• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119-120
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• 2004

Urban groundwater has a unique hydrologic system because of the complex surface and subsurface infrastructures such as deep foundation of many high buildings, subway systems, and sewers and public water supply systems. It generally has been considered that increased surface impermeability reduces the amount of groundwater recharge. On the other hand, leaks from sewers and public water supply systems may generate the large amounts of recharges. All of these urban facilities also may change the groundwater quality by the recharge of a myriad of contaminants. This study was performed to determine the factors controlling the recharge of deep groundwater in an urban area, based on the hydrogeochemical characteristics. The term ‘contamination’ in this study means any kind of inflow of shallow groundwater regardless of clean or contaminated. For this study, urban groundwater samples were collected from a total of 310 preexisting wells with the depth over 100 m. Random sampling method was used to select the wells for this study. Major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg and Mn were analyzed by ICP-AES, and Cl, N $O_3$, N $H_4$, F, Br, S $O_4$and P $O_4$ were analyzed by IC. There are two groups of groundwater, based on hydrochemical characteristics. The first group is distributed broadly from Ca-HC $O_3$ type to Ca-C1+N $O_3$ type; the other group is the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type. The latter group is considered to represent the baseline quality of deep groundwater in the study area. Using the major ions data for the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type water, we evaluated the extent of groundwater contamination, assuming that if subtract the baseline composition from acquired data for a specific water, the remaining concentrations may indicate the degree of contamination. The remainder of each solute for each sample was simply averaged. The results showed that both Ca and HC $O_3$ represent the typical solutes which are quite enriched in urban groundwater. In particular, the P$CO_2$ values calculated using PHREEQC (version 2.8) showed a correlation with the concentrations of maior inorganic components (Na, Mg, Ca, N $O_3$, S $O_4$, etc.). The p$CO_2$ values for the first group waters widely ranged between about 10$^{-3.0}$ atm to 10$^{-1.0}$ atm and differed from those of the background water samples belonging to the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type (<10$^{-3.5}$ atm). Considering that the p$CO_2$ of soil water (near 10$^{-1.5}$ atm), this indicates that inflow of shallow water is very significant in deep groundwaters in the study area. Furthermore, the P$CO_2$ values can be used as an effective parameter to estimate the relative recharge of shallow water and thus the contamination susceptibility. The results of our present study suggest that down to considerable depth, urban groundwater in crystalline aquifer may be considerably affected by the recharge of shallow water (and pollutants) from an adjacent area. We also suggest that for such evaluation, careful examination of systematically collected hydrochemical data is requisite as an effective tool, in addition to hydrologic and hydrogeologic interpretation.ion.ion.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.459-468
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 대상유역인 경안천 유역 (유역면적 $260km^2$)에 대한 지하수 함양량 추정을 위해, 완전 분포형 모형인 MIKE SHE를 적용하였다. 모형 입력자료로서 DEM 토지이용도, 정밀토양도 등과 같은 GIS 자료를 구축하고, 기상자료를 이용하여 증발산 입력자료를 생성하였다. 유역 최종 출구점인 경안 수위표 지점에서의 유출자료를 활용하여 모형 보정과 검증을 수행한 결과, 관측치의 경향을 잘 모의하는 것으로 나타났으며, 유역내 운영되고 있는 마평 지하수위 관측소의 관측지하수위와 모의치를 비교한 결과도 매우 양호하게 나타났다. 모형을 이용하여 대상유역에 대한 연간 지하수 함양량을 산정하고, 기존의 감수곡선법에 의해 계산된 값과 비교한 결과 비슷한 모의값을 보였다. 결론적으로 모형을 통한 지하수위 모의 및 함양량 모의에 신뢰성이 높게 나타났으며, 함양량의 시공간적인 분포 특성 파악에 유의하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.201.2-201.2
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• 2011

A water-source heat pump system has been developed for cooling and heating of a green house on the waterfront in Jinju. In order to supply a heat source/sink of water in alluvium aquifer to the heat pump system, the riverbank filtration facility (two pumping wells and one recharge well) for water intake and injection has been constructed. To pump and recharge water sufficiently, the geometric design such as depth and diameter for the wells have been completed, and details of the well such as slot size and length of the screen and filter pack size have been designed based on the practical and theoretical design method including D30 technique. For the investigation of the hydrogeological characteristics, step-drawdown test, long-term pumping test, and recovery test have been carried out for two developed pumping wells. Step-drawdown test has been performed on 4 step flowrates of 150, 300, 450, $600m^3$/day for 1 hour, and long-term pumping test on flowrate of $500m^3$/day for 24 hours, and recovery test for 6 hours. Since the underground water filtrated by riverbank is flowing smoothly into the well, the water level goes down slightly for the long-term test. Consequently, the stable pumping flowrate for two pumping well has been predicted at least over $1,647m^3$/day which is larger than the flowrate of $1,000m^3$/day for a 60 RT heat pump system.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

The impact on streamflow and groundwater recharge considering future potential climate and land use change was assessed using SLURP (Semi-distributed Land-Use Runoff Process) continuous hydrologic model. The model was calibrated and verified using 4 years (1999-2002) daily observed streamflow data for a $260.4km^2$ which has been continuously urbanized during the past couple of decades. The model was calibrated and validated with the coefficient of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranging from 0.8 to 0.7 and 0.7 to 0.5, respectively. The CCCma CGCM2 data by two SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC (Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change) were adopted and the future weather data was downscaled by Delta Change Method using 30 years (1977 - 2006, baseline period) weather data. The future land uses were predicted by CA (Cellular Automata)-Markov technique using the time series land use data of Landsat images. The future land uses showed that the forest and paddy area decreased 10.8 % and 6.2 % respectively while the urban area increased 14.2 %. For the future vegetation cover information, a linear regression between monthly NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from NOAA/AVHRR images and monthly mean temperature using five years (1998 - 2002) data was derived for each land use class. The future highest NDVI value was 0.61 while the current highest NDVI value was 0.52. The model results showed that the future predicted runoff ratio ranged from 46 % to 48 % while the present runoff ratio was 59 %. On the other hand, the impact on runoff ratio by land use change showed about 3 % increase comparing with the present land use condition. The streamflow and groundwater recharge was big decrease in the future.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.244-244
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• 2015

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in the form of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) systems are being applied for numerous water augmentation projects both in developed and developing countries. Given the onset of Climate Change and its influence on weather patterns and land use, it has been acknowledged the utilization of this technology will be ever increasing. This technique like all others does have its drawbacks or disadvantages, whereby to overcome these drawbacks or disadvantages it is recommended that logical planning process be followed. In this study, we developed a decision framework known as "Decision framework for the planning, designing, construction/testing and implementation of subsurface water storage system" to further standardize the planning and design process of subsurface water storage system to increase the probability of having a successful ASR/ASTR project. The formulation of this framework was based on earlier frameworks, guidelines, published papers and technical reports which were compiled into a data collection database. The database of which consider both qualitative and quantitative aspect for example recharge objectives, site location, water chemistry of the native, source and recovered water, aquifer characteristics(hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, porosity), injection/pumping rate, ecological constraints, societal restrictions, regulatory restrictions etc. The assimilation of these factors into a singular framework will benefit the broad spectrum of stakeholder as it maps the chronological order under which ASR project should be undertaken highlighting at each stage the feasibility of the project. The final stage of which should result in fully operational ASR system. The framework was applied to two case studies and through the application of a modified ASR site selection suitability index (Brown et al., 2005) a score was derived to identify the performance of each site. A high score of which meant a maximize chance of success given the reduce presence of project constraints.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

Agriculture, rural landscapes are accompanied by a variety of environmental issues. Therefore, it is necessary to study on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Horticulture complex is low groundwater recharge function, it can be evaluated as a facility that biodiversity is impaired. The ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes were obtained 19 kinds of functions. Experts survey Groundwater recharge function (4.13) teeth chapter higher, Water storage (4.05), Amphibian & Reptile habitat (3.96), Aquatic insect habitat (3.92), Flood control (3.87), Water purification (3.86), Avian habitat (3.76 ), Creating landscape (3.74), Vegetation diversity (3.71), Experience, Education (3.69), Biological control (3.48), Fishery habitat (3.42), Climate regulation (3.30), Mammal habitat (3.30), Air quality regulation (3.25 ), Mainenance of genetic diversity (3.25), were analyzed in order Rest area (3.14). Improving capabilities in the Detention Pond, Wetland, Green space, Corridor, Non-Chemical, Program development, Green spaces, Rainwater storage facilities, Water cycle system, Surface water storage facilities, Infiltration trench, Water purification facilities, Permeable pavement. Environmentally friendly, and to contribute to sustainable agricultural development through ecological planning.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2011

This paper addresses the establishment of a kVA-range plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) integration test platform and associated issues. Advancements in battery and power electronic technology, hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly dependent on the electrical energy provided by the batteries. Minimal or no support by the internal combustion engine may result in the vehicle being occasionally unable to recharge the batteries during highly dynamic driving that occurs in urban areas. The inability to sustain its own energy source creates a situation where the vehicle must connect to the electrical grid in order to recharge its batteries. The effects of a large penetration of electric vehicles connected into the grid are still relatively unknown. This paper presents a novel methodology that will be utilized to study the effects of PHEV charging at the sub-transmission level. The proposed test platform utilizes the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept in conjunction with high-fidelity PHEV energy system simulation models. The battery, in particular, is simulated utilizing a real-time digital simulator ($RTDS^{TM}$) which generates appropriate control commands to a power electronics-based voltage amplifier that interfaces via a LC-LC-type filter to a power grid. In addition, the PHEV impact is evaluated via another power electronic converter controlled through $dSPACE^{TM}$, a rapid control systems prototyping software.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Groundwater flow paths and groundwater ages at a radioactive waste repository located in a coastal area of South Korea were evaluated using the hydrochemical and hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater, surface water, rain water, and seawater, as well as by numerical modeling. The average groundwater travel time in the top layer of the model, evaluated by numerical modeling and groundwater age (34 years), approximately corresponds to the groundwater age obtained by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12 analysis (26-34 years). The data suggest that the groundwater in wells in the study area originated up-gradient at distances of 140-230 m. Results of CFC analyses, along with seasonal variations in the δ¹⁸O and δD values of groundwater and the relationships between ²²²Rn concentrations and δ¹⁸O values and between ²²²Rn concentrations and δD values, indicate that groundwater recharge occurs in the summer rainy season and discharge occurs in the winter dry season. Additionally, a linear relationship between dissolved SiO₂ concentrations and groundwater ages indicates that natural mineralization is affected by the dilution of groundwater recharge in the rainy summer season.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제7권
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• pp.9-19
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the position of lake upon groundwater fluxes on a lake watershed, and to provide for the monitoring network design to survey the exchange relations between groundwater and lake water. Three kinds of hypothetical flow through lakes, which are located at the upper, middle, and lower portion of a watershed were considered. Groundwater flow for each case was numercally simulated under three-dimensional steady state conditions. The exchange rates of the groundwater, the amounts of recharge and discharge, and groundwater fluxes between lake and groundwater in a watershed system with a lake were clarified.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권6_2호
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• pp.1819-1827
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• 2021

최근 도시화로 인한 토지피복의 변화로 불투수층이 증가함에 따라, 강수의 자연적인 지하수 함양이 방해되어 도시홍수와 같은 재난 문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 토지피복의 변화에 따른 강수와 지하수위 간 상관관계를 규명하기 위해 본 연구는 소규모 도심지역인 부산광역시 연제구를 대상으로 교차상관분석(Cross-correlation function, CCF) 및 이동평균분석(Moving average method, MA)을 통해 강수와 지하수위간 지연시간을 산정하였다. 지연시간을 산정하기 위해 자기상관분석, 교차상관분석, 이동평균분석을 수행하였으며 피어슨 상관함수를 목적함수로 설정하여 강수량과 지하수위 간 가장 높은 상관계수를 가지는 시차 값을 지연시간으로 결정하였다. 관측공 반경 250 m 내 토지피복형태와 지형은 토지피복지도와 수치지형도를 이용하여 Arc-GIS를 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 토지피복형태가 도심영향이 많은 불투수층으로 이루어진 GW01, GW03, GW05 (Urban: 71-96%)의 경우 지연시간이 길게 나타났으며(CCF: 42-71일, MA: 148-161일) 식생영향이 많은 투수층으로 이루어진 GW04 (Urban: 35%)는 짧은 지연시간(CCF: 4일, MA: 67일)을 보였다. 토지경사도에 따른 지연시간의 차이는 보이지 않았으며 이는 토지피복형태가 강수와 지하수위 간 지연시간에 영향을 강하게 미치는 요소이기 때문에 토지경사도에 따른 영향이 작용하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 부산 연제구의 토지 이용에 따른 지하수위와 강수량의 지연시간을 규명함으로써 도시 내 강수의 자연적인 지하수 함양을 위한 도시 녹지공간 조성과 수문학적 재난 예방을 위한 관리계획의 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.