• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a minimally constraint joint angle measurement system for the feedback control of FES (functional electrical stimulation) locomotion. Feedback control is desirable for the efficient FES locomotion, however, the simple on-off control schemes are mainly used in clinic because the currently available angle measurement systems are heavily constraint or cosmetically poor. We designed a new angle measurement system consisting of a magnet and magnetic sensors located below and above the ankle joint, respectively, in the rear side of ipsilateral leg. Two magnetic sensors are arranged so that the sensing axes are perpendicular each other. Multiple positions of sensors attachment on the shank part of the ankle joint model and also human ankle joint were selected and the accuracy of the measured angle at each position was investigated. The reference ankle joint angle was measured by potentiometer and motion capture system. The ankle joint angle was determined from the fitting curve of the reference angle and magnetic flux density relationship. The errors of the measured angle were calculated at each sensor position for the ankle range of motion (ROM) $-20{\sim}15$ degrees (dorsiflexion as positive) which covers the ankle ROM of both stroke patients and normal subjects during locomotion. The error was the smallest with the sensor at the position 1 which was the nearest position to the ankle joint. In case of human experiment, the RMS (root mean square) errors were $0.51{\pm}1.78(0.31{\sim}0.64)$ degrees and the maximum errors were $1.19{\pm}0.46(0.68{\sim}1.58)$ degrees. The proposed system is less constraint and cosmetically better than the existing angle measurement system because the wires are not needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2015

The ripening durations and ingredients for the Salchichon sausages were modified to increase pork rear leg consumption by Korean consumers. The salchichon, a ripened pork sausage, was produced to evaluate the efficacy of two different ripening durations with and without rosemary powder on salchichon sausage quality, and the treatments were: i) 45 days of ripening without rosemary, ii) 60 days of ripening without rosemary, iii) 45 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary, and iv) 60 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary. Significant differences were observed in both moisture and fat content for ripening durations, with the highest moisture and least fat content observed in salchichon modified sausage (SMS) ripened for 45 days. Ripening duration and rosemary addition appeared to influence water activity ($a_w$) of salchichon sausages. The $a_w$ of SMS ripened for 45 days was 0.80, whereas the other had $a_w$ values <0.80. Lactic acid bacteria were predominant, as Korean traditional fermented red pepper paste was added to sausages; however, the Bacillus cereus population was significantly affected by rosemary powder addition. Chewiness and gumminess decreased significantly due to the addition of rosemary powder compared to SMS without rosemary powder, and both 45 days of ripening and rosemary powder addition influenced the hardness of SMS. In conclusion, ripening duration of SMS for 45 days in the presence of rosemary powder provided superior SMS quality with an economical ripening duration compared to that of ripening with rosemary powder or ripening for 60 days.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2022

Purpose : Although many studies have explored the effect of seating side angles on the spinal curve and surrounding muscles during seating, only a few studies have investigated the effect of different seating face angles on different lower limb and deep trunk muscles. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of seating surface angles (0 degrees, 10 degree anterior, and 10 degree rear) on lower extremity and deep trunk muscles in healthy adults. Methods : Thirty people were asked to sit once on each seating surface three times during the day, and their muscle thicknesses were measured by ultrasound while sitting. The method of sitting was the same when sitting on the three seating surfaces. Results : From the comparison results of the muscle thicknesses according to the seating surface angles, a significant difference existed in the muscle thicknesses of the vastus medialis, vastus medialis oblique, vastus intermedius, soleus and gastrocnemius (p<.05). However, no significant difference was found in the transversus abdominis, internal obliques, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis (p>.05). Conclusion : Our findings revealed that the lower back load decreases, the leg load increases, and the legs specific muscles are affected as the body tilts forward when sitting on the seating surface inclined forward. Therefore, it is possible to suggest a forwardly inclined seating surface that reduces lower back loads and utilizes the posture-maintaining muscles of the legs when sitting in a person with a poor sitting posture or lower back pain at ordinary times.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination of the trunk tilting angle and bilateral lower limbs according to the stirrups length during trot in equestrian. Methods : Participants selected as subject were consisted of adult male(n=7, mean age: $45.00{\pm}3.78yrs$, mean height: $172.50{\pm}2.44cm$, mean body mass: $76.95{\pm}4.40kg$, mean, mean leg length: $97.30{\pm}2.60cm$). They were divided into 3-types of stirrups lengths(67 cm, 72 cm, 77 cm) during trot. The variables analyzed were consisted of the trunk front-rear angle, lower limb joint(Right Left hip, knee, ankle), overall movement index(OMI) of the lower limbs(thigh, shank, foot) and asymmetry index(AI%) during trot. Results : The average angle in hip and knee joint showed more extended posture according to the increase of stirrups lengths and ankle angle showed more plantarflexion posture according to increase of stirrups length during 1 stride in trot. Also, average angle showed more extended posture in right hip and ankle joint than that of left. The angle of knee joint didn't show significant difference statistically between right and left. Also asymmetric index in average angle of hip, knee and ankle joint didn't show significant difference statistically in between lower limbs, but hip joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 77 cm and ankle joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 67 cm than that of the others respectively. The FR angle in trunk of horse-rider showed relative backward leaning motions at stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm than that of stirrup length of 72 cm during stance and swing phase. OMI in thigh, shank, and foot limbs didn't show significant difference statistically according to the stirrups length of right and left lower limbs, but left lower limbs showed higher index than that of right lower limb. Stirrup length of 72 cm in shank and foot limbs showed higher index than that of stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm. But stirrup length of 72 cm showed higher asymmetric index than that of stirrups length of 67 cm and 77 cm. Conclusions : When considering the above, 72 cm(ratio of lower limb 74.04%) stirrup lengths could be useful in posture correction and stabilization than 67cm(ratio of lower limb 68.69%) and 77 cm(ratio of lower limb 79.18%) stirrup lengths during trot in horse back riding.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 자전거의 언덕 등판 시 페달릴 방향이 근육의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 정역구동이 가능한 특수유성기어와 언덕 경사각에 따른 마찰력을 후륜에 인가할 수 있는 자기제동장치가 장착된 자전거로 실험 장치를 구성하고 3차원 동작분석과 근전도 분석을 수행하였다. 근활성도는 장단지근, 대퇴사두근, 전경골근, 비장근에 대해서 측정하였으며 언덕 경사는 $0^{\circ}$에서 $6^{\circ}$까지 변화시켰다. 근전도 신호는 우선 평균제곱법을 적용하여 25 ms마다 평균값을 구하고 50개의 연속된 주기에 대한 ensemble 곡선을 구하여 분석하였다. 그 결과로부터 페달링 방향의 변화는 자전거 주행 속도 및 인체하지 근육의 활성도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 구체적으로는 크랭크 각도에 따른 근활성도의 패턴 및 최대값의 분포에 있어 정방향 구동과 역방향 구동은 큰 차이를 보이는데 근활성도의 최대값은 정구동으로 페달링할 때가 역 구동으로 페달링할 때보다 큰 반면 근활성도의 평균값은 장단지근과 대퇴사두근에서는 정구등 페달링이 더 높게 나타나고 전경골근과 비장근에서는 역구동 페달링이 더 높게 나타나며 주행 등판각이 증가하면 페달링 방향이 바뀜에 따른 근활성도 최대값의 차이는 더욱 커진다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2004

첨가제 선택을 위한 목적으로 성장단계별 육계 사료에 햄 철 성분, 규산염, 설탕 제조 부산물, 목초액을 첨가하여 실시한 첨가제 비교시험에서, 사육성적은 동일한 계사 내에서도 환경조건이 좋은 위치에서 사육된 대조구가, 다른 시험구보다 좋은 성적을 보여 사육환경의 중요성을 확인하였으며, 시험구중에서는 햄철 성분 첨가구가 증체량이 많았고 규산염 첨가구의 증체성적이 가장 낮았다. 따라서 설탕 제조 부산물의 메틸기 절약 효과는 사육시간의 경과와 함께 낮아져 다른 첨가제의 효능보다 낮았다. 사료효율은 첨가제를 혼합하지 않은 대조구의 공간 배치 잇점으로 사료 섭취량이 적고 체중증가가 커서 사료 요구율이 낮았고, 시험구 중에서는 목초액과 햄철 성분 첨가구가 거의 동일한 사료효율을 보였다. 축산연구소에 의뢰한 육질 평가에서는 사육성적이 좋았던 대조구를 제외한 시험구 중에서는, 규산염 첨가구의 보수성이 가장 좋았으나 가열 감량이 많아 도계 후 제품의 실중량이 작아지는 단점으로 인하여, 상품화에는 부적합한 것으로 사려된다. 대조구를 제외한 시험구 중에서는 햄철 성분함유구가 전단력과 가열감량, 조지방 함유량에서 좋은 점수를 받았고, 회사에서 실시한 관능검사 결과와 사육성적을 고려하였을 때, 햄철 성분이 함유된 첨가제를 이용한 제품개발이 가장 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to present technical guidance about the field goal kicking motion in American football for novices. For this purpose, kinematic analysis on the field goal kicking motion of two skilled players and two unskilled players was carried out. The following conclusions were made: 1. In comparison on the total elapsed time of the kicking, there were no significant differences between two groups. The progressing time from BP event to impact among experts group, however, took 0.141 second less than that of novices group. 2. The experts group showed right hip rotatier horizontally toward the targeted ball fixing left hip as the axis. On the other hand, the novices group didn't use the left hip as the axis in the kicking motion. 3. At the impact of kicking the ball, regarding with the distance of the ball and the supporting leg, the right and left distance of experts was 3.45cm longer than that of novices, the front and the rear distance of experts was 5.14cm shorter than novices. 4. At the impact, experts' initial velocity of the targeted ball was $5.27^m/s$ faster than novices', besides experts' incidence angular displacement was $3.78^{\circ}$ larger than novices'. 5. After BP event, experts showed a stable movement maintaining flexion and extension at left hip joint and knee joint. On the other hand, for novices, the angle of the left lower extremities became larger. 6. Experts showed the efficient flexion and extension of the hip joint and the knee joint during following procedure in the whole event of the kicking motion. At the BP event, the right knee joint angle of novices was $11.46^{\circ}$ larger than that of experts. However, the duration of the impact event and FT event among, novices had less extension of knee joint than experts. 7. At the 2nd phase, for both of the groups, the angular velocity of the knee joint drastically increased as the angular velocity of hip joint decreased. However, only novices showed the largest negative angular velocity at the impact.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2017

본 연구는 부모의 혈통정보를 모두 아는 혈통 및 고등등록우로 등록된 한우 암소 25,516두의 선형 및 외모심사형질에 대해 유전모수를 추정하였다. 각 심사형질에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되는 주요인을 선정하여 다형질 개체모형에 적용하여 EM-REML 알고리즘 분석방법을 통해 각 형질에 대한 유전력과 유전상관과 표현형상관을 추정하였다. 한우 암소의 17개 선형심사형질 및 10개 외모심사형질(종합점수 포함)의 유전력 추정치의 범위는 0.03(유두배열)에서 0.42(체장)까지로 추정되었다. 체고, 체장, 강건성, 체심, 윤곽성, 정강이두께, 피모의 색, 엉덩이기울기, 고장, 좌골폭, 넓적다리의 두께, 유방용적, 유두길이, 유두배열, 발굽기울기, 뒷다리 비절기울기, 뒤에서 본 뒷다리자세, 체적 균형, 자질 품위, 머리 목, 전구, 중구, 엉덩이, 넓적다리, 유기, 지제보양 및 종합점수의 유전력은 각각 0.4, 0.42, 0.27, 0.25, 0.06, 0.14, 0.22, 0.31, 0.19, 0.17, 0.29, 0.04, 0.07, 0.02, 0.11, 0.03, 0.16, 0.27, 0.08, 0.15, 0.14, 0.14, 0.19, 0.16, 0.05, 0.08 및 0.3으로 추정되었다. 한편, 다형질개체모형에 의해 추정된 17개 선형심사형질과 종합점수에 대한 유전상관추정 결과는 다음과 같다. 고장과 좌골폭간에 0.96의 가장 강한 양(+)의 유전적 관계를 나타내었다. 반면 발굽기울기와 뒷다리 비절기울기간에는 -0.57의 가장 큰 음(-)의 유전상관을 보였다. 전체외모 형질인 체고, 체장, 간겅성 및 체심은 각 형질간에, 그리고 기타 형질들과 강한 양(+)의 유전상관관계를 나타내었다. 특히 체고 및 체심과 고장 및 좌골폭간에 높은 양(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 체고와 엉덩이기울기간에는 0.32의 양(+)의 상관을 나타내었다.