• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2012

폐쇄 사육 시스템에서 고착성 무척추동물 특히 연체동물의 부착용 재료로서 이용되고 있는 dead rock과 live rock이 수질에 부가적으로 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 인도네시아로부터 수입된 dead rock과 live rock을 인공해수를 이용한 실험수조에 투입 한 후 수질변화를 관찰하였다. 두 종류의 rock들은 모두 pH 안정에 영향을 주었으며 질소화합물의 분해에도 일정한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. dead rock의 경우 사용전 충분한 안정화 기간을 거침으로써 부착용 도구로서 뿐만 아니라 훌륭한 보조여과 기능을 담당할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. live rock의 경우에는 이미 부착되어 서식하고 있는 조류나 박테리아에 의해 dead rock에 비해 더욱 높은 질소화합물 분해 능력을 나타냈으며 초기 투입 시 부착되어 있는 생물의 폐사나 해적생물의 유입에 따른 위험성을 제거 할 경우 사육시스템 내에서 단순한 부착용 재료로서 뿐만 아니라 다양한 목적에 이용가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 감성조명용 조명기기의 조도 및 색온도 표현능력을 극대화할 수 있는 최적의 광원조합을 효율적으로 제어할 수 있는 제어장치를 개발하는데 있다. 실내조명으로 사용할 수 있는 다양한 색온도에 대하여 사람이 편안함을 느끼는 조도영역을 찾아내고 이를 조합함으로서 감성조명을 실현할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 감성조명용 조명기기는 2000K와 8000K의 서로 다른 색온도를 가지는 형광램프로 구성하였으며 각각의 형광램프의 수량을 변화시키며 조명기기의 조도 및 색온도 표현능력을 광학 시뮬레이션을 통하여 평가하였다. 사용자가 원하는 조명환경을 휴식, 대화, 모임, 손님접대, 예술 등의 5가지로 구분하여 적외선 리모콘으로 수신단에 전송하면 수신단에서 PC0~PC4 병렬포트를 통해서 사용자가 선택한 모드에 맞는 DC전압을 출력한다. DC전압이 EEFL 인버터에 입력되고 입력된 DC전압 레벨에 따라 EEFL의 dimming 값이 변하면서 사용자가 원하는 조명환경(조도 및 색온도)를 만들고 인체감지센서를 사용하여 사람이 없을 경우에는 EEFL을 자동으로 꺼지도록 함으로써 소비전력을 절약할 수 있도록 개발하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2001

지진발생 가능성이 높은 것으로 알려져 있는 한국 남동부 양산단층 지역에 대하여 707 미소지진자료기록에 대하여 Coda 확장규격화법을 적용할 경우, 회귀선값이 Q$_p^{-1}$는 0.009f$^{-1.05}$, Q$_s^{-1}$는 0.004f$^{-0.70}$로 나타난다. 이를 세계 여러지역에서의 조사연구와 대조하여 본 결과, 회귀선식의 지수값은 세계 여러 다른지역과 매우 유사한 반면, Q$_p^{-1}$ 및 Q$_s^{-1}$ 값은 가장 낮은 수준이다. 활성단층과 연관된 지각의 균열을 시사하는 높은 Q$^{-1}$ 값은 한국 남동부에서는 찾아지지 않았으며, 도출된 값은 오히려 순상지와 같이 지진학적으로 안정한 지역과 대응된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1398-1404
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sanitary management procedures of foodservice in elementary schools in Pusan area. The questionnaire which were administered to 189 dietitians was used in this study as a survey method. The results were as follows. Mean total length of employment for dietitians at school foodservice was 3.7 year. The mean serving scale was 1,052 meals. Meals were served at classroom 63.5%, lunchroom 23.8%, and classroom＋lunchroom 12.7% of the schools. The mean time span required of meal delivery was 31.5min at the classroom serving place. Regarding total mean score of sanitary management procedures, time temperature was 3.48/5.00, personal sanitation 4.20/5.00, equipments and facilities sanitation 3.92/5.00. The mean score of the pre preparation was 3.91/5.00 for time temperature management procedure, those of food purchasing and receiving, food storage, food production, meal. assembly.trasnportation service, and hot.cold holding were 3.83/5.00, 3.82/5.00, 3.71/5.00, 3.25/5.00, 2.30/5.00 respectively. The higher age group(31

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.208-216
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• 2004

Since 2000, the authors have been developing remote radar network system to observe the vessel traffic in Tokyo Bay. In December 2002, the first operational remote radar station was set at the National Defense Academy in Yokosuka, and vessel traffic observation was started. However, it was impossible to perform accurate observation in the northern part of Tokyo Bay by this Yokosuka radar station only. In September 2003, the second remote radar station and AIS receiving station were installed at Higashi Ogishima in Kawasaki. This second radar enabled us to carry out accurate observation in that area. Both radars can be remotely controlled from the monitoring station in Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. On September 30 and October 1,2003, the vessel traffic observation was carried out using both radars. Combining radar images observed by both radars, the ships' tracks were taken and the dangerous ships were extracted by using SJ value and Bumper Model. The time changes of dangerous ship density in some areas in Tokyo Bay and utilization ratio of the traffic routes were also investigated. In addition, analyzing the AIS date received at Kawasaki station, the positions and speed vectors of the ships equipped with AIS were shown.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.210-220
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• 2002

We analysised the effect of harmonics on electric machines of substation power system barred on quantitatively measured harmonics and proposed the methods for prevention of harmonics through checking on transformer, rectifier and cable's capacities against harmonics with reference to KEPCO's electricity service standard. In order to analysis harmoninics of silicon rectifier that is power source in DC substation, computer simulations for a substation with TR of high voltage distribution switchboard are performed. Simulation results show that the total harmonic distortion factor becomes smaller for TR primary and receiving points in order rather than silicon rectifier which is harmonic generation source so that the harmonics generated frets each rectifier are outflowed to power supply and high voltage distribution switchboard The result of higher distortion factors of voltage and current for rectifier with 100% load than those with 50 % and 30% indicates that the waveform of voltage and current for the real substation power system at the office-going and the closing hours with heavy loads might be more distorted. As proposed methods for harmonic reduction, the conventional 6 pulse-type for substation is required to be replaced by 12 pulse-type for reduction of 5th and 7th harmonics. The active filter rather than the passive filter is more effective due to severe variance of rectifier loads, but the high cost is price to be paid. In view of installation area and costs, the use of 12 pulse-type transformer is desirable and then the parallel transformer and the rectifier within the substation must be replaced at the same time. Other substations with parallel feeder can use 6 pulse-type transformer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2013

In order to understand phytoplankton and bacterial distribution in tropical coral reef ecosystems in relation to the mangrove community, their biomass and activities were measured in the sea waters of the Chuuk and the Kosrae lagoons located in Micronesia. Chlorophyll a and bacterial abundance showed maximal values in the seawater near the mangrove forests, and then steeply decreased as the distance increased from the mangrove forests, indicating that environmental conditions for these microorganisms changed greatly in lagoon waters. Together with chlorophyll a, abundance of Synechococcus and phototrophic picoeukaryotes and a variety of indicator pigments for dinoflagellates, diatoms, green algae and cryptophytes also showed similar spatial distribution patterns, suggesting that phytoplankton assemblages respond to the environmental gradient by changing community compositions. In addition, primary production and bacterial production were also highest in the bay surrounded by mangrove forest and lowest outside of the lagoon. These results suggest that mangrove waters play an important role in energy production and nutrient cycling in tropical coasts, undoubtedly receiving large inputs of organic matter from shore vegetation such as mangroves. However, the steep decrease of biomass and production of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria within a short distance from the bay to the level of oligotrophic waters indicates that the effect of mangrove waters does not extend far away.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7453-7457
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the efficacy and toxicity of nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus platinum agent (cisplatin or carboplatin) as first line treatment for stage III/IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Forty chemotherapy naive patients with stage III/IV squamous NSCLC received nab-paclitaxel $125mg/m^2$ on day 1 and day 8, cisplatin $75mg/m^2$ on day 1, carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve of 5 (AUC=5) on day 1. One cycle of treatment was 3 weeks, and at least two were completed in each case. Results: Of the 40 patients who participated in the study, 25 achieved partial responses (PR), 12 reached a stage of stable disease (SD), and 3 suffered progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate (ORR) was 62.5% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 92.5%. Of the 20 patients without surgery or radiotherapy, 10 achieved PR, 7 reached a stage of SD, and 3 PD. The ORR was 50.0% and the DCR was 85.0%. The median progression-free survival time (PFS) of patients without surgery or radiotherapy was 5.0 months. Of the 20 patients receiving surgery or radiotherapy, 15 had PR and 5 p had SD, with an ORR of 75.0% and a DCR of 85.0%. Specifically, the DDP arm demonstrated a significantly higher ORR than the CBP arm (100%vs 54.5%, P<0.05). Common treatment related adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal response, baldness and neurotoxicity, most of which were grade 1 to 2. Conclusion: Nab-paclitaxel plus platinum agent (cisplatin or carboplatin) is effective as a first-line chemotheraphy for stage III/IV squamous NSCLC, and its adverse effects are tolerable.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.338-351
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• 2018

This study was conducted in a long-term experimental forest in the central hardwoods region of southwestern Michigan to retrospectively examine the role of past forest management practices and climate on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) productivity. Initially, in 1971, plots within the experimental forest were treated separately with a clearcut and shelterwood regeneration harvest in an attempt to increase red oak regeneration. From 1987-1989, a new study was initiated within a portion of the clearcut and shelterwood plots to evaluate the effectiveness of additional oak crop tree release using mechanical and chemical applications. Cumulative diameter and mortality rates of 719 red oaks were monitored across the four silvicultural treatments: Clearcut-A (clearcut without additional release treatment), Clearcut-B (clearcut with additional release treatment), Shelterwood-A (shelterwood without additional release), and Shelterwood-B (shelterwood with additional release) plus an untreated control. Increment cores were obtained from red oak trees and neighboring competitor species. Tree-ring analyses (dendrochronology) were applied to examine the effect of these silvicultural treatments and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) on red oak productivity. The results indicated that crop tree release following a clearcut or shelterwood harvest reduced mortality rates and thus increased survival of red oak. Red oak in control plots or plots only receiving the initial regeneration harvesting treatment and no additional competition release were negatively affected by climatic stress, which included summer moisture stress. In contrast, red oak in plots that received the competition release treatment from shade tolerant tree species not only had higher tree level productivity (i.e., tree basal area) and lower mortality rates, but were also relatively more resilient to climatic stress by showing limited or no associations between climate and growth.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2016

Purpose: To determine whether large rectal volume on planning computed tomography (CT) results in lower tumor regression grade (TRG) after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in rectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 113 patients treated with surgery following neoadjuvant CCRT for rectal cancer between January and December 2012. Rectal volume was contoured on axial images in which gross tumor volume was included. Average axial rectal area (ARA) was defined as rectal volume divided by longitudinal tumor length. The impact of rectal volume and ARA on TRG was assessed. Results: Average rectal volume and ARA were 11.3 mL and $2.9cm^2$. After completion of neoadjuvant CCRT in 113 patients, pathologic results revealed total regression (TRG 4) in 28 patients (25%), good regression (TRG 3) in 25 patients (22%), moderate regression (TRG 2) in 34 patients (30%), minor regression (TRG 1) in 24 patients (21%), and no regression (TRG0) in 2 patients (2%). No difference of rectal volume and ARA was found between each TRG groups. Linear correlation existed between rectal volume and TRG (p = 0.036) but not between ARA and TRG (p = 0.058). Conclusion: Rectal volume on planning CT has no significance on TRG in patients receiving neoadjuvant CCRT for rectal cancer. These results indicate that maintaining minimal rectal volume before each treatment may not be necessary.