• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 한반도에 대해 준 실시간 감시정찰을 수행하기 위한 여러 종류의 위성군 설계 기법들의 장단점을 조사하였다. 또한 지상 궤적 반복궤도 위성군과 워커 위성군을 이용하여 가용한 위성의 수, 궤도면 수 및 위상차에 대해 조합 가능한 모든 경우에서 위성군을 설계하고, 광학 위성과 합성개구레이더(SAR) 위성의 탑재체 제한조건을 반영하여 성능을 분석하였다. 평균 재방문 주기가 30분 이내로 준 실시간 한반도 감시정찰에 적합한 위성군의 특성을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 한반도 지역을 감시·정찰하기 위한 위성군 설계에 대한 전략을 수립하는 데 중요한 자료를 제공할 수 있으며, 나아가 초소형 위성군 운용을 위한 우주전력 구축에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하는 데 기여할 것이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2020

One of the most important steps to consider in utilizing micro-satellites for surveillance or reconnaissance operations is the design of the satellite constellation. The Walker-Delta constellation which is commonly used in designing satellite constellations is not ideal for this operation in which military satellites are required to monitor specific regions continuously in a stable manner. This study aims to discuss the methodology for designing a satellite constellation that is capable of monitoring the fixed region at the fixed time each day by using the Sun synchronous Orbit. The BB(Beach Ball) constellation that we propose outperforms the Walker-Delta constellation in terms of robustness and it holds the merit of being simple in its design, thereby making future expansions more convenient. We expect the BB constellation will have a high applicability as the operational concept of military surveillance satellites is established in the near future.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 현재 궤도상에서 운용중인 위성들을 특정 임무수행을 하도록 각 위성들 을 허용된 추진제량을 초과하지 않는 범위 내에서 궤도기동을 통해 재배치함으로써 일시적인 위성군집궤도를 형성하기 위한 목적궤도 설계기법을 소개하였다. 설계기법의 응용성을 확인하기 위해 본 연구에서는 두 가지 문제, 즉 각각 위성들에 대한 허용 추진제량이 모두 다른 경우 지상의 특정 지역을 정찰하는 문제와 지상을 지속적으로 이동하는 이동 물체를 동일한 허용 추진제량을 가진 위성들을 이용하여 정찰하는 문제를 다루었다. 유전 알고리즘을 이용한 접근방법의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 결과적으로 현재 궤도배치 상에서 획득할 수 있는 평균재방문주기에 비해 재배치된 궤도상에서의 평균재방문주기가 각각 41%, 42% 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 제안된 방법에 의한 결과는 궤도조정 방법, 궤도상황, 센서 특성, 허용 추진제량, 그리고 추력기의 성능에 따라 다소 달라질 수 있다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2016

This paper is about the implementation of the OFDM-based border guard/reconnaissance communication terminal systems. We have implemented Real-time Dynamic DL/UL symbol rate control function using the DL-MAP message, and proposed error detection method caused by malfunctioning and timing optimization method. The proposed scheme detects the variable rate symbol decoding timing without increasing additional physical layer logic, and also provides a wide variety of DL/UL data transfer rate. Furthermore, the proposed scheme applies to the current border guard/reconnaissance equipment and confirms a operation performance through field tests and demonstration at home and abroad.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2008

In the mid 90's, the U.S. government released images acquired by the first generation of photo reconnaissance satellite missions between 1960 and 1972. The Declassified Intelligent Satellite Photographs (DISP) from the Corona mission are of high quality with an astounding ground resolution of about 2 m. The KH-4A panoramic camera system employed a scan angle of $70^{\circ}$ that produces film strips with a dimension of $55\;mm\;{\times}\;757\;mm$. Since GPS/INS did not exist at the time of data acquisition, the exterior orientation must be established in the traditional way by using control information and the interior orientation of the camera. Detailed information about the camera is not available, however. For reconstructing points in object space from DISP imagery to an accuracy that is comparable to high resolution (a few meters), a precise camera model is essential. This paper is concerned with the derivation of a rigorous mathematical model for the KH-4A/B panoramic camera. The proposed model is compared with generic sensor models, such as affine transformation and rational functions. The paper concludes with experimental results concerning the precision of reconstructed points in object space. The rigorous mathematical panoramic camera model for the KH-4A camera system is based on extended collinearity equations assuming that the satellite trajectory during one scan is smooth and the attitude remains unchanged. As a result, the collinearity equations express the perspective center as a function of the scan time. With the known satellite velocity this will translate into a shift along-track. Therefore, the exterior orientation contains seven parameters to be estimated. The reconstruction of object points can now be performed with the exterior orientation parameters, either by intersecting bundle rays with a known surface or by using the stereoscopic KH-4A arrangement with fore and aft cameras mounted an angle of $30^{\circ}$.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2024

Free-space optical communication technology enables the high-speed data transmission and excellent anti-jamming security. We conduct research on satellite-to-ground free-space optical communication links for high-speed transmission of large-capacity surveillance and reconnaissance data. Since the satellite continues to move along its orbit while the optical signal is transmitted between the satellite and the ground, the pointing angle of the beam from the ground terminal needs to be corrected by Point Ahead Angle(PAA) so that the transmitted light reaches the expected location of the satellite. In this paper, we present the algorithm for PAA estimation and control.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.791-800
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• 2021

본 논문은 우주 선진국 및 우리나라의 민/군 지구관측위성 개발 동향에 대해 조사하였으며, 국내 위성사업의 현황 및 향후 방향에 대해 기술하였다. 우주 선진국의 민/군 지구관측위성 개발 동향은 미국, 러시아, 프랑스, 독일, 이탈리아, 이스라엘, 중국 그리고 일본에 대해 조사하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 향후 지구관측위성 개발 방향에 대해 예측하였다. 일반적으로 위성 개발이라는 용어는 위성시스템을 구성하는 위성체, 지상체 및 발사체 등을 모두 포함하여 개발하는 개념으로 사용되지만, 본 논문에서는 위성 시스템이 아닌 위성체 자체의 개발을 중점으로 사용하였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

In this paper, design measure were proposed for the construction of terminal systems for airborne platforms, which are key element in the Joint Tactical Data Link System (JTDLS) complete system. The Korean perfect tactical data link (JTDLS) is a communication system to establish an independent tactical data link network and needs to develop a MIDS-LVT (Link-16) communication terminal for datalink. Once a Ground/Navy JTDLS terminal system is established around airborne platform, it will be possible to break away from reliance on NATO-based tactical data link joint operations and establish independent Korean surveillance reconnaissance real-time data sharing and tactical data link operations concepts. in this paper, the essential development elements of airborne platform mounting and operable JTDLS terminals are presented, and the concept of system design is proposed to embody them. Further, improved system performance was analyzed by applying the concepts of complex relative navigation system and Advanced TDMA protocol for the deployment of airborne tactical datalink networks.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.295-301
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• 2004

Satellite captures images periodically and economically over the area wider than aerial photographs, and reconnaissance to unapproachable area. For these advantages, mapping using high resolution satellite image has high potentials of marketability and development. Therefore, utilization of satellite image in mapping and GIS is expected to be growing and research on describable feature, positional accuracy and, possible mapping scale is urgently needed. This research presented that Quick Bird orthoimage could be used to update digital map on a scale of 1:5,000. Quick Bird image was corrected geometrically based on ground control points. DEM was generated using height data of digital topographic map. The orthoimge was produced by digital differential rectification based on DEM which was generated using height data of digital topographic map(scale 1;5,000 and 1;1,000). When the digital topographic map was overlaid with the orthoimage, it was very easy to find changed region or new features builded after the map compiled.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2023

Surveillance and reconnaissance intelligence in the space domain will become increasingly important in future battlefield environments. Moreover, to assimilate the military provocations and trends of hostile countries, imagery intelligence of the highest possible resolution is required. There are many methods for improving the resolution of optical satellites when observing the ground, such as designing satellite optical systems with a larger diameter and lowering the operating altitude. In this paper, we propose a method for improving ground observation resolution by using an optical system for a previously designed low orbit satellite and lowering the operating altitude of the satellite. When the altitude of a satellite is reduced in a circular orbit, a large amount of thrust fuel is required to maintain altitude because the satellite's altitude can decrease rapidly due to atmospheric drag. However, by using the critical inclination, which can fix the position of the perigee in an elliptical orbit to the observation area, the operating altitude of the satellite can be reduced using less fuel compared to a circular orbit. This method makes it possible to obtain a similar observational resolution of a medium-sized satellite with the same weight and volume as a small satellite. In addition, this method has the advantage of reducing development and launch costs to that of a small-sized satellite. As a result, we designed an elliptical orbit. The perigee of the orbit is 300 km, the apogee is 8,366.52 km, and the critical inclination is 116.56°. This orbit remains at its lowest altitude to the Korean peninsula constantly with much less orbit maintenance fuel compared to the 300 km circular orbit.