• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

최근에 위,변조 영상의 처리이력 복구를 위한 포렌식 툴로서 미디언 필터링 (MF: Median Filtering) 검출기가 크게 고려되고 있다. 미디언 필터링의 분류를 위한 미디언 검출기는 적은 양의 특징 셋과 높은 검출율을 갖도록 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문은 변조된 영상의 미디언 필터링 검출을 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. BMP를 미디언 윈도우 사이즈에 의하여 여러 미디언 필터링 영상으로 변환하고, 윈도우 사이즈에 따른 차분포 값을 계산하여 그 값으로 미디언 필터링 윈도우 사이즈와 같은 특징 셋을 만든다. 미디언 필터링 검출기에서, 특징 셋은 잠재성장 모델링 (LFM: Latent Growth Modeling)을 사용하는 모델 특성으로 변환된다. 실험에서, 테스트 영상은 TP (True Positive)와 FN (False Negative) 두 분류로 판별된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 분류 효율성이 TP와 FN의 혼동에서 최소거리 평균이 0.119로서 훌륭한 성능임이 확인 되었다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, replantation of fingertip amputation, Zone I by Yamano classification, is still difficult because digital arteries branch into small arteries and also digital veins are hard to separate from the immobile soft tissue. However the replantation of fingertip in adults is a well-established procedure, but the replantation in infant or child is still uncommon. Therefore we present one case of replantation of the fingertip of the small finger in 12-months-old patient. Methods: We experienced a 12-months-old male amputation of small finger. It had been amputated completely at the level of Zone I by Yamano classification. Replantation was performed using the arteryonly technique with neither vein nor nerve repair. Because the artery has been damaged, it is still possible to make a direct suture by transposing the arterial arch in an inverted Y to I arterial configuration. Venous drainage was provided by an external bleeding method with partial nail excision and repaired margin for approximately 7 days. Results: We were performed replantation in infant with only-arterial anastomosis successfully, result in good recovery of aesthetic and functional outcome. Conclusion: In conclusion, although fingertip injury was difficult to replantation in infant and child, we must try it. Because of its functional and cosmetic advantage.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

스테그아날리시스(steganalysis)는 스테가노그래피(steganography)에 의해 숨겨진 데이터를 감지하고 복구하기 위한 기법이다. 스테그아날리시스 방법은 데이터 삽입 시 발생하는 시각적, 통계적 변화를 분석하여 숨겨진 데이터를 찾는다. 숨겨진 데이터를 복원하기 위해서는 어떤 스테가노그래피 방법에 의해 데이터가 숨겨졌는지를 알아야 한다. 그러므로 본 논문은 다층 분류를 통해 입력 영상에 적용된 스테가노그래피 방법을 식별하는 계층적 CNN 구조를 제안한다. 이를 위해 4개의 기본 CNN을 각각 입력 영상에 스테가노그래피 방법이 적용되었는지 여부나 서로 다른 두 스테가노그래피 방법 중에 어떤 방법이 적용되었는지를 이진 판별하도록 학습시켰으며, 학습된 CNN을 계층적으로 연결하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안된 계층적 CNN 구조는 4개의 서로 다른 스테가노그래피 방법인 LSB(Least Significant Bit Substitution), PVD(Pixel Value Difference), WOW(Wavelet Obtained Weights), UNIWARD(Universal Wavelet Relative Distortion)을 79%의 정확도로 식별할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2020

Sixteen acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were isolated from blueberries and citric fruits of the Salto Grande region (Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina) using enrichment techniques and plate isolation. Enrichment broths containing ethanol and acetic acid enabled maximum AAB recovery, since these components promote their growth. Biochemical tests allowed classification of the bacteria at genus level. PCR-RFLP of the 16S rRNA and PCR-RFLP of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer allowed further classification at the species level; this required treatment of the amplified products of 16S and 16S-23S ITS ribosomal genes with the following restriction enzymes: AluI, RsaI, HaeIII, MspI, TaqI, CfoI, and Tru9I. C7, C8, A80, A160, and A180 isolates were identified as Gluconobacter frateurii; C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, A70, and A210 isolates as Acetobacter pasteurianus; A50 and A140 isolates as Acetobacter tropicalis; and C9 isolate as Acetobacter syzygii. The bacteria identified by 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP were validated by 16S-23S PCR-RFLP; however, the C1 isolate showed different restriction patterns during identification and validation. Partial sequencing of the 16S gene resolved the discrepancy.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2022

Cerebral aneurysm coil embolization has the advantages of accurate, low patient burden, and fast recovery time, but efforts are needed to reduce dose due to the burden of exposure radiation dose during interventional procedures. In this study, the area dose product(DAP/Gy·cm²) and fluoro time(min) according to the size of the aneurysm and the location of aneurysm were investigated according to insurance recognition regulations aneurysm classification cerebral aneurysm coil embolization. According to the research method, classification according to the size and location of the aneurysm is first, the size of the aneurysm is divided into less than 4mm, more than 4mm to less than 8mm, and more than 8mm, and second, the dose to the area based on the location site (DAP/Gy·cm²) and fluoro time(min) based on the location site were observed. As a result, the location of the cerebral aneurysm procedure was found to be the Paraclinoid site. During cerebral aneurysm coil embolization, the area dose was 107 Gy·cm² and fluoro time was 47.41 minutes, showing lower results than domestic studies, and when comparing the area dose product with foreign studies, the area dose product results were similar to that of Turkey and Saudi Arabia. It is expected that it can be used as an objective analysis indicator to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and patient radiation defense guidelines according to the size of cerebral aneurysm and location of cerebral aneurysm procedures during interventional procedures.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Objectives : A quantitative method using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-PDA) was established for the quantitative analysis of the four main compound and pattern analysis to classification Piiellia ternate, P. pedatisecta and Typhonium flagelliforme. Methods : The analytical procedure for the determination of P. ternata, together with the known main compounds uracil, uridine, guanosine and adenosine was established. Optimum HPLC-PDA separation of these P. ternata was possible on Luna C18(2) column material, using water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The method was validated according to regulatory guidelines. In addition, this assay method were analyzed for the content of four main compound in P. ternata, P. pedatisecta and T. flagelliforme and by data obtained from the HPLC-PDA analysis was performed principal component analysis(PCA). Results : Validation results indicated that the HPLC method is well suited for the determination of the roots of P. ternata with a good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999), precision and recovery rates. Analysis of HPLC-PDA, the average content of uracil, uridine, guanosine and adenosine was significantly higher in P. ternate>P. pedatisecta> T. flagelliforme order. The application of PCA to main compound data by HPLC-PDA permitted the effective discrimination among the three species. Conclusions : Analysis of both HPLC-PDA and PCA confirmed the fact that four main compound and pattern profiles of P. ternata, P. pedatisecta and T. flagelliforme were different from each other.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2023

Background: Common questions about shoulder arthroplasty (SA) searched online by patients and the quality of this content are unknown. The purpose of this study is to uncover questions SA patients search online and determine types and quality of webpages encountered. Methods: The "People also ask" section of Google Search was queried to return 900 questions and associated webpages for general, anatomic, and reverse SA. Questions and webpages were categorized using the Rothwell classification of questions and assessed for quality using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Results: According to Rothwell classification, the composition of questions was fact (54.0%), value (24.7%), and policy (21.3%). The most common webpage categories were medical practice (24.6%), academic (23.2%), and medical information sites (14.4%). Journal articles represented 8.9% of results. The average JAMA score for all webpages was 1.69. Journals had the highest average JAMA score (3.91), while medical practice sites had the lowest (0.89). The most common question was, "How long does it take to recover from shoulder replacement?" Conclusions: The most common questions SA patients ask online involve specific postoperative activities and the timeline of recovery. Most information is from low-quality, non-peer-reviewed websites, highlighting the need for improvement in online resources. By understanding the questions patients are asking online, surgeons can tailor preoperative education to common patient concerns and improve postoperative outcomes. Level of evidence: IV.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2010

북한의 산림은 1970년대부터 산지개간과 땔나무 채취, 벌목 등에 의해 대규모로 황폐화되었으며, 이러한 산림황폐지는 경제적, 환경적, 재해발생 측면에서 반드시 복구되어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 산림황폐지가 대규모로 발견되고 있는 북한 혜산 지역에 대해 산림복구사업 (A/R CDM 사업)을 계획할 수 있는 잠재적 대상지를 추출하기 위한 목적으로, 입목지와 산림황폐지(무립목지, 개간산지, 산간나지)를 보다 정확하게 분류하지 위한 고해상도 영상 기반의 영상분류기법을 개발하고자 한다. 북한의 산림황폐지 유형은 분광특성뿐 아니라 질감특성에 따라 구분될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2.5m SPOT Pan-Sharpened 영상을 이용해 분할영상을 제작하고 이 과정에서 생성된 질감(texture) 정보를 산림피복 분류 시 분광정보와 함께 활용했다. 분할영상의 제작 시 Scale factor 40/Shape Factor 0.3을 적용하였을 떼 각 산림피복 항목을 분리할 수 있는 적절한 규모의 분할조각이 생성되었다. 또한 산림 피복을 가장 잘 분류해내는 최적밴드를 선정한 결과 기존의 분광밴드 1/2/3 에 질감밴드인 GLCM_dissimilarity (밴드2), GLCM homogeneity (밴드2), GLCM_standard deviation (밴드3)를 추가 하였을 때 산림황폐지 유형간 분리도가 가장 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 질감특성을 이용한 분할영상기반 분류결과기법에 따른 분류결과(80.4%)는 분광정보만을 이용하는 방법의 분류결과(70.3%) 보다 정확도가 높았으며, 특히 입목지와 무립목지의 분리에 있어서 약 23~25%의 정확도 향상 효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 직접 현지조사를 하기 어려운 북한지역에 대해 고해상도 위성영상이 효과적인 산림피복분류의 근거를 제공했으며 영상의 분류 시 질감특성을 함께 활용하는 것이 상세한 산림피복 분류에 있어서 정확도 향상에 기여를 할 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a pioneering concept of DPD(Disaster Prevention Design) to realize a securable society in the future. Features of danger in the future society are expected to be diverse, abrupt occurring, large scale, and complicated ways. Due to increment of dangers with their features of uncertainty, interactivity, complexity, and accumulation, human-oriented design concept naturally participates in activities to prevent our society against disasters effectively. We presented DPD is an essential design activity in order to cope with dangers expected in the future societies as well as realize securable environments. DPD is also an integrated design aids including preemptive protections, rapid preparing, recovery, and interactive cooperation. We also expect these activities of DPD is effective for generation of new values in the market, satisfaction of social needs, expansion of design industry, and a novel chance for development in the future society. Throughout this paper, we submit various aspects of DPD concepts including definition, classification, scope, necessity, strategy, influencing elements, process, and its principle. We expect these concepts will be the seed and/or basement of DPD research for the future works. For the direction of study for DPD in the future, we emphasize alarm system for preemptive protection rather than recovery strategy for the damage occurred. We also need to research about progressive prevention techniques and convergence with other areas of design. In order to transfer the concept of product design from facility-oriented mechanism to human-oriented one, we should develop new kinds of city basis facilities, public-sense design concepts referred to social weak-party, e-Learning content design preparing disasters, and virtual simulation design etc. On the other hand, we have to establish laws and regulations to force central and/or provincial governments to have these DPD strategies applying their regional properties. Modern design activities are expanding to UI(user interface) content design area overcoming the conventional design concept of product and/or service. In addition, designers are recognized as art directors or life stylists who will change the human life and create the social value. DPD can be divided into prevention design, preparedness design, response design, and recovery design. Five strategies for successful DPD are Precaution-oriented, Human-oriented, Sense-oriented, Legislation, and Environment Friendly Strategies.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.