• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the iodide specific ion electrode method (ISE) and neutron activation analysis method (NAA) for determining iodine in human milk and cow milk. The neutron irradiation and counting operations were carried out at the TRIGA Mark-III reactor facility of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The mean concentrations of iodine in human milk samples by the ISE and the NAA were 1450$\mu\textrm{g}$/L and 1350$\mu\textrm{g}$/L, respectively. The levels were not significantly different. In cow milk samples , the mean concentrations of iodine by the ISE and the NAA were 250$\mu\textrm{g}$.L and 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/L, respectively. here, the ISE reading was significantly higher than the NAA. reading. The correlations of the two methods were 0.92(p<0.001) for human milk samples and 0.65 for cow milk samples . The coefficient of variation was 8.3% in the ISE and 4.9% in the NAA. Therefore, the iodide specific ion electrode method is sample and fast method, but probably not in processed milk since free sulfhydryl groups in milk are also detected by the iodide electrode. However, these also indicate that the ISE method may be applicable to human milk and pasteurized milk if the conventional pasteurization time-temperature relationship of standards is not exceeded. On the other hand, the NAA method , which is independent of chemical forms and matrix, can be used for determining iodine in all kinds of milk and foods.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.259-277
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• 2015

이 연구는 광주광역시 C대학 도서관에서 운영하는 독서토론클럽 참여자의 인식을 조사하고 평가하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 참여자의 인구통계학적 특성, 참여기간과 태도에 따른 참여효과 차이, 독서토론클럽의 문제점에 대해 조사하였다. 자료의 수집은 설문조사와 인터뷰를 통해 이루어졌으며, 분석 결과 참여기간이 1년 미만인 참여자보다는 3년 이상인 참여자가, 참여태도가 나쁜 참여자보다는 좋거나 매우 좋은 참여자의 참여효과가 더 높은 것으로 드러났다. 또한, 향후 대학도서관 독서진흥프로그램의 운영에 일조하기 위해 독서토론클럽 문제점을 분석한 결과를 토대로 활성화 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.207-228
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• 1999

This study is to evaluate the economies of scale of the public libraries in metropolitan cities. The results of the regression analysis confirm that for all samples of libraries there is diseconomies of scale in library operations (${\Sigma}b_{n}$≒6.14∼10.91). Therefore, all the types of public libraries should be improve productivity by user-based collection development, increasing circulation turnover rate, activation of in-library use, strengthening mobile library services, rational planning of services area, development of reading programs connected with the curriculum, a new branch library plans, etc.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2002

In this paper I develop a mechanism of interpreting Korean “wh-phrases”. The phrases have various readings depending on where they occur and they could be ambiguous even in the same structure. Yet their readings are subject to certain restrictions. I assume that the “wh-phrases” behave like variables and that there are three quantifiers to bind the phrases; $COMP_{wh},\;COMP_{conc}$ and derivational $\exists$-quantifier. Based on the assumptions I suggest derivational quantification, which consists of three conditions. 1) A quantifier can bind only when it merges into the derivation; 2) $\exists$-quantifier accompanies 〔-OP〕 complementizer but its activation is optional; 3) an instance of quantification makes the clause opaque to other instances of quantification. Scrambling data support derivational approach and across-the-board interpretation motivates the opacity condition. The opacity condition accounts for ATB- interpretations of reflexive pronouns. It can also explain the island effect of wh-islands without adopting covert wh-movement in Korean.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.293-305
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to measure cognitive load levels by analyzing the EEG of Koreans and foreigners, when they read a Korean text with care selected by level from the grammar and vocabulary aspects, and compare the cognitive load levels through quantitative values. The study results can be utilized as basic data for more scientific approach, when Korean texts or books are developed, and an evaluation method is built, when the foreigners encounter them for learning or an assignment. Background: Based on 2014, the number of the foreign students studying in Korea was 84,801, and they increase annually. Most of them are from Asian region, and they come to Korea to enter a university or a graduate school in Korea. Because those foreign students aim to learn within Universities in Korea, they receive Korean education from their preparation for study in Korea. To enter a university in Korea, they must acquire grade 4 or higher level in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK), or they need to complete a certain educational program at each university's affiliated language institution. In such a program, the learners of the Korean language receive Korean education based on texts, except speaking domain, and the comprehension of texts can determine their academic achievements in studying after they enter their desired schools (Jeon, 2004). However, many foreigners, who finish a language course for the short-term, and need to start university study, cannot properly catch up with university classes requiring expertise with the vocabulary and grammar levels learned during the language course. Therefore, reading education, centered on a strategy to understand university textbooks regarded as top level reading texts to the foreigners, is necessary (Kim and Shin, 2015). This study carried out an experiment from a perspective that quantitative data on the readers of the main player of reading education and teaching materials need to be secured to back up the need for reading education for university study learners, and scientifically approach educational design. Namely, this study grasped the difficulty level of reading through the measurement of cognitive loads indicated in the reading activity of each text by dividing the difficulty of a teaching material (book) into eight levels, and the main player of reading into Koreans and foreigners. Method: To identify cognitive loads indicated upon reading Korean texts with care by Koreans and foreigners, this study recruited 16 participants (eight Koreans and eight foreigners). The foreigners were limited to the language course students studying the intermediate level Korean course at university-affiliated language institutions within Seoul Metropolitan Area. To identify cognitive load, as they read a text by level selected from the Korean books (difficulty: eight levels) published by King Sejong Institute (Sejonghakdang.org), the EEG sensor was attached to the frontal love (Fz) and occipital lobe (Oz). After the experiment, this study carried out a questionnaire survey to measure subjective evaluation, and identified the comprehension and difficulty on grammar and words. To find out the effects on schema that may affect text comprehension, this study controlled the Korean texts, and measured EEG and subjective satisfaction. Results: To identify brain's cognitive load, beta band was extracted. As a result, interactions (Fz: p =0.48; Oz: p =0.00) were revealed according to Koreans and foreigners, and difficulty of the text. The cognitive loads of Koreans, the readers whose mother tongue is Korean, were lower in reading Korean texts than those of the foreigners, and the foreigners' cognitive loads became higher gradually according to the difficulty of the texts. From the text four, which is intermediate level in difficulty, remarkable differences started to appear in comparison of the Koreans and foreigners in the beginner's level text. In the subjective evaluation, interactions were revealed according to the Koreans and foreigners and text difficulty (p =0.00), and satisfaction was lower, as the difficulty of the text became higher. Conclusion: When there was background knowledge in reading, namely schema was formed, the comprehension and satisfaction of the texts were higher, although higher levels of vocabulary and grammar were included in the texts than those of the readers. In the case of a text in which the difficulty of grammar was felt high in the subjective evaluation, foreigners' cognitive loads were also high, which shows the result of the loads' going up higher in proportion to the increase of difficulty. This means that the grammar factor functions as a stress factor to the foreigners' reading comprehension. Application: This study quantitatively evaluated the cognitive loads of Koreans and foreigners through EEG, based on readers and the text difficulty, when they read Korean texts. The results of this study can be used for making Korean teaching materials or Korean education content and topic selection for foreigners. If research scope is expanded to reading process using an eye-tracker, the reading education program and evaluation method for foreigners can be developed on the basis of quantitative values.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.185-208
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• 2018

이 연구는 자유학기제에 따른 학교도서관 연계 교육을 통한 학교도서관 활성화 및 사서교사, 교과교사의 역할 제고에 대한 올바른 방향을 탐색하기 위해, 도서관활용교육, 진로교육, 독서교육에서의 실제적인 효과성을 알아보는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 자유학기제에 따른 학교도서관 연계 교육 경험이 있는 교사 73명과 학생 112명에게 설문조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 교사와 학생의 수업 빈도는 독서교육, 도서관활용교육, 진로교육 순이었다. 교사와 학생의 효과성에는 전반적으로 유의미한 영향을 나타내는 것으로 나타났고, 교사는 특히 전문성의 영역에서, 교사의 만족도는 진로교육(형태측면), 창의성(요소측면)에서 높았다. 학생은 특히 상호작용 부문에서 유의미한 효과성이 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 첫째, 자유학기제에 따른 학교도서관 연계 교육에서 활용할 독서교육의 다양한 모델에 대한 연구가 필요하다는 점, 둘째, 앞으로 도서관활용교육, 진로교육, 독서교육의 확대 추이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다는 점, 셋째, 효과성에 기여하는 각 요소에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다는 점, 넷째, 교사들의 만족도 증가를 위해 창의성을 발휘할 수 있는 여러 전략적인 방안이 필요함을 제안했다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.94.2-95
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• 2003

E. intermedium 60-2G possessing a strong ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate, has plant growth-promoting activity, induced systemic resistance activity against scab pathogen in cucumber, and antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. The phosphate solubilizing activity of 60-2G may be mainly accomplished by production of gluconic acid through a direct extracellular oxidation of glucose by glucose dehydrogenase that required a PQQ cofactor for its activation. A pqq gene cluster conferred Phosphate-solubilizing activity in E. coli DH5${\alpha}$ was cloned and sequenced. The 6,783 bP pqq sequence had six open reading frames (from A to F) and showed 50-95％ homology to pqq genes from other bacteria. The E. coli strain expressing the pqq genes solubilized phosphate from hydroxyapatite after a pH drop to 4.0, which paralleled in time the secretion of gluconic acid. To study the role of PQQ in biocontrol traits of E. intermedium, PQQ mutants of 60-2G were constructed by marker exchangee mutagenesis. The PQQ mutants of E. intermedium were lost activities of solubilizing phosphate, growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi, and plant growth promotion. These findings suggest that PQQ plays an important role, possibly activation of certain enzymes, in several beneficial bacterial traits of E. intermedium by as yet an unknown mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

Sequencing analysis of a 5-kb DNA fragment from Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439 revealed the presence of one 3.1-kb open reading frame(ORF), designated as afsR-sv. The deduced product of afsR-sv(1,056 aa) was found to have high homology with the global regulatory protein AfsR. Homology-based analysis showed that aftR-sv represents a transcriptional activator belonging to the Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein(SARP) family that includes an N-terminal SARP domain containing a bacterial transcriptional activation domain(BTAD), an NB-ARC domain, and a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain. Gene expression analysis by reverse transcriptase PCR(RT-PCR) demonstrated the activation of transcription of genes belonging to pikromycin production, when aftR-sv was overexpressed in S. venezuelae. Heterologous expression of the aftR-sv in different Streptomyces strains resulted in increased production of the respective antibiotics, suggesting that afsR-sv is a positive regulator of antibiotics biosynthesis.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2005

In this study, we have isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) glutamate decarboxylase (RicGAD) clone from a root cDNA library, using a partial Arabidopsis thaliana GAD gene as a probe. The rice root cDNA library was constructed with mRNA, which had been derived from the roots of rice seedlings subjected to phosphorus deprivation. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the RicGAD clone was 1,712 bp long, and harbors a complete open reading frame of 505 amino acids. The 505 amino acid sequence deduced from this RicGAD clone exhibited 67.7% and 61.9% identity with OsGAD1 (AB056060) and OsGAD2 (AB056061) in the database, respectively. The 505 amino acid sequence also exhibited 62.9, 64.1, and 64.2% identity to Arabidopsis GAD (U9937), Nicotiana tabacum GAD (AF020425), and Petunia hybrida GAD (L16797), respectively. The RicGAD was found to possess a highly conserved tryptophan residue, but lacks the lysine cluster at the C-proximal position, as well as other stretches of positively charged residues. The GAD sequence was expressed heterologously using the high copy number plasmid, pVUCH. Our activation analysis revealed that the maximal activation of the RicGAD occurred in the presence of both $Ca^{2+}$ and calmodulin. The GAD-encoded 56~58 kDa protein was identified via Western blot analysis, using an anti-GAD monoclonal antibody. The results of our RT-PCR analyses revealed that RicGAD is expressed predominantly in rice roots obtained from rice seedlings grown under phosphorus deprivation conditions, and in non-germinated brown rice, which is known to have a limited phosphorus bioavailability. These results indicate that RicGAD is a $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent enzyme, and that RicGAD is expressed primarily under phosphate deprivation conditions.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2003

최근 우리의 아동.청소년들은 과거 그 어느 때보다 병들어가고 있다. 아동.청소년 문제는 결국 그들의 마음속 상처와 관련이 있기 때문에 그들의 상처를 어루만지고 건강한 삶을 유도하기 위해서는 책을 통한 독서치료가 그 어느 때 보다 시급하다 하겠다. 학교도서관은 사서교사들이 상담교사와의 협력 아래 독서치료를 시행하기에 적합한 기관이다. 그러나 현재 학교도서관에서 독서치료를 수행하는 곳은 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 학교도서관에서의 독서치료 활성화를 위해 다음과 같은 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 아동.청소년의 마음의 상처에 대한 진원지와 정신문제 유형에 대한 이해이며, 둘째 독서치료용 독서자료 개발이며, 셋째 학교도서관에서 적용할 수 있는 독서치료 프로그램 개발이다.