• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.110
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• pp.544-550
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• 2006

The interaction between people and sound and the way how people consciously perceive their environment are central approach to soundscape research. In this respect, this paper aims to clarify the relationship between water-sound level and recognition region in urban area. As a passive soundscape facility, fountain is a useful way to give place such as public square, park identity and vitality. In this study, to know the optimistic distance and sound level range from fountain, sound levels due to distance were measured and subject responses were checked by questionnaire. As a result, levels from 63 dB to 67 dB were recommended by subjects and moving forward to fountain less satisfactory than backward. Moving forward 5 m and backward 5 m(total range 10 m): there was a difference in satisfaction ratio by 2,5 out of 10. The results of this study could be used for street furniture location design and P.A. system output level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.6 s.99
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• pp.645-651
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• 2005

The construction noise Is one of the main causes of environmental impact. The complaints about it have been increasing every year. In order to reduce construction machinery noise, the product noise labeling for construction machinery has been recommended since 1 February 1996 and In the near future the government will convert the recommended product noise labeling to the mandatory product noise labeling for high noise construction machinery. Therefore, we investigated the noise and vibration level of 302 construction machines in construction work sites. This paper presents the basic data that will be used for setting the standard of construction machinery noise and predicting the noise level near construction work sites in environmental Impact assessment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.548-553
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• 2004

The construction noise has been considered as one of environment pollution and complaints about it have been increasing every year. In order to reduce construction machinery noise, the product noise labeling for construction machinery has been recommended since 1 February 1996 and in the near future the government will convert the recommended product noise labeling to the mandatory product noise labeling fir high noise construction machinery. Therefore, we investigated the noise and vibration level of 302 construction machines and the effect of noise reduction for the soundproof facilities in construction work sites to support the policy of the government. Additionally, we present the basic data that will be used for setting the standard of construction machinery noise and predicting the noise level near construction work sites in environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.585-591
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• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to measure the dietary folate intake of Korean women of childbearing age. Folate intake obtained from 24-hour recall method and food frequency questionnaire was assessed in two hundred and ninety-three nonpregnant and non-lactating healthy women of childbearing age. The mean folate intake of women aged 20-29 was 112.8ug/day, 49.3% of their recommended level of 250ug/day. Folate intake of women aged 30-49 was 129.0ug/day, significantly higher than that of participants aged 20-29. A quartile analysis on the folate intake revealed that there significant differences in the consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables (p<0.01), other vegetables (p<0.01), and fruits and legumes(p<0.05) between the highest of childbearing age is far from adequate. To reach of the present study show that the folate intake of Korean women of childbearing age is far from adequate. To reach the recommended intake level of 250ug/day for women of childbearing age, folate supplementation and special nutrition education promoting folate intake might be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

The noise environment was evaluated using the ISO recommended NR evaluation curve and PSIL (Preferred Sound Interference Level) in order to investigate the onboard educational environment according to the noise in the Motor Vessel Saehaerim, a fishing training ship under making way. As a result, NRNs were measured at 37-61 dB in accommodation areas, 44-56 dB in work areas, 37-57 dB in educational and conference areas, 83-103 dB in engine areas and 65.3 dB and 51.2 dB in the work and education areas respectively based on PSIL. The NRNs, which evaluated the cabin of the experimental ship according to the purpose, exceeded all of the indoor standard noise recommended by the ISO, and the PSIL had a generally short conversational distance within 0.25-2.3 m and 0.75-1.3 m for teaching and work areas.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.203-223
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• 2014

This study proposes a novel context-aware recommender system, which is designed to recommend the items according to the customer's responses to the previously recommended item. In specific, our proposed system predicts the user's emotional state from his or her responses (such as facial expressions and movements) to the previous recommended item, and then it recommends the items that are similar to the previous one when his or her emotional state is estimated as positive. If the customer's emotional state on the previously recommended item is regarded as negative, the system recommends the items that have characteristics opposite to the previous item. Our proposed system consists of two sub modules-(1) emotion prediction module, and (2) responsive recommendation module. Emotion prediction module contains the emotion prediction model that predicts a customer's arousal level-a physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli-using the customer's reaction data including facial expressions and body movements, which can be measured using Microsoft's Kinect Sensor. Responsive recommendation module generates a recommendation list by using the results from the first module-emotion prediction module. If a customer shows a high level of arousal on the previously recommended item, the module recommends the items that are most similar to the previous item. Otherwise, it recommends the items that are most dissimilar to the previous one. In order to validate the performance and usefulness of the proposed recommender system, we conducted empirical validation. In total, 30 undergraduate students participated in the experiment. We used 100 trailers of Korean movies that had been released from 2009 to 2012 as the items for recommendation. For the experiment, we manually constructed Korean movie trailer DB which contains the fields such as release date, genre, director, writer, and actors. In order to check if the recommendation using customers' responses outperforms the recommendation using their demographic information, we compared them. The performance of the recommendation was measured using two metrics-satisfaction and arousal levels. Experimental results showed that the recommendation using customers' responses (i.e. our proposed system) outperformed the recommendation using their demographic information with statistical significance.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.495-500
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• 2005

To compare the efficacy of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma and Sinomenii Caulis which are medicinal plants used as Bang Kee(防己), the plants were combined with Astragali Radix and Lycopii Herba into 6 different medicinal decoctions. The specimen decoctions prepared were each decoctions of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma(St), Sinomenii Caulis(Si), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma-Astragali Radix(StA), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma-Lycopii Herba(StL), Sinomenii Caulis-Astragali Radix(SiA) and Sinomenii Caulis-Lycopii Herba(SiL). They were dosed to rats with induced hyperlipidemia. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which St was dosed to, there was no significant effect on the level of Tc, TG, HDLc. And in the group which Si was dosed to, the level of Tc, TG dropped and that of HDLc rose. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which StA was dosed to, there was no significant change in the level of Tc, TG, or HDLc. But in the group which SiA was dosed to, the level of Tc and TG dropped and that of HDLc rose. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which StL was dosed to, the level of TG dropped, but there was no significant change in the level of Tc or HDLc. And in the SiL group, there was no significant change in the level of Tc or TG, but the level of HDLc rose. On diseases such as hyperlipidemia, when using drug couple of Bang Kee-Astragali Radix as a treatment, Sinomenii Caulis is recommended rather than Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma, and when using drug couple of Bang Kee-Lycopii Herba as a treatment, Sinomenii Caulis and Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma neither showed significant effect. And as Lycopii Herba interrupts the effect of Sinomenii Caulis, drug couple of Sinomenii Caulis-Lycopii Herba is not recommended.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the factors associated with intoxicated patient's disposition in the pediatric emergency department. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated pediatric intoxicated patients visiting the pediatric emergency department of a hospital between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013. Specifically, we analyzed the association between hospitalization recommended rate and the following variables: patient age group, symptoms, intentional poisoning, decontamination and toxic level of substance. Results: We collected data from 345 patients. A high incidence was noted in the 1-4 years of age group and 10-15 years of age group. Unintentional poisoning occurred in 306 patients (88.7%). A total of 115 patients (33.3%) had symptoms when visiting. Forty three patients (12.5%) ingested cleaning substances, which was the most common agent. Potentially-toxic level was the most common level of the substance. The hospitalization recommended rate associated with visits in 2011 was 2.5 times greater than in 2012 and 2013, decontamination was 2.0 times greater than no decontamination, and poisoning with potentially-toxic substances was 2.6 times greater than poisoning with other toxic substances. Additionally, the hospitalization recommended rate associated with symptomatic patients was 2.4 times greater than that of asymptomatic patients and intentional poisoning was 2.4 times greater than unintentional poisoning. Conclusion: Patients with decontamination, ingestion of potentially-toxic substances, symptoms and intentional poisoning had increased hospitalization rates. In addition, the hospitalization rate for patients who visited in 2011 was greater than that of patients who visited in 2012 or 2013.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : Voice therapy is proven to be effective, but patients are reluctant to receive the therapy when physicians recommend it. This phenomenon may due to patients'lack of trust in or low satisfaction level of the therapy. This study aimed to evaluate patients'satisfaction level after voice therapy and identify factors that could increase the satisfaction. Materials and Methods : First, the fraction of patients who were recommended voice therapy ahead and completed it was studied, and survey was conducted on those who finished ten voice therapy sessions. The patients'1) satisfaction level during the therapy, 2) satisfaction level about physician's explanation about the therapy, 3) willingness to recommend, 4) satisfaction level about the results were assessed, and was correlated with overall satisfaction level. In each category, patients' gender-, age-, and disease type-related differences were analyzed. Results : Patients under 19 years old were most satisfied during the voice therapy; patients above 40 years old showed statistically significantly higher satisfaction level regarding satisfaction with physician explanation about treatments and with treatment results compared to other ages groups. Patients above 40 also showed the highest willingness to recommend. 26.5% of patients either refused to or discontinued voice therapy. 84.3% were satisfied with treatment results. Considering variabilities among factors, patients'satisfaction with physician explanation about treatment and willingness to recommend had positive correlation. Conclusion : Though 26.3% of patients received voice therapy when physicians recommended, patients who completed the therapy were overall satisfied.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

In order to find out the effects of shading and nitrogen fertilizer on $NO_3^-$ accumulation in the edible parts of chinese cabbage, Cutivar, "Seoul", was cultivated in the pots under glasshouse condition with different rates of shading(0, 15, 30, 50, 75%) and nitrogen fertilization(recommended level, and double rate of recommended level). Leaf length, leaf width, yield (leaf weight), root width and root weight in the 15% shading rate showed the highest value, but decreased in the over 30% shading rates. The highest yield showed in the plot of the 15% shading rate with double rate application of recommended N level. High rate of shading increased the $NO_3^-$ accumulation, especially in midrib and outer leaf compared to leaf blade and inner leaf, respectively. The average $NO_3^-$ accumulation of edible parts of chinese cabbage are $4,872mg\;kg^{-1}$(outer midrib), $2,363mg\;kg^{-1}$(inner midrib), $1,405mg\;kg^{-1}$(outer leaf blade) and $727mg\;kg^{-1}$(inner leaf blade). $NO_3^-$ accumulation of outer midrib in the plots of double application of recommended N level were no difference between shading rate containing $5,000{\sim}6,000mg\;kg^{-1}$ $NO_3^-$, while in the plots of recommended N level it was increased by elevating shading rate. It was concluded that overuse of nitrogen fertiliration for chinese cabbage in glasshouse condition might lead to increase $NO_3^-$ accumulation. It could be advisable to cut out both the out leaf blade and outer midrib which might accumulate the high concentration of $NO_3^-$ before consumption.