• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (IVFP) is believed to be due to inflammation and edema of the recurrent laryngeal nerve caused by viral diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections. Corticosteroid has a potent anti-inflammatory action which should minimize nerve damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral steroid therapy on IVFP. Materials and Method Study was performed for the IVFP patient from January 2012 to August 2017. Patient's dermography, direction and location of paralyzed vocal cords, history of hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and other underlying disease, smoking history, alcohol consumption and upper respiratory tract infection, and symptoms were investigated. Treatment was divided into three groups: the observation group, low-dose group, and high-dose group, and the recovery rate and time of vocal cord paralysis were analyzed in each group. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in this study. There was no relationship between oral steroid use, dosage and recovery of vocal cord paralysis. Oral steroids showed a rapid recovery of vocal cord paralysis, but there was no statistically significant difference in the time of recovery of vocal palsy with or without steroids (p=0.673). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in recovery rate between the period to start of treatment, presence of diabetes mellitus, and treatment modality, but the recovery rate was high in the group with upper respiratory tract infection history (p=0.041). Conclusion In IVFP, oral steroid therapy has no significant difference in time and extent of recovery compared to the case of spontaneous recovery.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to optimize the four-bed six-step pressure swing adsorption(PSA) process for high purity $CH_4$ recovery from the biogas. The effects of P/F(purge to feed) ratio and cycle time on the process performance were evaluated. The cyclic steady-states of PSA process were reached after 12 cycles. The purity and recovery rate of product gas, pressure and temperature changes were constant as the cycle repeated. It was shown that the P/F ratio gave significant effect on the product recovery rate by increasing the amount of purge gas in purge and regeneration step. The optimal P/F ratio was found to be 0.08. As the cycle time increased, the product purity decreased by increasing the feed gas flow rate. It was found that the optimal operating conditions were P/F ratio of 0.08 and total cycle time of 1,440 seconds with the purity of 97%.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

Hydrogen isotopes, which are used as raw materials in fusion reaction, participate in the reaction only in small amount, and most of them are released together with impurities. In order to recover and reuse only hydrogen isotopes from this exhaust gas, a recovery process is required, and most of the hydrogen isotopes can be recovered using a Pd Membrane. In this study, the recovery rate of hydrogen isotopes was measured through the first and second stage Pd membrane experiments. In the case of the experiment using a single stage Pd membrane, about 99.2%, and in the case of the first stage and second stage Pd membrane connection experiments, a recovery rate of 99.9% or more was obtained. Therefore, the recovery rate of Pd membrane process applied to hydrogen can be applied to hydrogen isotopes. In addition, the simulation model was established using aspen custom modeler, a commercial software, and the validity of the simulation was checked by applying the references and experimental data. The simulation results based on the experimental data showed a difference of 2% or less.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1163-1171
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• 2021

Objective: To analyze the correlations between intraoperative ultrasound and MRI metrics of the spinal cord in degenerative cervical myelopathy and identify novel potential predictive ultrasonic indicators of neurological recovery for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent French-door laminoplasty for multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy were followed up for 12 months. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were assessed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Maximum spinal cord compression and compression rates were measured and calculated using both intraoperative ultrasound imaging and preoperative T2-weight (T2W) MRI. Signal change rates of the spinal cord on preoperative T2W MRI and gray value ratios of dorsal and ventral spinal cord hyperechogenicity on intraoperative ultrasound imaging were measured and calculated. Correlations between intraoperative ultrasound metrics, MRI metrics, and the recovery rate JOA scores were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The postoperative JOA scores improved significantly, with a mean recovery rate of 65.0 ± 20.3% (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between the operative ultrasound metrics and MRI metrics. The gray value ratios of the spinal cord hyperechogenicity was negatively correlated with the recovery rate of JOA scores (ρ = -0.638, p = 0.001), while the ventral and dorsal gray value ratios of spinal cord hyperechogenicity were negatively correlated with the recovery rate of JOA-motor scores (ρ = -0.582, p = 0.004) and JOA-sensory scores (ρ = -0.452, p = 0.035), respectively. The dorsal gray value ratio was significantly higher than the ventral gray value ratio (p < 0.001), while the recovery rate of JOA-motor scores was better than that of JOA-sensory scores at 12 months post-surgery (p = 0.028). Conclusion: For degenerative cervical myelopathy, the correlations between intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative T2W MRI metrics were not significant. Gray value ratios of the spinal cord hyperechogenicity and dorsal and ventral spinal cord hyperechogenicity were significantly correlated with neurological recovery at 12 months postoperatively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

Box-Behnken Design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to optimization the operating parameters and assess the removal and recovery efficiencies of crude oil from contaminated soil using subcritical water extraction. The effects of temperature, extraction time and water flow rate were explored, and the results indicate that temperature has a great impact on crude oil removal and recovery. The correlation coefficients for oil removal ($R^2=0.74$) and recovery ($R^2=0.98$) suggest that the proposed quadratic model is useful. When setting the target removal and recovery (>99%), BBD-RSM determined the optimum condition to be a temperature of $250^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 120 min, and water flow rate of 1 mL/min. An experiment was carried out to confirm the results, with removal and recovery efficiencies of 99.69% and 87.33%, respectively. This result indicates that BBD is a suitable method to optimize the process variables for crude oil removal and recovery from contaminated soil.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.47-62
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• 2024

Purpose: This retrospective study analyzed the effects of advanced life support on the recovery of spontaneous circulation (SC) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: The subjects of this study were out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients transferred to the hospital by 119 paramedics in Gyeongsangbuk-do from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, amounting to a total of 2,524 patients. Results: The younger the age, the higher the probability of recovery of spontaneous circulation, and it was higher when cardiac arrest occurred in a public place or was witnessed. If the patient's initial electrocardiogram rhythm is defibrillable, the probability of recovery from spontaneous circulation is high. The recovery of the spontaneous circulation rate decreased with time between the time of report and the time of contact with the patient. Recovery of the spontaneous circulation rate was high when mechanical chest compression devices and advanced airways were not used. Additionally, this study had positive effects on defibrillation, peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, and epinephrine infusion. Conclusion: Paramedics should actively perform peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and epinephrine infusion, and it should be possible to clearly determine whether defibrillation should be applied through electrocardiographic education.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various discontinuous Percoll washing conditions on motile sperm recovery rate and motion kinematics. Frozen semen samples from 3 bulls (0.5 ml plastic straws, 6% glycerol in egg yolk-Tris-glycerol extender) were thawed in $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 1 min. After thawing, the mixed semen samples were randomly allocated to 12 treatment groups. Briefly, the spermatozoa were centrifuged for three different time lengths (10, 20, and 30 min) at two gravities ($300{\times}g$ and $700{\times}g$) through two concentrations of discontinuous Percoll density gradient of 1 ml 90%: 1 ml 45% Percoll and 2 ml 90%: 2 ml 45% Percoll to remove extender, debris, and dead spermatozoa. Motile sperm recovery rate and motion kinematics were evaluated by computer assisted sperm analyzer using Makler counting chamber. Sperm motility (%) and motile sperm recovery rate showed similar pattern in all treatment groups. However, sperm motility (%) and motile sperm recovery rate were highest at $700{\times}g$ for 30 min through a discontionous Percoll density gradient of 1 ml 90%: 1 ml 45% Percoll. There were no significant differences in motion kinematics after various Percoll washings. These results suggest that force of centrifugation, centrifugation time, and Percoll volume significantly affect motile sperm recovery rate.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

We researched characteristics of heat recovery rate and fouling according to structures and materials in heat exchangers like water preheater and air preheater. Economizer and air preheater have used in thermal electric power plant. we made small incinerator and heat exchangers to carry out simulated experiment. We observed fouling formation and change of heat recovery rate, combusting powdered coal for 24 hr. In economizer, fin tube type had the largest amount of fouling formation, followed by tube line type > pipe type > auto washing type according to structures. As heat recovery rate, fin tube showed highest recovery rate, followed by auto washing type > pipe type > tube line type. In air preheater, fin tube type had the largest amount of fouling formation, followed by fin plate type > pipe type > pipe type coated by teflon > pipe type coated by ceramic according to structures. And then, heat recovery rate showed the same oder.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.350-352
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• 1988

This study was carried out to know the influence of turbidity of submerged water on photosynthetic rate of rice plant after water submerging treatment. Rice plants were transplanted in the pot at maximum tillering stage and they were sumberged for 3days at meiotic stage, 20days after transplanting, in the plastic container which had the clear and turbid water temperature adjusted around 24 to $25^{\circ}C$. Photosynthetic rate at 6 hours recovery after submergence was 41.5 to 54.2% compared to the control, but in the case of cultivar 'Nagdongbyeo', it was rapidly increased by 97.3 to 104.6% in the clear water and by 68.6 to 77.5% in the turbid water at 2 to 4 days recovery after submergence. Photosynthetic rates per plants at 6 hours to 4 days recovery after submergence were 128.3 to 245.5 $C_2$ mg.hr.$^{-1}$, in 'Samgamgbyeo' and 71.1 to 162.4 $CO_2$, mgㆍhr.$^{-1}$ in 'Nagdongbyeo' Photosynthetic rate to respiration ratio of rice plant recovery after submergence was lower compared to control plant and it was lower in 'Nagdongbyeo' than that in 'Samgangbyeo'.ngbyeo' than that in 'Samgangbyeo'.gangbyeo'.pos;.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2015

The recent increase in the production of 3D contents allowed viewers to experience various 3D contents. However, some of the viewers did not experience 3D depth well. Several researches were done in past to measure viewers' 3D depth perception, but these researches were done with certain limitations. In this paper, we measured viewers' 3D depth perception and recovery rate in relation with the changes in binocular disparities, saturation, and brightness values after subjects' watching 2D/3D contents. The results showed that when viewers watched the 3D content with positive binocular disparities for 42 minutes, viewers felt that the object seemed to have moved further forward than it was before; with 3D content with negative binocular disparities, viewers felt that the object seemed to be moved backwards. We found that the locational differences of the object in positive disparities were greater than those in the negative binocular disparities. The recovery rate was computed by comparing two measured values of before and after watching 3D contents for 30 minutes. On average, after 30-minute break, viewers showed roughly 50 % of recovery rate.