• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

A colonoscopy is important because it detects the presence of polyps in the colon that can lead to colon cancer. How often one needs to repeat a colonoscopy may depend on various factors. The main purpose of this study is to determine personalized surveillance interval of colonoscopy based on characteristics of patients including their clinical information. The clustering analysis using a partitioning around medoids algorithm was conducted on 625 patients who had a medical examination at Korea University Anam Hospital and found several subgroups of patients. For each cluster, we then performed survival analysis that provides the probability of having polyps according to the number of days until next visit. The results of survival analysis indicated that different survival distributions exist among different patients' groups. We believe that the procedure proposed in this study can provide the patients with personalized medical information about how often they need to repeat a colonoscopy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3550-3565
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• 2019

This paper proposes a new measurement method for the effective measurement of the 99% occupied bandwidth (OBW) at monitoring stations. Although the OBW measurement of radio signal is recommended by the International Telecommunication Union Radio (ITU-R) with several methods, there still does not exist a clear measurement recommendation or standard for terrestrial DTV signal on-air environment. Modified adjacent channel power ratio (MACPR), which can be applied to 8-VSB (Vestigial Side Band) DTV (Digital Television) signal, is herein defined to verify the results of measurements obtained using the proposed measurement method. MACPR is a proper measuring parameter for determining the measuring area of a monitoring station. From measurement results obtained in real field environment, it has been found that the OBW of 8-VSB DTV signal can be effectively measured in areas where the MACPR value is over 35 dB and when the measurements are repeated more than 600 times in the same reception site. It also has been verified that measured results are within an error range of +/-0.1% compared to results directly obtained at a transmission station. It is expected that the proposed method is able to be employed in order to determine the proper location of monitoring station and provide a reliable OBW measurement procedure for 8-VSB DTV signal on-air environment.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between conscious sedation, a moderate sedation method used to reduce dental fear, and anxiety. Methods: The previously developed modified dental anxiety investigation scale (MDAS) and dental fear investigation scale (DFS) were investigated using a self-administered survey for adults aged 19 to 65 years old who visited a dental clinic located in Daegu City from April to November 2020. Those who met the ASA Recommendation Level 1 to 2 were the subjects of this study. The participants were evaluated using the sedation severity rating scale (OAA/S) during the implementation of conscious sedation. A lot of 106 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Dental fear and anxiety decreased significantly after dental care with conscious sedation. Dental fear after dental care accompanied by conscious sedation was statistically significant in females, those under the age of 40, those with a bachelor's degree or higher, and those who weighed 60 kg or less. Conclusions: Dental care using conscious sedation was found to have an effect on the reduction of dental fear after the dental procedure. Dental fear can occur in people of all ages, and, regardless of the individual's general and physical characteristics, conscious calming is considered an effective intervention for dental fear in all adults.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2023

Background: The Friends and Family Test (FFT) developed by the UK National Health Service evaluates whether patients are satisfied with a service provided, where improvements are needed, and how likely patients are to recommend the intervention. Calculated from the FFT, the Net Promoter Score (NPS) creates a recommendation metric for treatment. The primary aim of this prospective study is to evaluate NPS for arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) and rotator cuff repair (RCR). Secondary aims are to postoperatively evaluate 1-year changes in patients' Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSSs) in terms of the proportion of patients satisfied with their surgery and correlation with FFT. Methods: During a 2-year period, all patients undergoing ASD or RCR completed questionnaires prospectively. Collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 year. Results: NPSs were 31 for ASD (n=32) and 52 for RCR (n=39). OSSs increased by 4.3 and 6.9 for ASD and RCR, respectively (P<0.001). Overall, 75% of ASD and 77% of RCR patients were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied," respectively, with procedure outcomes. Scores from FFT had a positive correlation with improvement in OSS and satisfaction scores among patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgeries (P<0.001). Conclusions: The current study shows positive NPS outcomes in patients with ASD and RCR. Scores from FFT correlate well with both satisfaction and OSS among patients. NPS can be an adjunct to traditional patient-reported outcome measures to provide global evaluation of patient experiences to aid in determining the clinical value of common procedures in shoulder orthopaedics. Level of evidence: III.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to design strategic hospital service based on each hospital's features. For this study, an assessment was conducted by 398 in-patents of one university hospital located in Seoul. The self-questionnaires, which were investigated from Oct. 15th to 29th in 2008, compared central reception desk with ward reception desk in satisfaction and re-use rate of patients. The major results of this study are as follow. First, according to each reception desk user, they have different satisfaction of it. As for the staff kindness, admission procedure, discharge procedure and manner of staff, those made patients be gratified as well. Second, when it comes to the intention of re-use, there were no significant features between them. Only convenience in admission and discharge procedure, however, was an attractive factor for the recommendation. Third, this study found out the reasons for higher re-use rate of central reception desk users. Regarding service, they were contented with the time for test and treatment. As for the hospital service, they would like to re-use this hospital because of convenient steps of paying interim fee and getting certificates. Forth, this study found out the reasons for higher re-use rate of ward reception desk users. As a point of hospital service view, they responded that respected privacy, hospital facility and general service were good for staying. As for the manner of staff, they mentioned nurses and staff in charge and whole staff members were kind. When it comes to the procedures of patient management, steps of discharge and paying interim fee were convenience. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that providing a ward reception desk service can boost the satisfaction and re-use rate of in-patients. Furthermore, this strategic management method would be good for not only cutting the moving line but also efficient in-patient care system. These results can be used for the strategic hospital marketing field, as well. Even though this study has a limitation of the targeted populations which were only in a ward reception desk running hospital, it can say that having competitiveness in satisfaction of hospital service is good for promoting and differencing each hospital. Consequently, whole general management system would be adjusted first for differencing each hospital; however, this sort of additional factor should be concerned as well. I expect that this study would give meaningful data for designing strategic and differencing marketing method to lots of hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2020

The Korean Society of Urogenital Radiology (KSUR) aimed to present a consensus statement for patient preparation, standard technique, and pain management in relation to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) to reduce the variability in TRUS-Bx methodologies and suggest a nationwide guideline. The KSUR guideline development subcommittee constructed questionnaires assessing prebiopsy anticoagulation, the cleansing enema, antimicrobial prophylaxis, local anesthesia methods such as periprostatic neurovascular bundle block (PNB) or intrarectal lidocaine gel application (IRLA), opioid usage, and the number of biopsy cores and length and diameter of the biopsy needle. The survey was conducted using an Internet-based platform, and responses were solicited from the 90 members registered on the KSUR mailing list as of 2018. A comprehensive search of relevant literature from Medline database was conducted. The strength of each recommendation was graded on the basis of the level of evidence. Among the 90 registered members, 29 doctors (32.2%) responded to this online survey. Most KSUR members stopped anticoagulants (100%) and antiplatelets (76%) one week before the procedure. All respondents performed a cleansing enema before TRUS-Bx. Approximately 86% of respondents administered prophylactic antibiotics before TRUS-Bx. The most frequently used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins. PNB was the most widely used pain control method, followed by a combination of PNB plus IRLA. Opioids were rarely used (6.8%), and they were used only as an adjunctive pain management approach during TRUS-Bx. The KSUR members mainly chose the 12-core biopsy method (89.7%) and 18G 16-mm or 22-mm (96.5%) needles. The KSUR recommends the 12-core biopsy scheme with PNB with or without IRLA as the standard protocol for TRUS-Bx. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents should be discontinued at least 5 days prior to the procedure, and antibiotic prophylaxis is highly recommended to prevent infectious complications. Glycerin cleansing enemas and administration of opioid analogues before the procedure could be helpful in some situations. The choice of biopsy needle is dependent on the practitioners' situation and preferences.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2014

As mobile devices that can be connected to the Internet have spread and networking has become possible whenever/wherever, the Internet has become central in the dissemination and consumption of news. Accordingly, the ways news is gathered, disseminated, and consumed have changed greatly. In the traditional news media such as magazines and newspapers, expert editors determined what events were worthy of deploying their staffs or freelancers to cover and what stories from newswires or other sources would be printed. Furthermore, they determined how these stories would be displayed in their publications in terms of page placement, space allocation, type sizes, photographs, and other graphic elements. In turn, readers-news consumers-judged the importance of news not only by its subject and content, but also through subsidiary information such as its location and how it was displayed. Their judgments reflected their acceptance of an assumption that these expert editors had the knowledge and ability not only to serve as gatekeepers in determining what news was valuable and important but also how to rank its value and importance. As such, news assembled, dispensed, and consumed in this manner can be said to be expert-based recommended news. However, in the era of Internet news, the role of expert editors as gatekeepers has been greatly diminished. Many Internet news sites offer a huge volume of news on diverse topics from many media companies, thereby eliminating in many cases the gatekeeper role of expert editors. One result has been to turn news users from passive receptacles into activists who search for news that reflects their interests or tastes. To solve the problem of an overload of information and enhance the efficiency of news users' searches, Internet news sites have introduced numerous recommendation techniques. Recommendations based on popularity constitute one of the most frequently used of these techniques. This popularity-based approach shows a list of those news items that have been read and shared by many people, based on users' behavior such as clicks, evaluations, and sharing. "most-viewed list," "most-replied list," and "real-time issue" found on news sites belong to this system. Given that collective intelligence serves as the premise of these popularity-based recommendations, popularity-based news recommendations would be considered highly important because stories that have been read and shared by many people are presumably more likely to be better than those preferred by only a few people. However, these recommendations may reflect a popularity bias because stories judged likely to be more popular have been placed where they will be most noticeable. As a result, such stories are more likely to be continuously exposed and included in popularity-based recommended news lists. Popular news stories cannot be said to be necessarily those that are most important to readers. Given that many people use popularity-based recommended news and that the popularity-based recommendation approach greatly affects patterns of news use, a review of whether popularity-based news recommendations actually reflect important news can be said to be an indispensable procedure. Therefore, in this study, popularity-based news recommendations of an Internet news portal was compared with top placements of news in printed newspapers, and news users' judgments of which stories were personally and socially important were analyzed. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, content analyses were used to compare the content of the popularity-based news recommendations of an Internet news site with those of the expert-based news recommendations of printed newspapers. Five days of news stories were collected. "most-viewed list" of the Naver portal site were used as the popularity-based recommendations; the expert-based recommendations were represented by the top pieces of news from five major daily newspapers-the Chosun Ilbo, the JoongAng Ilbo, the Dong-A Daily News, the Hankyoreh Shinmun, and the Kyunghyang Shinmun. In the second stage, along with the news stories collected in the first stage, some Internet news stories and some news stories from printed newspapers that the Internet and the newspapers did not have in common were randomly extracted and used in online questionnaire surveys that asked the importance of these selected news stories. According to our analysis, only 10.81% of the popularity-based news recommendations were similar in content with the expert-based news judgments. Therefore, the content of popularity-based news recommendations appears to be quite different from the content of expert-based recommendations. The differences in importance between these two groups of news stories were analyzed, and the results indicated that whereas the two groups did not differ significantly in their recommendations of stories of personal importance, the expert-based recommendations ranked higher in social importance. This study has importance for theory in its examination of popularity-based news recommendations from the two theoretical viewpoints of collective intelligence and popularity bias and by its use of both qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative methods (questionnaires). It also sheds light on the differences in the role of media channels that fulfill an agenda-setting function and Internet news sites that treat news from the viewpoint of markets.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.475-487
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• 1998

This is a study to search for the ethical basis for valid informed consent of organ donors. It is an admirable action that a person give his own body part or organ as a gift to another person. The organ for transplantation can be removed only when the donor consents voluntarily to donation. It is recently proposed as the need for organ transplantation is increased that organs can be harvested although the consent of deceased cannot be obtained. This may raise many moral issues because human beings all have an unalienable right to control their own bodies. The principle of autonomy is usually regarded as an ethical basis for informed consent. However, some people criticize that the principle of autonomy requires a person and his decision to be autonomous (but there are many patients who aren't autonomous due to their confusion or unconscious condition in a clinical situation). or this principle can foster indifference to patients needing help: thus respect for principles of care and beneficence is necessary. When we consider the complexity of making a decision about organ donation. the principle of autonomy should be replaced by the principle of respect for individual autonomy. as expressed by Childress (1990). This principle requires the care givers to respect the client's individual decisions. The elements of informed consent are threshold elements: competence to understand and decide. voluntariness in deciding: information elements: disclosure of material information. recommendation of a plan. understanding of disclosure and recommendation: and consent elements: decision in favor of a plan. authorization of the chosen plan. In cases of living donors. the elements of competence and voluntariness are more important than the others. So only an adult can give a recipient his own body part. but it should be forbidden to harvest from minors or protected adults (i.e. developmentally disabled person However. when organs are removed from a cadaver donor. we ought to respect the donor's decision. So we ought to try to seek donor cards or any documents expressing the donor's opinion about organ transplant. All health care givers ought to disclose donor information about organ transplantation clearly enough for the donor to understand it and to be able to weigh the harms and benefits. We are going to propose 'the subjective standard' as the ethical standard of disclosure. This standard will assure that patients have enough information to be able to decide autonomously from their own position. Care givers have to consider the method of disclosure because donors can be influenced by it positively or negatively, Establishment of the Hospital Committee is recommended. because medical professionals will have a chance to discuss the procedure of decision and the validity of harvesting a organ from a person.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제49호
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• pp.39-63
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• 2016

2009년 9월 24일 헌법재판소는 야간집회에 대해 '헌법불합치' 결정 후, 2014년 3월 27일 "야간 시위에 대해서도 자정까지는 허용해야한다"며 '한정위헌' 결정을 했다. 이후, 집시법에 대한 개정은 이루어지지 않고 2016년 10월에 이르고 있다. '입법불비' 논란 속에서, 2016년 유령집회에 대해 과태료 부과 및 집회 개최 사실통지 의무, 경찰관서장의 집회 개최장소 및 시간대 분할 개최 권유 등 일부 항목이 개정 또는 신설되면서 국민의 기본권 편익을 도모하였다. 그러나, 이번 개정 집시법에는 철회신고서를 중복 집회에 한정하고 있고, 경찰관서장에게 장소 시간의 분할에 대한 권유만 할 수 있을 뿐 일정한 권한이 없어 형식적인 절차로 끝날 것으로 예상된다. 또, 집회개최 1시간 전 통지 의무에 대해서는 처벌조항이 없어 이를 강제할 수 없는 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 2016년 개정된 집시법을 중심으로 분석 후 보완 수정되어야 할 부분에 대해 정책적 제언을 하였다. 집시법은 2009년 이후 '입법불비' 상태로 있는 야간집회 시위를 포함하여 앞으로도 계속 수정 보완 되어야 하는 문제점을 안고 있다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2015

최근 개인 단말기의 보급과 객체간의 네트워크 연결이 확산됨에 따라 방대한 양의 상황 정보들이 수집되고 있지만 역설적으로 사용자들과 서비스 제공자들은 정보의 홍수 속에서 종종 잘못된 의사결정을 내리고 있다. 이러한 정보 과부하 문제를 해결하기 위해 추천 시스템은 좋은 대안이 될 수 있지만 전통적인 추천 시스템은 다양한 형태의 상황 정보 사용에 한계를 보이고 있다. 또한 획득 가능한 상황 정보가 다양해지고 방대해짐에 따라 이를 활용한 추천 시스템은 복잡성의 문제를 해결해야 하며 지속적으로 변화되는 사용자 선호 및 상황에 부합할 수 있도록 실시간 서비스가 가능하도록 설계되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상황 영역의 개념을 기반으로 한 상황 인식 추천 서비스 방법론을 제안하여 추천 시스템에서 상황정보를 활용하는 한편 복잡성 및 실시간 서비스 제공의 문제를 해결하려 한다. 먼저 적절한 해석과 구조로 상황 데이터를 사용자 프로필에 반영할 수 있도록 상황 영역 개념에 기반한 프로파일링을 제안함에 따라 기존의 상황 인식 추천 시스템이 가지고 있던 복잡성의 한계를 해결하고자 한다. 다음으로 목표 사용자의 상황 영역에 기반한 이웃 집단 탐색으로 추천 시스템의 희박성과 신규 사용자 문제를 해결하는 한편 현재의 상황 정보에 대한 해석으로 도출되는 상황 지지 점수를 기반으로 한 추천 목록을 생성하여 실시간 서비스가 가능한 방법론을 제안한다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법론은 추천 시스템의 적용 영역을 확장하는 연구가 될 것으로 기대되며 새로운 기술 출현을 고려한 유연한 모델을 제안함에 따라 마케팅 담당자나 서비스 제공자들이 쉽게 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법론을 적용할 수 있으리라 판단된다.