• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2011

본 연구는 중국유학생 한식메뉴 선호도와 급식의 만족도를 알아보기 위하여 목포대학교에 재학중인 중국유학생 총 167명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 조사대상자의 일반적 특성, 한식재료 총 40종의 기호도, 중국학생들의 식습관, 한국음식의 인지도와 선호도, 기숙사 급식실태, 급식서비스 속성에 대한 중요도와 만족도 등을 비교, 분석하였다. 조사대상자는 '남자'가 90명(53.9%), 한국체류 기간은 '1학기 거주'가 97명(58.1%), 건강상태는 '건강함'이 80명(47.9%)임을 알 수 있었다. 한국음식에 대한 인식도로는 '맛이 담백'이 $3.36{\pm}0.95$점, 한국음식 식품군별 기호도는 고기류에서 '쇠고기'가 78명(46.7%), 생선류는 '갈치'가 48명(28.7%), 야채류에서는 '배추'가 39명(24.4%), 과일류는 '귤'이 82명(49.1%), 우유 및 유제품은 '흰우유'가 65명(38.9%) 등이 가장 높았다. 식습관 중 편식여부는 큰 차이가 없었고, 식사하는 이유로는 '공복감 해소'가 72명(43.1%)으로 가장 높았다. 한끼 식사량으로는 '적당하게'가 98명(58.7%), 식사를 거르는 이유로는 '시간이 없어서'가 81명(48.5%), 식습관에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 '가족의 식습관'이 92명(55.1%), 식습관 중 가장 큰 문제라고 생각하고 있는 것으로는 '불규칙한 식사시간'이 67명(40.1%)으로 가장 높았다. 한식 메뉴별 인지도에서는 배추김치, 불고기, 깍두기, 삼겹살, 떡볶이, 갈비탕, 곰탕 순, 선호도에서는 불고기, 돼지갈비찜, 소갈비찜, 닭갈비찜, 삼겹살, 갈비탕, 닭도리탕 순이었다. 인지도와 선호도간의 차이검증 결과는 비빔밥, 떡국, 된장찌개, 김치찌개, 떡볶이, 잡채, 배추김치, 깍두기(p<0.001)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 전복죽, 비빔국수, 소갈비찜, 돼지갈비찜, 닭갈비찜, 생선매운탕, 곰탕(p<0.01), 호박죽, 불고기, 닭도리탕(p<0.05)에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 기숙사 급식실태는 하루 중 식사 횟수로 '2회'가 79명(47.3%), 식사소요시간으로는 '10~20분 미만'이 109명(65.3%), 급식을 이용하는 이유로는 '의무식 규정이어서'가 62명(37.1%), 급식을 이용하지 않는 이유로는 '맛이 없어서' 76명(45.5%)이 가장 높았고, 식사 시 가장 많이 남기는 음식종류로는 '김치류' 46명(27.5%)이 가장 높았다. 급식서비스 중요도에서는 '식기의 위생'이 $4.22{\pm}0.77$점, 만족도에서는 '식사 후 냅킨 거울 급수시설의 설비'에서 $3.64{\pm}0.80$점으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 중요도와 만족도의 차이검증 결과는 식당의 위치를 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이(p<0.001)가 있었다. 이와 같이 중국유학생들의 급식 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 학생들의 요구에 맞는 맛과 다양성을 추구하고 이를 반영하여 음식 맛을 개선하고 음식 맛을 돋을 수 있는 형태나 외관에 대해서도 만족할 수 있는 조리법을 개발하는 단체급식이 되도록 노력해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2008

본 연구는 유아교육기관에 근무하는 교사들의 구강건강관리실태 및 유아구강보건관리에 대한 인식도를 조사하여 유아구강교육사업을 위한 기초자료로 사용하기 위하여 광주광역시에 소재한 20곳의 어린이집 교사를 대상으로 2008년 4월부터 5월까지 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 교사의 인지된 구강건강상태는 건강한 편이 52.9%로 가장 많았고, 일일 칫솔질 횟수는 3회가 67.1%, 치실질 횟수는 49.3%였다. 가장 많이 사용한 구강위생용품으로는 구강양치용액으로 51.4%였고, 인지하고 있는 구강내 문제는 치아우식증이 45.7%로 가장 높았고, 지각과민증이 30.7%였다. 2. 정기적인 구강검사는 93.6%가 실시하고 있다고 하였고, 구강검사결과를 부모에게 통보하는 경우도 78.6%였으며, 통보 후 치료했는지 확인하는 경우는 60.7%였다. 일과 중 규칙적인 칫솔질 시간이 있는 경우가 95.0%였고, 구강건강과 음식에 대한 교육을 실시하는 경우는 93.6%였다. 3. 교사의 학력별 유아구강보건관리에 대한 인식으로는 전문대학졸업이하에서 현재구강건강관리의 유효성(p < 0.05)과 유치치료필요성에서 대학교졸업이상군에서보다 높았으며, 구강보건전문가로부터의 교육을 받은 경험, 구강보건전문가로부터의 교육 필요성인지, 구강보건관련체험행사 참여의사(p < 0.01), 불소 및 실런트 인지, 치아건강을 고려한 간식제공부분에서 높았다. 유아구강보건관리에서 교사 역할을 전문대학 이하에서는 중요하다가 가장 높았고, 대학교이상에서는 매우 중요하다가 가장 높았다(p < 0.05). 구강관리의 주된 습득경로로는 두 군에서 치과가 가장 높았으며, 바람직한 구강보건교육담당자는 치과병의원인력이 가장 높았으며, 유아구강보건의 중요도도 매우 높다에 가장 많이 응답하였다. 4. 교사의 경력별 유아구강보건관리에 대한 인식은 현재 구강건강관리방식의 유효성과 구강보건교육경험, 교육필요성, 구강보건관련체험행사의 참여의사, 불소 및 실런트 인지, 유치치료의 필요성, 구강건강을 고려한 간식제공 등에서 6년 이상 경력자가 가장 높았지만 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 구강보건관련지식의 습득은 3년 이하에서는 인터넷, 4-5년에서는 신문TV, 6년 이상에서는 치과가 가장 높았다. 구강보건교육의 적임자로는 경력별로 치과병의원인력이 가장 높았으며, 유아구강보건에 대한 중요성에 대하여 모든 군에서 매우 중요하다가 가장 많았지만 군별로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 유아들의 구강보건관리를 위하여 더 많은 교육자료의 개발 및 교육프로그램의 개발과 교사 구강보건교육교육도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2016

본 연구는 공기업에서 측정하는 공공주택단지 조경공사 비용이 '수요자의 요구에 부응하여 투입되고 있는가?'라는 의문에서 출발하였다. 주민들이 조경요소에 대해 인식하고 있는 가치도에 부응하여 조경공사비가 적정한 비율로 투입되고 있는지 여부를 분석해봄으로써 향후 아파트단지 조경공사비 측정의 효율성을 높이기 위한 기초자료 제시를 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구는 관련 이론 고찰과 함께 'J공사'에서 2004년에서 2012년까지 9년간 시행한 수도권 분양 아파트단지 7곳 입주자들을 대상으로 한 설문조사 분석을 통해 수행하였다. 특히 가치인지도 비교 분석에서는 조경요소의 계층을 구분하여 계층별 비율에 근거, 실제 투입된 공사비를 기준으로 비교분석하는 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 입주민들의 아파트 조경에 대한 관심도는 높았고, 조경에 대한 가치도 역시 높게 두고 있었으나, 현실적인 만족도는 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조경요소에 대한 입주민들의 가치도는 '시설물' 요소보다 '식재' 요소에 더 높은 가치를 부여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 입주민들이 조경요소들에 대해 인지하고 있는 가치도와 공사비 투입금액을 상호 비교한 결과, 조경요소에 따라 1.25에서 52배까지 가치도와 실제 투입 공사비와의 비율이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이상의 결과는 가치도와 투입공사비와의 상대적 비율에서 차이가 난다는 것은 공사비 측정 과정에서 입주민의 수요에 부응하지 못하고 있다는 것과 동시에 공사비 투입의 효용성이 낮다는 것을 보여주고 있었다. 따라서 효율적인 아파트 조경공사비 측정을 위해서는 지금까지 해 오던 조경공사비 비율을 그대로 적용하는 관행적인 방식의 틀을 벗어나, 각각의 조경요소들에 대한 입주민들이 느끼는 가치 등 수요자 기반의 미시적 차원에서 조경공사비 투입계획을 수립하고 집행하여야 할 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

본 연구는 치위생학과와 보건계열학과, 비보건계열학과 여학생들의 구강보건인식, 지식, 행태 등에 관하여 비교분석하여 대학생들의 구강건강증진과 구강 보건교육의 기초자료를 제공하고자 광주광역시에 소재한 H대학에 재학 중인 591명을 대상으로 개별자기 기입식 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 구강건강에 대한 관심도, 구강건강에 대한 중요성 인식, 자신의 구강건강상태에 대한 인식 모두 치위생학과 학생이 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 비보건계열, 보건계열 순으로 나타났다. 전공별 구강보건지식 수준은 치위생학과 학생(9.73)이 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 보건계열(9.14), 비보건계열(9.05) 순으로 나타났다. 전공별 구강보건행태에서는 하루에 칫솔질 3회 이상하는 학생과 구강관리용품을 사용하는 학생, 최근 1년 이내 치과정기검진을 받은 학생은 치위생학과가 가장 많았고, 다음으로 보건계열, 비보건계열 순이었다. 최근 1년 이내 치석제거의 경험은 치위생학과가 가장 많았고, 다음은 비보건계열, 보건계열 순으로 나타났다. 구강보건지식이 높을수록 구강건강 관심도와 구강 건강 중요성의 인식도가 높아졌고, 구강건강에 대한 관심도가 높을수록, 구강건강이 중요하다고 인식할수록, 구강건강상태가 건강하다고 인식할수록 칫솔질 횟수가 더 많아지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 구강보건지식이 높을수록 구강보건 인식도가 높아지고 구강건강 실천도도 높아지게 되므로 대학생들을 대상으로 한 다양한 구강보건교육의 개발이나 활용방안을 모색해 나가야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.91-121
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• 2008

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, has become a major business trend in these days. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily by developing the Internet technology. Most electronic commerce has being conducted between businesses to customers; therefore, the researches with respect to e-commerce are to find customer's needs, behaviors through statistical methods. However, the statistical researches, mostly based on a questionnaire, are the static researches, They can tell us the dynamic relationships between initial purchasing and repurchasing. Therefore, this study proposes dynamic research model for analyzing the cause of initial purchasing and repurchasing. This paper is based on the System-Dynamic theory, using the powerful simulation model with some restriction, The restrictions are based on the theory TAM(Technology Acceptance Model), PAM, and TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior). This article investigates not only the customer's purchasing and repurchasing behavior by passing of time but also the interactive effects to one another. This research model has six scenarios and three steps for analyzing customer behaviors. The first step is the research of purchasing situations. The second step is the research of repurchasing situations. Finally, the third step is to study the relationship between initial purchasing and repurchasing. The purpose of six scenarios is to find the customer's purchasing patterns according to the environmental changes. We set six variables in these scenarios by (1) changing the number of products; (2) changing the number of contents in on-line shopping malls; (3) having multimedia files or not in the shopping mall web sites; (4) grading on-line communities; (5) changing the qualities of products; (6) changing the customer's degree of confidence on products. First three variables are applied to study customer's purchasing behavior, and the other variables are applied to repurchasing behavior study. Through the simulation study, this paper presents some inter-relational result about customer purchasing behaviors, For example, Active community actions are not the increasing factor of purchasing but the increasing factor of word of mouth effect, Additionally. The higher products' quality, the more word of mouth effects increase. The number of products and contents on the web sites have same influence on people's buying behaviors. All simulation methods in this paper is not only display the result of each scenario but also find how to affect each other. Hence, electronic commerce firm can make more realistic marketing strategy about consumer behavior through this dynamic simulation research. Moreover, dynamic analysis method can predict the results which help the decision of marketing strategy by using the time-line graph. Consequently, this dynamic simulation analysis could be a useful research model to make firm's competitive advantage. However, this simulation model needs more further study. With respect to reality, this simulation model has some limitations. There are some missing factors which affect customer's buying behaviors in this model. The first missing factor is the customer's degree of recognition of brands. The second factor is the degree of customer satisfaction. The third factor is the power of word of mouth in the specific region. Generally, word of mouth affects significantly on a region's culture, even people's buying behaviors. The last missing factor is the user interface environment in the internet or other on-line shopping tools. In order to get more realistic result, these factors might be essential matters to make better research in the future studies.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to provide the data base for the activation of Quality Improvement operation through investigating the status of Quality Improvement operation, and finding out factors influencing on the goal-orientation of QI performers in the medical centers of more than one hundred beds where are practicing Quality Improvement operation. In order to reach the purpose, document study was carried out grounded on the proceeding researches and formulated statistical data in relation with the status of Quality Improvement performers, and proof study was carried out through questionnaire survey. The subjects of the survey were the Quality Improvement performers working in seventy three medical centers in Pusan-Gyeongnam, Daegu-Gyeongbuk, and Ulsan. Among eighty three Quality Improvement performers, fifty, five were questionnaire surveyed, on the result of which Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis were made, using statistical program. The the results of the proof analysis on this research are as follows. First, in the factors influencing the devoting to goal pursuit of QI performers, organization-goal contribution(0.44) had significant positive effects, while organization conflict(-0.25) had significant negative effects. In other words, the higher the organization-goal contribution was, the higher the devoting to goal pursuit was, while the less the organization conflict was, the higher the devoting to goal pursuit was, which was statistically significant.(p<0.05). Second, in the aspect of goal performance types of QI performers, the process-centered type showed high level of the devoting to goal pursuit, which was statistically significant.(p<0.05). Third, in the aspect of QI performance degree, the higher the devoting to goal pursuit was, the higher the QI performance degree was, which was statistically significant.(p<0.05). In addition, the performers who perceived their workplaces organic structure showed much higher QI performance degree, which statistically significant.(p<0.05). Generalizing the results of this research, it is possible to offer a few suggestions as follows. First, as the competition among the medical centers is more severe recently owing to medical center evaluation system, medical centers are practicing various Quality Improvement operation in all of medical services such as clinical performance and management performance, to reach the purpose of both cost-cutting and medical quality improvement. Thus in order to practice Quality Improvement operation more efficiently in medical centers, it is essential to nuke use of problem-solving methods and statistical members. This as the willingness of chief executives and positive attitude and recognition of organization members. This requires the installation of divisions in charge and disposition of persons in charge, not to speak of persistent training of Quality Improvement. Second, the divisions in charge of QI carry out Quality Improvement operation at the medical center level, and take the role of generalizing and adjusting QI performances of various departments. Owing to this role, the division in charge of QI is considered indispensable organization in the QI operation of medical centers along with medical QI committee, while it contributes to the government's goal of reducing quality level gaps among medical centers. Therefore it is necessary for government and QI organizations to give institutional support and resources for the sake of QI operation of medical centers, besides to supply systematic trainning and informations to the divisions and persons in charge of QI. Third, it is certain that disposition of persons in charge should be determined in view of the scale and the scope of QI operation in medical centers.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1992

This research was carried out on 1,017 production workers for four months from May to August, 1991, to search more effective management method of their health by grasping their knowledge and attitude on industrial health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. As for general characteristics, 74.2% were male and 25.8% were female among the 1,017 workers. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 38.7%. As for education level, graduation from high school was 58.6%, 61.2% were married, 35.9% owned their house, and workers who worked more than 1 year less than 5 years was 52.9%, workers who worked 8 hours a day was 46.7%, the largest group income level was 60~69 thousand won 21.2%, and the degree of satisfaction with work was ordinary, 45.6%. 2. The degree of recognition concerning occupational diseases was 92.5% at a very high rate. Causes of occupational diseases under the present work field were in order of noise, dust, heavy metal. The largest group of the counterplan for prevention was an improvement of working environment, 62.0%. 3. The major cause that threatens worker's health was poor working environment, 31.4%. As the best method for workers' health management, working environment management was pointed. 4. As for health examination result, the response that it is of use to health management was 53.8%. As for examination method and result, 42.7% responded that they are formal. The practice period was more than once every six months as the largest group, and the highest desire for improvement was that they wants an exact information of the result. 5. 49.3% of the respondents know about the measurement of working environment an the response that the measurement is necessary to improve working environment was 57.9%, and that the results from the measurement were reflected on improvement an management 57.5%. Appropriate period to take a measurement was more than once per six months, 40.2% and per three months, 29.1%. 6. As for safety and halth instruction, 34.5% were educated for both, 38.2% for only safety education and just 4.6% for only health education. 51.9% responded that they had never been educated out of work place. The period of its practice was more than once a month, 39.5% and every three months, 21.3%. 7. The importance of safety and health showed that the one is equal to the other, 59.8%, that the one is more important, 29.6%, and that other is more important, 7.6%. 67.7% said the necessity of a safety and health manager. 8. In spite of more or less health obstacle of work environment, 14.9% of the respondents wanted to overwork to gain an allowance for over-time work, 39.9% didn't, and 40.2% according to condition and state. 9. As the most important cause of industrial accident, 40.2% indicated unsafe behavior. As for the individual protective instrument, 66.1% of all the respondents said they have worn it to protect industrial diseases. 10. As for the degree of understanding of the contents in Industrial Safety and Health Law and Industrial Law of Accident Insurance, an affirmative response was respectively 49.3% and 50.8% and the sources of safety-health information were televisions and radios, 28.0%. Therefore, it is necessary that we do positive working environmental improvement, continuous management and health education's inforcement to increase their health and prevent occupational diseases.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-132
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• 2015

국가기술자격은 개인의 직업능력을 향상시키고, 기업과 국가의 경쟁력을 제고시키는 중요한 기능을 가지고 있다. 특히 '자격'은 '학력'과 함께 개인의 능력을 측정하여 객관적으로 보여주는 신호기능을 가지고 있고, "직무수행에 필요한 지식 기술 소양 등의 습득정도가 일정한 기준과 절차에 따라 평가 또는 인정되는 것"이다. 자격을 취득하기 위한 학습은 스마트러닝을 통하여 많이 이루어지고 있다. 최근 인터넷의 발전과 정보통신기술의 혁명으로 인해 정보와 지식을 중요시하는 지식사회로 진입하고 있다. 이러한 시대적 교육제도 변화에 발맞추어 최근 급성장을 거듭하고 있는 스마트러닝은 시간적, 공간적 제약 없이 교수-학습이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 인간 본연의 심리욕구를 다룬 대표적인 이론인 기본심리욕구 요인과 인간의 동기를 결정지을 수 있는 ARCS 동기이론이 상호작용성과 학습몰입, 즐거움을 통해 스마트러닝의 지속적 사용의도에 영향을 미치는 인과관계를 실증 검증 하고자 한다. 구체적으로 ARCS 동기유발에서의 주의집중, 관련성, 자신감, 만족감을 통해 학습몰입에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 국가기술자격증 스마트러닝에서 수강생의 내재동기화를 지지함으로써 스마트러닝의 학습자들은 지속적 사용의도가 있다. 따라서 스마트러닝을 통한 국가기술자격증의 취득의 목적을 달성하여 기술의 습득은 물론 산업의 발전과 자격증의 활성화에 기여할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and neuropsychological profiles of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their siblings. Methods : Eighteen children (age $8.2{\pm}1.7$ years, 12 boys) with ADHD and their 18 siblings (age $7.8{\pm}1.6$ years, 8 boys) completed Continuous Performance (CPT), Stroop, Children's Trail Making, Rey-Kim Memory, and Kim's Frontal Executive Function tasks. The parents of these subjects underwent the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ARS), 10-item Parent General Behavior Inventory (P-GBI), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Paired t-tests were used. Results : The inattention (p=.020), and hyperactivity-impulsivity (p=.001), scores of the ARS and the P-GBI score (p=.004) were significantly higher in children with ADHD than in their siblings. Deficits in social communication and motivation on SRS were higher in children with ADHD than in their siblings (p=.017 and p=.011, respectively). Z-scores of omission and commission errors as well as response time variability on visual CPT and omission errors on auditory CPT were in clinically significant range, and z-score of omission errors on auditory CPT was in borderline range in siblings. Omission (p=.018) and commission errors on Visual CPT (p=.007) were significantly higher in children with ADHD compared to their siblings. Recognition efficiency on Kim's Frontal Executive Function Task was lower in children with ADHD compared to their siblings, but in normal range in both groups. Stroop interference and figure fluency on Kims Frontal Executive Function Task were in borderline range in ADHD group, and figure fluency was in borderline range in siblings. Conclusion : Our results support a preliminary evidence for mild degree of attention deficit in ADHD siblings. Further studies are needed to examine the cognitive functions of siblings with ADHD in larger samples.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.237-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest successful strategies through which the effect of the information system of a hospital can be forecasted at the nursing department. In order to set up successful strategies, in the first place, both the methods of CSF(Critical Success Factor: Rockart, 1979) and ULD(User-Led Development) method and the method suggested by the Korea Productivity Center were applied. In order to measure the improvement of nursing productivity, the Dissonance theory was used. The data were collected from 100 employees serving at the clinic department of Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital from July 4 to July 25, 1998 with reference to all 222 cases, for sampling work; then the part of the efficiency of the treatment or management of hospital business - simplification of the process of the treatment of hospital business and reduction of the time of the treatment of hospital business were measured; and in order to forecast organizational behavior, 100 cases of organization behavior were analysed, based on the well structured, questionnaires. In order to forecast the user's organizational behavior, a tool(Ronald. 1988; Stephen, 1982: Senn, 1992: Olsen, 1980: Anderson, 1988: Kim. 1992: Cho. 1994) to measure the extent or degree of the user's recognition or understanding whose reliability coefficient is 0.63 was used: and regarding the items expected by the users concerning the convenience of the system, a tool created by Bernadett, Szajna and Richard W. Scamell(1993) whose reliability coefficient is 0.88 was used. And finally, those data were analysed, utilizing the statistical package of SPSS/PC 6.0. successful strategies are suggested as follows: 1. In order that the Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital's purpose can be successful through its strategic, information system, the quality of its services should be elevated. and for elevating the quality of medical services, elevation of the quality of medical expertism or specialty is an important factor in determining such quality. 2. In order to make the hospital information system to be successful, the hospital's top manager should participate in the effort making it successful with helping hands of the members or personnel of the hospital. 3. In order to make users participate in the hospital information system, it is prerequisite that all nurses in a hospital should voluntarily participate in the system 4. In order to reduce the expense, the time in coping with business per duty should be reduced by 10${\sim}$33.23%. The time of the direct nursing care which added value is relatively high should be elongated in order to elevate the quality of hospital services. 5. Since the introduction and spread of the hospital information system are influenced by the duration in the experience of computer use, the user of the hospital information system should have a plan to receive well-planned computer education. Finally it is suggested that the forecast of long-term productivity through a review of the user's expectation of the system should be inspected and tested through continuous studies of its effectiveness.