storage. The permeability characteristics of pure oxygen and nitrogen could be explained by dual-mode sorption model. There was substantial decrease in the permeation rates of oxygen, which is the more permeable gas, through the polyimide membrane due to the presence of nitrogen in comparison with pure oxygen. However, the permeation rates of nitrogen was increased by the presence of oxygen. The ideal separation factor was in the range of 5 to 6 in the range of temperature and pressure difference studied, and the separation factor of air was lower than the ideal separation factor. The increase of ideal separation factor with increasing temperature is due to the fact that the activation energy for oxygen is larger than that for nitrogen. Nitrogen concentration decreased rapidly with increasing product recovery, and it was found that this is a major operating factor to obtain nitrogen concentration required for controlled atmosphere storage. A relation equation, by which nitrogen concentration in storehouse can be predicted, was suggested under the establishment of a hypothetical model for controlled atmosphere storage process using polyimide membrane system.