• 대순사상논총
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• 제22권
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• pp.277-316
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• 2014

Many ideas which have appear in human history ought to be fruits of the relevant time, however they sometimes reveal new meaning. Daesoon idea is like that, and anarchism also has been resurgent today according to the demand of the time. Both ideas aim at an ideal society. They are not codes of conduct by specific ideology, but are the spirit of resistance against all kinds of oppression, i.e. which began from human nature. Anarchism refuses intellectual revolution theory or idea, but it wants only the life of human nature. Therefore, in spite of the diversity of its historic type, anarchism is in the same discussion as idealism e.g. religion, politics, etc. which have seek the essence of human life. Daesoon idea, as well, begins from religious idealism, it kindles the same discussion as anarchism. Particularly, anarchism is receiving attention with its spirituality of the new century. If so, it will be a critical help for the development of Daesoon idea to consider such newness through a conversation with anarchism. A comparison between Daesoon idea and anarchism is mainly a conversation about the ideology of ideal society. The researcher intended to investigate the viewpoint of anarchism in terms of comparing its personality, society and nation with Daesun idea, though it was not easy work since the ideological genealogy of anarchism is various. Both of them have a mental attitude, i.e. 'essential resistance', on the basis of such introspection. The spirit of resistance is an essence of man and the right of resistance is a basic human rights that insist the dignity of man. When the right of resistance reaches the essence of human life, it becomes an ideal thought and religion. Also, the ideal can be finally realized when the spirit of resistance becomes the power of practice by actualizing it as the right of resistance.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.324-327
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• 2015

Scaffold is the most commonly used equipment in various types of construction works. Since various types of construction works use the same scaffold equipment, it becomes more difficult to be controlled and managed, thus resulting hazard frequently. According to the information announced in July 2012 by Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yan, the site collapse or incomplete anti-falling protection has led the site to accident frequently, and this is the main reason that causes construction industry occupational disasters. The labor death occupational hazard ratio rises up to 13% in scaffold activity, and the Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yan has showed that the death ratio is higher when using the scaffold in construction site, the total number of death has reached to 139 from 2005 to 2010. In order to ensure the safety of scaffold user, this study tends to build a wireless sensor monitoring system to detect the reliability and safety of the scaffold. The wireless sensor technique applies in this study is different with the traditional monitoring technique which is limited with wired monitoring. Wireless sensor technique does not need wire, it just needs to consider the power supply for establishing the network and receiving stable information, and it can become a monitoring system. In addition, this study also integrates strain gauge technique in this scaffold monitoring system, to develop a real-time monitoring data transfer mechanism and replace the traditional wired single project monitoring equipment. This study hopes to build a scaffold collapse monitoring system to effectively monitor the safety of the scaffold as well as provide the timesaving installation, low-cost and portable features.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

최근 자연어 처리(NLP) 기술, 특히 ChatGPT를 비롯한 거대 언어 모델(LLM)의 발전으로 특정 전문지식에 대한 질의응답(QA) 시스템의 연구개발이 활발하다. 본 논문에서는 거대언어모델과 문서검색 알고리즘을 활용하여 한국원자력연구원(KAERI)의 규정 등 다양한 문서를 이해하고 사용자의 질문에 답변하는 시스템의 동작 원리에 대해서 설명한다. 먼저, 다수의 문서를 검색과 분석이 용이하도록 전처리하고, 문서의 내용을 언어모델에서 처리할 수 있는 길이의 단락으로 나눈다. 각 단락의 내용을 임베딩 모델을 활용하여 벡터로 변환하여 데이터베이스에 저장하고, 사용자의 질문에서 추출한 벡터와 비교하여 질문의 내용과 가장 관련이 있는 내용들을 추출한다. 추출된 단락과 질문을 언어 생성 모델의 입력으로 사용하여 답변을 생성한다. 본 시스템을 내부 규정과 관련된 다양한 질문으로 테스트해본 결과 복잡한 규정에 대하여 질문의 의도를 이해하고, 사용자에게 빠르고 정확하게 답변을 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2008

Exposure to mercury was assessed in 125 Korean (Gwangju and Busan) and 373 Chinese primary school students (Xinguang village, Goumen town) using hair mercury analysis from November 2006 to September 2007. The geometric mean concentration of mercury was higher among Korean children with recording 0.73 ${\mu}g$/g, compared to Chinese children of 0.12 ${\mu}g$/g, which indicated statistically difference (P<0.01). The mean concentration of Korean children living near incineration facilities was higher by recording 0.76 ${\mu}g$/g while the average concentration of their counterpart in Korea reached 0.69 ${\mu}g$/g. In case of Chinese children, those who are living near power plants showed higher level with posting 0.16 ${\mu}g$/g while the others recorded 0.10 ${\mu}g$/g (P<0.01). Intake of fish was found to be related to hair mercury level. In case of Korean children, those with high fish intake recorded 0.79 ${\mu}g$/g in terms of the geometric mean concentration while the others with low fish intake posted 0.61 ${\mu}g$/g. Among Chinese children, those who often eat fish recorded 0.13 ${\mu}g$/g compared to the others with low fish intake of 0.11 ${\mu}g$/g. On the other hand, amalgam dental fillings have limited influence on mean hair mercury level. As for vaccination, within a month of vaccination, the geometric mean concentration of Korean children reached 0.76 ${\mu}g$/g, and in case of 15 days after injection, the level was 1.20 ${\mu}g$/g. In China, the level of children at one month after receiving injection stood at 0.15 ${\mu}g$/g while the level within 15 days was 0.13 ${\mu}g$/g. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI, passive smoking, and fish consumption are closely related to hair mercury level among the Korean subjects. In China, hair mercury level was affected by age, location, passive smoking, fish consumption, and vaccination. Explanatory power was 21.6% with $R^2$=0.216.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권8A호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2010

최근 수중 통신에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있으며, 수중 통신을 통한 음성 및 고해상도 영상 데이터와 같은 다양한 데이터 전송의 요구가 증가하고 있다. 수중 음향 통신 시스템의 성능은 수중 채널의 특성에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며, 특히 수중 채널 환경은 다중경로(Multi-path)에 따른 지연확산(delay spread)으로 인하여 데이터 전송 시 인접 심볼 간의 간섭(Inter Symbol interference: ISI)이 발생하여 통신의 성능을 저하시킨다. 본 논문에서는 지연 확산에 강한 성능을 나타내는 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 기법을 수중 통신 시스템에 적용하고, OFDM의 CP(Cyclic Prefix)를 이용하여 수중 채널 환경의 다중경로로 인한 지연 확산을 보상한다. 하지만 수중 통신 시스템에 OFDM을 적용할 때, OFDM 시스템이 갖는 고유한 문제인 높은 PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)이 발생한다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 높은 PAPR로 인한 신호의 비선형 왜곡을 피하고 증폭기의 효율을 위하여 DFT-spread OFDM 기법을 적용한다. DFT-spread OFDM 방식은 IFFT 수행 이전에 DFT(discrete Fourier transform) 확산을 수행하여 각각의 병렬 데이터를 모든 부반송파들에 실어 줌으로써 좋은 PAPR 저감 효과를 얻는다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 OFDM 시스템을 통해 수중 채널에서 지연 확산에 대한 성능 이득을 보이고, 일반적인 OFDM 시스템보다 DFT-spread OFDM이 수중 통신 환경에서 더 적합한 통신 방식임을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보였다. 그리고 DFT-spread OFDM의 두 가지 자원 분배 방식(Interleaved, Localized)에 따른 성능을 분석하고 수중 통신 환경에서 자원 분배 방식에 따른 성능의 적응성에 대하여 논의하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 CP 삽입을 통한 보상후의 BER 성능은 DFT-spread OFDM 방식이 일반 OFDM에 비하여 $10^{-4}$에서 약 5~6dB 정도 좋은 것을 보였으며, 자원 분배 방식에 따른 BER 성능을 비교하였을 때, Interleaved 방식은 Localized 방식에 비하여 $10^{-4}$에서 약 3.5dB 정도 좋은 것을 보였다.

• 의료법학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.355-401
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• 2013

The first legislation for terminal health-care decision was California's Natural Death Act (NDA) of 1976 that permitted any adult person to execute a directive directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures. Advance directive legislation has subsequently progressed on a state-by-state basis. By 1992, all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, had passed legislation to legalize some form of advance directive. This state legislation, however, has resulted in an often fragmented, incomplete, and sometimes inconsistent set of rules. Statutes enacted within a state often conflict and conflicts between statutes of different states are common. In an increasingly mobile society where an advance health-care directive given in one state must frequently be implemented in another, there is a need for greater uniformity. In 1993, the Uniform Law Commissioners approved the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA) in order to bring order to the existing chaos. Unfortunately, the Commissioners waited too long to act. By the time the UHCDA was approved, nearly all states had passed legislation governing advance directives. Consequently, the UHCDA has achieved only a limited success, picking up but one or two enactments a year. The UHCDA is currently in effect in around 10 states: Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Tennessee, Wyoming. In these states the previous laws related to the subjects have been all repealed. The overall objective of the UHCDA is to encourage the making and enforcement of advance health care directives including living will or individual instruction, power of health-care attorney and to provide a means for making health care decisions for those who have failed to plan. The U. S. House of Representatives in 1991 enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA). The Act stipulates that all hospitals receiving Medicaid or Medicare reimbursement must ascertain whether patients have or wish to have advance directives. The Patient Self- Determination Act does not create or legalize advance directives; rather it validates their existence in each of the states. Now in America, terminal health-care decision or advance directive for health care is common and universal system. The problem, however, is how to let more people use these good tools to make their lives more beautiful and honorable.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1204-1211
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 위성 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) 시스템 검 보정을 위한 기반기술 습득을 위해 수행된 X-밴드 대역 능동전파반사기를 이용한 실제 위성 SAR 방사 패턴 측정 및 분석에 관한 연구 결과를 선보인다. 실험에 사용된 자체 설계/제작된 능동전파반사기는 최대 63.1 dBsm의 레이더 단면적(RCS: Radar Cross Section)을 가지며, 외부 수신 장치를 이용한 수신 기능을 포함한다. 위성 SAR 시스템의 방사 패턴 측정 정확도를 높이기 위해 동일한 운용 모드의 위성 SAR(COSMO-SkyMed 2/3호, hh-편파, strip-map himage mode, 해상도 3 m) 시스템을 이용하였으며, 이때, SAR 영상 데이터 내 능동전파반사기의 RCS 크기 분석을 병행하여 측정 결과의 신뢰도를 교차분석하였다. 수신된 신호로부터 추출된 위성 SAR 시스템의 방위각 방향 방사 패턴 특성은 각각 HPBW(half-power beamwidth) $0.352^{\circ}$, FNBW(first-null beamwidth) $0.691^{\circ}$, PSLR(peak to side lobe ratio) 11.17 dB이다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2011

The importance of finance in our society is truly absolute, and the of financial consumers who cope with the financial environment is becoming. Recently, many authorities in Korea to perceive the absence of serious economic or financial consumer education in order to find a fundamental solution for such a phenomenon, there is a growing need to introduce financial consumer education. This study aims to review the comprehension power of finance among consumers are college students in this society the importance of finance is becoming greater, and to a way promote financial consumer education by analyzing the demand level for The main results obtained from the include the following. First, as a result of reviewing the characteristics of respondents, their average age was 21.8 years old, and on average they each had 4.16 credit cards. Most of them had no experience of receiving financial consumer education in their teenage years, and their interest level in investment was shown to be above average. Second, as a result of reviewing their comprehension power of finance, it was shown to be 64.10 points on average their comprehension of the income area was the highest, their comprehension money management was shown to be the lowest. Third, as a result of reviewing the perception level of the provision of financial consumer education, it was shown to be very low the perception level of on-line and off-line financial consumer education provided by the YMCA was shown to be the highest. Fourth, as a result of reviewing the level financial consumer education, it was shown to be very high. For the level for institutions financial consumer education, financial institutions the highest. For the level for the method of financial consumer education, respondents chose practical experience the most and education books the least. For the intention of participating in financial consumer education, most respondents that they would participate, and most of them answered that the starting period should be the teenage years and childhood Therefore, as a result, most university student's consumers have concerned on financial education and financial inportance, it need to educate for the university student's consumers, and it need to develop technical tools and contents for ficancial education.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

본 연구는 10kHz의 반송 주파수를 사용하여 서해안의 수중 채널 환경 측정과 분석을 목표로 하여 충청남도 당진군 장고항 인근 해역에서 측정을 수행하였으며, 수평채널 환경을 측정하기 위해 송신기와 수신기 사이의 이격거리를 10m~4000m까지 다르게 하였고, 수직 채널 측정은 송신측 선박과 수신측 선박을 접선시켜 고정한 후 송신기와 수신기의 입수 깊이를 다르게 하여 측정을 수행하였다. 측정 데이터를 바탕으로 실해역의 전력 지연 프로파일(Power delay profile)을 분석 하여 상관대역폭(Coherence bandwidth)을 추정하였으며, 수신된 tone신호의 주파수 변환을 통한 도플러 주파수를 분석하여 상관시간(Coherence time)을 추정 하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 향후 수중 채널 환경에서 원활한 통신과 통신의 신뢰성 확보를 위한 수중통신용 프레임 설계 연구를 수행하는 기반연구가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 효율적인 환자관리를 위한 링거액 감지기 및 송수신기를 설계 하고자 한다. 링거액 감지기 및 송수신기는 메인 제어부, 링거액 감지부, 디스플레이 및 경고 발생부, 무선 송수신부, 전원 공급부로 구성된다. 메인 제어부에서는 GC89L591A0-MQ44IP의 CPU를 사용하여 전체 시스템을 제어하고 링거액 감지부는 수광부에 TSL235R-LF 포토다이오드, 투광부에 Water-Clear Type LED를 적용하였다. 또한, 디스플레이 및 경고 발생부는 7-세그먼트와 적색 LED를 적용하였으며 무선 송수신부는 NR-FPCX 모듈을 사용하여 데이터를 송수신하였다. 전원 공급부는 건전지를 사용하며 일반 전원이나 충전식 전원도 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서, 효율적인 환자관리를 위한 링거액 감지기 및 송수신기 설계에 대한 연구 결과 링거액이 포토다이오드에 의해 감지되었을 때 주파수는 11.95kHz이며, 감지되지 않았을 때는 9.6kHz로 측정되었다. 이때, 링거액의 감지 데이터가 링거액 송신기를 통해 출력되지 않을 때는 "0" 으로, 출력되었을 때는 해당 병실의 호실 정보가 링거액 수신기에 표시됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 링거액 감지기의 사용전원은 신호가 감지되지 않을 때에는 Sleep 모드로 전환하여 배터리 절약 모드로 동작하며 링거액 송수신기는 대략 700m이내의 거리에서 무선 송수신이 가능하다.