• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.68-77
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• 1990

In this paper, a neural patten recognition method for the automatic circuit diagram reading system is proposed. The proposed procedure to recognize a deformed logic symbols is composed of three stages: feature detection, log mapping, and pattern classification. In the feature detection stage, a modified competitive learning algorithm where each pattern has the inhibition weight as well as the activation weight is developed. The global information of hand-written logic symbols is obtained by the feature detection neural network having both the inhibition and activation weights. The obtained global data is then transformed into a log space by the conformal mapping where according to the Schwartz's theory about the human visual signal process-ing, the degree of rotation and the scale change are mapped into the translation change. Logic symbols are finally classified by a three layer perceptron trained by the error back propagation algorithm. The computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed multistage neural network system can recognize well the deformed patterns of hand-written logic circuit diagrams.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

Two staphylococcal lipases were obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis S2 and Staphylococcus aureus S11 isolated from sebaceous areas on the skin of the human face. The molecular mass of both enzymes was estimated to be 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE. S2 lipase displayed its highest activity in the hydrolysis of olive oil at $32^{\circ}C$ and pH 8, whereas S11 lipase showed optimal activity at $31^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5. The S2 lipase showed the property of cold-adaptation, with activation energy of 6.52 kcal/mol. In contrast, S11 lipase's activation energy, at 21 kcal/mol, was more characteristic of mesophilic lipases. S2 lipase was stable up to $45^{\circ}C$ and within the pH range from 5 to 9, whereas S11 lipase was stable up to $50^{\circ}C$ and from pH 6 to 10. Both enzymes had high activity against tributyrin, waste soybean oil, and fish oil. Sequence analysis of the S2 lipase gene showed an open reading frame of 2,067 bp encoding a signal peptide (35 aa), a pro-peptide (267 aa), and a mature enzyme (386 aa); the S11 lipase gene, at 2,076 bp, also encoded a signal peptide (37 aa), pro-peptide (255 aa), and mature enzyme (399 aa). The two enzymes maintained amino acid sequence identity of 98-99% with other similar staphylococcal lipases. Their microbial origins and biochemical properties may make these staphylococcal lipases isolated from facial sebaceous skin suitable for use as catalysts in the cosmetic, medicinal, food, or detergent industries.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

In this study, we measured the time-resolved optically stimulated luminescence (TR-OSL) of Paleolithic paleosol quartz and evaluated its lifetime. Considering the lifetime dependence on the preheating applied after irradiation, the radiation exposure, and the optical pulse stimulation, we found that the optimum measurement condition for determining the lifetime of paleosol quartz was the optical pulse stimulation at a dwelling time of $250{\mu}s$, pulse width of $10{\mu}s$, and sweep number of 100,000, without preheating after 100 Gy of irradiation. Based on the dependence of the lifetime on the reading temperature, the thermal quenching activation energy ${\Delta}E$ and thermal assistance activation energy $E_a$ were evaluated as $0.60{\pm}0.14eV$ and $0.053{\pm}0.029eV$, respectively. These values were in good agreement with those reported in the literature. Therefore, we concluded that the resulting kinetic parameters for paleosol quartz are quite reliable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.488-497
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• 1999

Probing Streptomyces albus ATCC 21838 chromosomal DNA with a proline tRNA sequence resulted in an isolation of a putative integrating element in the 6.4-kb EcoRI fragment. It was found that Streptomyces lividans TK-24 transformed with a cloned DNA fragment on a multicopy plasmid, produced a higher level of spore pigment and mycelial red pigment on a regeneration agar. Furthermore, the transformant S. lividans TK-24 produced a markedly increased level of undecylprodigiosin in a broth culture. A nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned region revealed several open reading frames homologous to the integrases of integrating plasmids or temperate bacteriophages, signal-transducing regulatory proteins with a conserved ATP-binding domain, oxidoreductases ($\beta$-ketoacyl reductase), and an AraC-like transcriptional regulator. To examine the effect on antibiotic production, each coding region was overexpressed separately from the other genes in the region in S. lividans TK-24 with; pJHS3044 for the expression of the signal-transducing regulatory protein homologue, pJHS3045 for the homologue of oxidoreductase, and pJHS3051 for the homologue of the AraC-like transcriptional regulator. Phenotypic studies of S. lividans TK-24 strains harboring plasmids for the overexpression of individual genes suggested the following effects of the genes on antibiotic production: The oxidoreductase homologue stimulated the production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, which was influenced by the culture conditions; the homologue of the AraC-like transcriptional regulator was the most effective factor in antibiotic production within all the culture conditions tested; the signal-transducing regulatory protein homologue repressed the effect due to the homologue of the AraC-like transcriptional regulator, however, the antibiotic production was derepressed upon entering the stationary phase.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.358-363
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• 2013

In this paper, we firstly reported a C-type lectin cDNA clone of 1029 bps from the larvae of A. Pernyi (Ap-CTL) using PCR and RACE techniques. The full-length cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 308 amino acid residues which has two different carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) arranged in tandem. To investigate the biological activities in the innate immunity, recombinant Ap-CTL was expressed in E. coli with a 6-histidine at the amino-terminus (Ap-rCTL). Besides acted as a broad-spectrum recognition protein binding to a wide range of PAMPs and microorganisms, Ap-rCTL also had the ability to recognize and trigger the agglutination of bacteria and fungi. In the proPO activation assay, Ap-rCTL specifically restored the PO activity of hemolymph blocked by anti-Ap-rCTL antibody in the presence of different PAMPs or microorganisms. In summary, Ap-rCTL plays an important role in insect innate immunity as an pattern recognition protein.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2020

Background: Helicobacter pylori increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. DNA damage activates DNA damage response (DDR) which includes ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) activation. ATM increases alternative reading frame (ARF) but decreases mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2). Because p53 interacts with Mdm2, H. pylori-induced loss of Mdm2 stabilizes p53 and induces apoptosis. Previous study showed that Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRG) reduces ROS and prevents cell death in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Methods: We determined whether KRG inhibits apoptosis by suppressing DDRs and apoptotic indices in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. The infected cells were treated with or without KRG or an ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933. ROS levels, apoptotic indices (cell death, DNA fragmentation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activity) and DDRs (activation and levels of ATM, checkpoint kinase 2, Mdm2, ARF, and p53) were determined. Results: H. pylori induced apoptosis by increasing apoptotic indices and ROS levels. H. pylori activated DDRs (increased p-ATM, p-checkpoint kinase 2, ARF, p-p53, and p53, but decreased Mdm2) in gastric epithelial cells. KRG reduced ROS and inhibited increase in apoptotic indices and DDRs in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. KU-55933 suppressed DDRs and apoptosis in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, similar to KRG. Conclusion: KRG suppressed ATM-mediated DDRs and apoptosis by reducing ROS in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Supplementation with KRG may prevent the oxidative stress-mediated gastric impairment associated with H. pylori infection.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.315-334
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evolve development strategies used as primary resources for the development plan establishment of public libraries in Yongsan-gu. To reach the aims of this research, this study examined precedent studies related to the status of domestic libraries operation and development plan. This research derived integral factors such as regional characteristics, library facilities, human resources, collections, and budges to be considered for analysis of the current situations. By using in-depth interviews with librarians and professionals, the operational and development plans of public libraries in Yongsan-gu were explored. The findings presented in this study suggested development strategies such as an expansion of library infrastructure and reading culture and development of regional specialization programs and redesign the management system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2008

Functional MRI technique was used in this study for examining the language switching mechanisms between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2). Language switching mechanism is regarded as a complex task that involves an interaction between L1 and L2. The aim of study is to find out the brain activation patterns during the phonological process of reading real English words and English words written in Korean characters in a bilingual person. Korean-English bilingual subjects were examined while they covertly read four types of words native Korean words, Korean words of a foreign origin, English words written in Korean characters, and English words. The fMRI results reveal that the left hemispheric language-related regions at the brain, such as the left inferior frontal, superior temporal, and parietal cortices, have a greater response to the presentation of English words written in Korean characters than for the other types of words, in addition, a slight difference was observed in the occipital-temporal lobe. These results suggest that a change in the brain circuitry underlying the relational processes of language switching is mainly associated with general executive processing system in the left prefrontal cortex rather than with a similarity-based processing system in the occipital-temporal lobes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.43 no.3 s.135
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• pp.101-110
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• 2005

In this study, the trypsin gene (bgtryp-1) from the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, was cloned via the immunoscreening of patients with allergies to cockroaches. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicted an 863 bp open reading frame which encodes for 257 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited $42-57\%$ homology with the serine protease from dust mites, and consisted of a conserved catalytic domain (GOSGGPLV). bgtryp-1 was determined by both Northern and Southern analysis to be a 0.9 kb, single-copy gene. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses of the recombinant protein (Bgtryp-1) over-expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that the molecular mass of the expressed protein was 35 kDa, and the expressed protein was capable of reacting with the sera of cock-roach allergy patients. We also discussed the possibility that trypsin excreted by the digestive system of the German cockroach not only functions as an allergen, but also may perform a vital role in the activation of PAR-2.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

This study employed the first-person shooter task(FPST: Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002) paradigm to examine racial bias toward Blacks in a population unrelated to the Black-White racial context. We tested whether having Korean participants play the role of a White police officer portrayed as nonracist (vs. racist) would attenuate the bias to shoot Black suspects. Participants were told that they would perform a police simulation task as a White police officer, who was described as racist or nonracist, or was presented without a description. They then performed the FPST. Although nonracist description lowered shooter bias, racist description weakened it even more, contrary to our prediction. The latter result is interpreted as due to activation of an egalitarian goal after reading about racism-related description, especially as the description was about someone who was to be incorporated to the self. Supporting this interpretation, a mediation analysis involving Racist and Control conditions revealed that the racist description was associated with stronger perception of the officer's racial bias, which in turn was correlated with weaker shooter bias.