• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Development of water recycle technologies is important for human health and sustainable agriculture. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the purification methods or the water quality of reclaimed wastewater in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the different wastewaters including reclaimed wastewater and waste nutrient solution (NS) were evaluated. The changes of water quality in reclaimed wastewater and NS were determined using ultraviolet (UV) treatment and sand filtration with charcoal. Our results showed that one of the most critical limitations of reusing wastewater was the presence of harmful pathogens that possibly cause human health risks. CONCLUSION(s): This study suggests that the application of UV treatment or combined with sand filtration on reclaimed wastewater and waste NS effectively removes the total coliform bacteria below the harmful or acceptable level. For future studies, a long-term field monitoring after applying reclaimed wastewater or NS is needed.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.827-831
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• 2008

In this study, the effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium, and copper in soil and vegetables were investigated by monitoring an experimental area irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Three treatments and three replications on $10{\times}2$-m plots were installed and heavy metal concentrations in soil and vegetables were monitored from 2005 to 2007. The treatments applied in this study were groundwater irrigation (control treatment), wastewater irrigation, and irrigation with filtered reclaimed wastewater treated with ultraviolet light. The monitored results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Pb in soil during the experimental period were lower than initial soil levels before irrigation, whereas Zn increased in all treatment plots. However, the ranges of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in soil were below the soil pollution standards in the Republic of Korea. Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables showed insignificant variations for all treatments.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2004

The objective of the research is to develop agricultural resue technologies of reclaiming the effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and reusing for irrigated rice paddies. The Suwon wastewater treatment plant was selected for wastewater reuse tests. The control was the plots with groundwater irrigation (TR＃1), the treatment (TR＃2) using polluted stream water as it was, and three others using wastewater after treatment. Three levels of wastewater treatments were employed： the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (TR＃3), sand filtering after treatment plant(TR＃4), and ultra-violet treatment after sand filtering (TR＃5). The randomized block method was applied to wastewater application to paddy rice with five treatments and six replica. The effects of various wastewater treatment levels on water quality, paddy soil, crop growth, yields, and the health hazards were investigated. The primary results indicate that cultivating rice with reclaimed wastewater irrigation did not cause a problem to adverse effects on crop growth and yields. Overall, wastewater could be used as a practical alternative measure for reclaimed wastewater irrigation. However, long-term monitoring is recommended on the effects on soil chemical characteristics and its related health concerns.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Safety of reclaimed wastewater irrigation needs to be evaluated to promote public health. Quantitative microbial and toxic risk assessment was conducted to identify the level of risk for farmland workers who use reclaimed wastewater and groundwater in Jeju island. Microbial risk through inhalation and ingestion exposure was below acceptable level (less than $10^{-3}$) of $7.07{\times}10^{-6}$ for reclaimed wastewater and $9.99{\times}10^{-8}$ for groundwater irrigation worker. Aggregate exposure risk of Ni, As and Cu was most contributable to overall risk in both reclaimed wastewater and groundwater irrigation plot. High cumulative exposure risk was estimated through non-dietary soil ingestion and dermal contact of soil, due to the high concentration of As, Cu and Ni in farmland soil. Overall toxic risk was $2.68{\times}10^{-4}$ for reclaimed water and $2.39{\times}10^{-4}$ for groundwater irrigation, which could not meet acceptable toxic risk level of $10^{-6}$. Further efforts, such as provide personal protective equipments or public health education, need to be implicated to reduce adverse health risk.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2003

Pilot study was conducted to examine the effects of ponded-water depth and reclaimed wastewater irrigation on paddy rice culture. For the ponded-water depth effect, three treatments of shallow, traditional, and deep water depths were applied, and each treatment was triplicated. The irrigation water for the treatment pots was an effluent from constructed wetland system for sewage treatment, while the control pot was irrigated with tap water kept traditional ponded-water depth. Irrigation water quantity varied with ponded-water depth as expected and drainage water quantity also varied similarly, which implies that shallow irrigation might save irrigation water and also reduce environmental impacts on downstream water quality. Rice growth and production were not significantly affected by ponded-water depth within the experimental condition, instead there was an indication of increased production in shallow and deep ponded-water depths compared to the traditional practice. Raising drainage outlet to the adequate height in paddy dike might be beneficial to save water resources within the paddy field. There was no adverse effect observed in reclaimed wastewater irrigation on the rice production, and mean yield was even greater than the control pots with tap water irrigation although statistically not significant. Water-saving irrigation by shallow ponded-water depth, raising the outlet height in diked rice paddy fields, minimizing forced surface drainage by well-planned irrigation, and reclaimed wastewater irrigation are suggested to save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from traditional farming practices might affect rice growth in long term, and therefore, further investigations are recommended before full scale application.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

This study analyzes economic feasibility by looking at the case of wastewater reclamation and reuse system of Osan, the only place currently operated in Korea, exploiting wastewater uniquely reused as industrial water. Furthermore, this paper examines the problem in wastewater recycling and present the method to expand the potential of using reclaimed water. Method to activate the reuse of wastewater as industrial water. First, it is required to provide self-governing body and demander with diverse information on this project so that they correctly recognize the reuse of wastewater as industrial water. Second, law should be amended so that the water quality requirement of reused water can be given in the national level to supply industrial water depending on right standard. Third, financial support should be expanded in diverse parts so that more private investment advantageous to investor can be made, for instance, BTL, BTO.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to assess the rice yields and evaluate fertilizer reduction effect of reclaimed wastewater irrigation in paddy fields using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) v4.5 model. The experimental plots were designed, which was located near the Suwon wastewater treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The rice yield, irrigation amount, irrigation water quality and soil data were monitored and collected between 2006 and 2009. The DSSAT model was calibrated and validated with observed data. The methods that were used to evaluate this model were the root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), and index of agreement (d). The values of RMSE, nRMSE, and d ranged from 145 to $789\;kg\;ha^{-1}$, 3.0 to 13.3 %, and 0.90 to 0.95 for the calibration period, respectively and represented from 91 to $538\;kg\;ha^{-1}$, 2.0 to 10.4 %, 0.94 to 0.98 for the validation period, respectively. Overall, this model showed good agreement with observed data of rice yields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. The fertilizer reduction effect in paddy field of reclaimed wastewater irrigation was assessed about 60 % in 2008 and 40 % in 2009.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2018

최근 물 사용량의 증가와 잦은 가뭄 발생으로 인해 물 부족 현상이 심화되고 있다. 따라서 기존 취수원에 대한 의존도를 줄이고 버려졌던 물의 재이용을 활성화하여 친환경적이며 지속가능한 대체수원을 확보할 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 국내에서 활용가능한 물 재이용 방법은 빗물재이용, 중수 재이용 및 하수재이용 등 크게 세 가지로 구분할 수 있으나, 아직 국내에는 물 재이용이 활발하게 추진되고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 세 가지 물 재이용 방안 중 연중 발생량이 일정하고 이용가능 수량이 많으며, 수질이 비교적 양호한 하수재이용수의 활용방안을 모색하였다. 적용대상 지역으로 선정한 용인시는 총 26곳의 골프장이 운영 중에 있으며 이는 전국에서 운영 중인 골프장의 약 10%에 해당한다. 골프장은 시설 운영을 위해 많은 양의 용수를 소비하는 대규모 수요처이므로 재이용수를 활용한다면 큰 경제적, 사회 환경적 편익을 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 용인시를 대상으로 하수처리장 인근에 위치한 골프장 내 조경용수로 하수재이용수를 활용하였을 경우의 경제적 효과를 비용 및 편익 추정을 통해 분석하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1467-1474
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• 2016

In response to the water shortage problem, continued attempts are being made to secure consistent and reliable water sources. Among various solutions to this problem, wastewater effluent is an easy way to secure the necessary supply, since its annual output is consistent. Furthermore, wastewater effluent has the advantage of being able to serve various purposes, such as cleaning, sprinkling, landscaping, river management, irrigation, and industrial applications. Therefore, this study presents the possible use of reclaimed industrial wastewater treated with Birm filters and a UF membrane, along with an analysis on membrane fouling. The preprocessing stage, part of the reclamation process, used Birm filters to minimize membrane fouling. Since this study did not consider heavy metal levels in the treated water, the analyses did not include the criterion for irrigation water quality. However, the wastewater reclaimed by using Birm filters and a UF membrane met every other requirement for reclaimed water quality standards. This indicated that the treated water could be used for cleaning, channel flow for maintenance, recreational purposes, and industrial applications. The analysis on the fouling of the Birm filter and UF membrane required the study of the composition and recovery rate of the membrane. According to SEM and EDX analyses of the UF membrane, carbon and oxygen ion composition amounted to approximately 57%, whereas inorganic matter was not detected. Furthermore, the difference in the recovery rates of the distressed membrane between acidic and alkaline cleaning was more than ~78%, which indicated that organic rather than inorganic matter contributed to membrane fouling.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

본 연구는 하수처리수의 농업용수 재이용에 따른 벼의 미질특성을 파악하기 위하여 시험포장을 조성하여 쌀의 아밀로스 및 단백질 함량, 완전미 도정수율을 분석하고 유의성을 고찰하였다. 시험포장의 수질 및 토양환경을 조사하였으며, 근적외선 분광분석법을 통해 미질 특성을 분석하였다. 하수처리수로 재배된 쌀의 미질 특성치는 일반미와 큰 차이가 나지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계분석 결과 5% 유의수준에서 각 처리구별 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타났다.