• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-86
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• 1994

In order to provide data of effective health education for practice of preventive health behavior for visual acuity care. The authors investgated the actual acuity and health behavior for visual acuity care. The subjects of this study were 2250 students in high school. The data were collected by questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study which has been made through references and student's health record. The results were as follows, 1) As students move up to grade, the number of students with decreased visual acuity had a tendency to increase. In cases with decreased visual acuity below 0.2 in one or both eye, the number of cases was increased in accordance with moving up to grade, especially visual acuity of right eye was more decreased than that of left eye. 2) As to proportion of the group with decreased visual acuity among the total students, among 2250 students, students with decreased visual acuity was 35.6%(800 students). According to school type, in academic school, frequency of students with decreased visual acuity in day school was higher then that in night school. In commercial school, the frequency of students who had decreased visual acuity in night school were higher than that of students in day school. 3) As to variables influencing the decreased visual activity, there was a significant different between groups with normal visual acuity and groups with subnormal in terms of awareness of visual acuity by themself, parent's visual acuity, unbalanced eating habit, distance from television, or books, posture in watching television, posture in reading, awareness of illumination in classroom. 4) As to practice of protective and preventive health behavior for visual acuity care, In group with normal visual acuity. There was good practice such as proper eating habit, proper studying habit, and health habit in its descending order, but proper illumination and regular eye test were practiced poorly. In group with subnormal visual acuity, one of the vest practice in visual acuity care was an effort to prevent eye strain. Other good practice involve tasking regular eye test, maintaining proper studing habit, in its descending order.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.893-905
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• 2001

Korean students ranked the 3rd out of 32 participating countries in the first cycle of PISA(Programme for International Student Assessment) science field, which assessed 15-years-old students' scientific literacy. PISA developed several variables such as parents' socio-economic status, parents' educational attainment, family wealth, and cultural possession, to investigate the effects of background variables on scientific literacy. On the other hand, motivation and engagement in science study were not given much attention, partly because science was the minor area in the first cycle of PISA. Therefore, PISA Korea developed a series of variables to collect data on students' learning motives and out-of-school activities in science as a national option. The results are as followings. First, Korea was found to be one of the PISA participating countries with the scientific literacy achievement least influenced by parents' socio-economic status, family wealth, and parents' cultural possession. Second, the degree of achievement in scientific literacy according to parents' educational attainment was in a positive correlation, similar to the overall tendency of PISA. Third, the most crucial learning motive for Korean students was their desire to develop scientific thinking abilities or obtain science knowledge. On the other hand, choosing jobs in the field of science or parental expectation was the least important learning motive. In particular, the motive for scientific learning was found to have a positive relationship with the degree of scientific literacy achievement. Therefore, the higher the students achievement, the stronger the motive for scientific learning in order to develop their ability to think scientifically or acquire science knowledge. Fourth, Korean students were shown to participate very little in out-of-school scientific activities other than watching TV programs related to science. Whatever the activities may be, the more actively involved students are in out-of-school scientific activities, the higher their scientific literacy achievement. Fifth, Korean girls were rather passive compared to boys in all areas, including science learning motive and out-of-school scientific activities. The gender difference was especially more pronounced in out-of-school scientific activities with wider gaps in such activities as reading scientific books or articles and visiting science-related web sites.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2001

This study focused on the understanding the life of the elderly in the institution by phenomenological method. The participants were seven. who were 4 men and 3 women living in the elderly institution in Taegu. The data were collected through the indepth interviews and participant observation from June 20. 1999 to January 10. 2000 and analyzed by phenomenological analytic method by Giorgi. The structure of the meaning were as follows: Unhappy life: irresponsibility. self-centered thought. hardness. Irresistible life: misfortune. unhealthiness. Reading their son's intention. Bitter life: unfair treatment from their sons and daughters, betrayed feeling for their being thrown away. Outside oriented life: a fear of others' attention, wrong information about institutionalized life, maladjustment. Self-consolation life: comfortableness, convenience, economic merit of low cost. Dissatisfied life: discomfort from communal living. unkindness of the institution staffs, depreciated tendency to the elder people, irrational social security system. economic distress, physical pain, restrained feeling. Tenacity to their sons and daughters longingness for their sons and daughters, regretableness, waiting, Regretable life: remorse for their past life. agony, guilty, loneliness, grief, self-abandonment, self-depreciation, other residents' death in common. Inharmonious life with other residents complaint, conflict, ignorance, selfishness. Yearning life for opposite sex: sexual interest. Preparing for their life: control over their body and mind, consideration for others. A life with hope: blessing death, forever healthfulness, affiliation to their family. From the results of this study an education and consultation should be done as soon as possible to remove the negative recognition of the institutional life to the facility residents. the family and the future consumers of elderly institution. To minimize the maladjustment to facility life of residents, a new program and interventions for the new comer's are needed. The thesis with above results will widen the understandings of institutional residents and an important guidance for a better nursing care in elderly institutions of korea.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2012

This paper proposes a method for evaluating web pages by considering implicit user reaction on web pages. Usually users spend more time and make more reactions, such as clicking, dragging and scrolling, while reading interesting pages. Based on this observation, a web page evaluation method by observing implicit user reaction is proposed. The system is designed with Ajax for observing user reactions, and neural networks for learning correlation between user reactions and usefulness of pages. The amounts of each type of user reactions are inputted to neural networks. Also the numbers of characters and images of pages are used as inputs because the amount of users' behaviors has a tendency to increase as the length of pages increase. The experiment is conducted with 113 people and 74 pages. Each page is ranked by users with a questionnaire. The proposed method shows more close ranking results to the user ranks than Google. That is, our system evaluates web pages more closely to users' viewpoint than Google. Although our experiment is limited, our result shows powerful potential of new element for web page evaluation. Some approaches evaluate web pages with their contents and some evaluate web pages with structural attributes, particularly links, of pages. Web page evaluation is for users, so the best evaluation can be done by users themselves. So, user feedback is one of the most important factors for web page evaluation. This paper proposes a new method which reflects user feedbacks on web pages.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.351-374
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• 2020

Public libraries provide information and cultural programs based on various collections as an information and culture hub in local communities. This study analyzed the cases of cultural programs of public libraries in the United States on "Programing Librarian," a website operated by the American Library Association to identify the trend of library programs. As a result of the analysis, the traditional program types such as hobbies, culture, and reading are major program types, but the new types as society and life are also appearing. New types of program activities such as social activities and experiences are also identified. In addition, it was analyzed that the tendency to effectively operate cultural programs with minimal cost is also occurring in the United States. As a marketing channel, Facebook was the most preferred method of promoting cultural programs.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal application rate and time of mixed expeller cake (MEC) for the replacement of chemical fertilizer. Dongjin-1, as cultivated rice was used at Fluvio-marine deposit in Honam plain paddy field. Soil chemical properties were improved by the application of MEC. Contents of total nitrogen and organic matter were higher in 70%, 100% plots of basal dressing than standard fertilizer application (SFA) plot. Cation exchangeable capacity was highly increased in 70% plot of basal dressing. Also, the content of organic matter in soil was increased with MEC application. Cation exchangeable capacity, total nitrogen and available phosphate were decreased according to late application time. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil showed high tendency at more application rate of MEC, and nitrogen mineralization at harvest season have finished in 50%, 70% plots of basal dressing. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil was increased according to late application time, however it was decreased in the late period of growth. Leaf color value became darker with increased application rate of MEC. Leaf color was dark green in MEC application plots at panicle formation stage, on the other hand, it was light green in 50%, 70% plots of basal dressing at heading stage. SPAD reading value of leaf-color was high during the whole growth stage in MEC application plots. More application rate of MEC showed higher tendency of fertilizer nitrogen absorption. Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest in 70% plot of basal dressing. Absorbed amount of fertilized nitrogen was increased in 10~15days before transplanting and nitrogen use efficiency was high according to the late application time. The ratio of perfect kernel and the content of protein on hulled rice showed high tendency at the less application rate of MEC. The ratio of head rice on milled rice showed high tendency at the less application rate of MEC. Rice yield increased 4% in 100% and 70% plots of basal dressing compare with SFA ($5.18Mg\;ha^{-1}$) plot respectively. Ear and culm length of rice were long according to the late application time, while the numbers of spikelet and ear were increased and the percentage of ripened grain was decreased. Rice yield was increased 2~5% in all MEC application plots compared to SFA plot and especially, increased 10~15days before transplanting in application plots. The optimal application rate and time of MEC on normal paddy field in plain were concluded that 70% basal dressing and 10~15days before transplanting

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.295-324
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• 2016

This essay attempts a contrapuntal reading of Thomas More's Utopia. Contrapunctual reading, proposed by Edward Said. attempts to make a text speak across temporal, cultural, and ideological boundaries to a topic of present. I examine two opposite readings of Utopia around 2011 by both pro- and anti-Occupy Wall Street positions. On the one hand, the opponents of Occupy find its limits as a utopian social movement echoing in the fictional character of Hythrodaeus and the alternative society verbally sketched by him in Book Two of Utopia. On the other, Occupy's advocates read More's text as embodying its radial possibility. However, each shares the tendency to denounce Book Two, praising Book One in which Hythrodaeus vehemently criticizes England; they read Hythrodaeus not as an utopian idealist but as a social critic. The Occupy, as a result, is seen here as having an ambivalent relationship to utopianism. I reinterpret the radical possibilities of Book Two criticized by both pro- and anti-Occupy invocations of Utopia. Book Two provides a utopian space in which the existing social contradictions are cancelled, revealing the limits of the three partial utopias proposed at the end of Book One. Following Louis Marin's argument, I argue, the "utopic" space does not lie in the so-called ideal society described in the text but in the inconsistencies between the text's description(discourse) and topography(map). In Book Two the existence of a king is described, yet his space is not found in the topography of utopia; likewise market is described as existing at the center of a city, yet its space is not found either. These inconsistencies create a neutral space in which the ideological contradictions of the text are cancelled, and the space opens up the possibility of communal society beyond modern sovereign power and capitalism I argue this utopian dream needs to be summoned once again in our time as a compelling alternative to the corporate, capitalist order.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.203-228
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• 2009

ChaeHo Shin's major interests were in the ancient history, among other periods of the Korean history. Shin's depiction of history is characterized by having nation in the heart of history, whose tendency of nationalism was purposefully strong. In general, the nationalism of those times was emphasizing a 'strong' nation, just as in the case of Shin's theory, and at the same time stood for the theory of social evolution with a view to raising the nation in the front line of history. The nationalism, in association with the theory of social evolution, ended up having a propensity that criticizes imperialism on the one hand, and envies it on the other. This inclination is literally shown in Doksasillon (A New Guide to Reading History), which is ChaeHo Shin's research on the ancient history. Doksasillon is a historical essay that was published serially in 50 installments from August 27th through December 13th in 1908. Unlike the existing views in the late 1900s on the ancient history, among other ages of the Korean history, Doksasillon can be called a treatise with a focus on nation. Doksasillon is an incomplete study which can be divided into two parts, introduction and ancient times that is the first volume. It, nevertheless, shows the aspect of a powerful nation activist who tried to surmount the life-and-death crisis of nation by 'recalling' the nation in the period of the late-Joseon and the Korean empire in 1908 and 'rediscovering' the territory. It also reflects a slice of a historian's anguish that attempted to cope with the national crisis by virtue of the 'power' of history. It is ChaeHo Shin who 'rediscovered' the Buyeo tribe as the mainstream of the ancient history of Korea, and recomposed and materialized the ancient history. Shin chose the 'Buyeo tribe' as a principal race, and used it as a representative of the Korean nation in the ancient era, which was because Buyeo and Goguryeo were the strongest. The emphasis laid on the powerful nation in the history of Korea well reflects the efforts of a powerful nation activist in the age of the late-Joseon, and on the other hand, it shows how nationalism came to be formed in Korea. ChaeHo Shin is regarded as a person who lived in the age in which nationalism, which underscores the homogeneity of a nation, had to be stressed as a sole weapon for a nation who was left behind in modernization and whose rights were disseized. Dosasillon shows a process of reconstructing the history of DanKun and the Buyeo tribe and unearthing a hero who was valued as a savior of the nation, which was the reason that ChaeHo Shin wrote a history.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.103-112
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• 2013

This study is the subsequent full-scale research to explore an undisputed top Korean TV drama writer, Su-Hyeon Kim, more profoundly, who has been out of scholarly pursuits. As it begins with discussing her mixed tendency by genre, we discuss about a useful reading method of the writer's relatively conservative genre, a home-drama. For the purpose of the study, it sets up the intertextuality theory. This study assents to that criticism of diminishing in its original meaning of M. Bakhtin's dialogism, which led J. Kristeva to name and fix the term. Therefore this paper mainly applies the Bakhtin's intertextuality theory to analyze common elements of the writer's and . Also it applies the G. Gennette's intertextuality of 'imprints' and 'transformation' between hypotext and hypertext to figure out their correlation. The analysis shows that the writer's home-drama realizes its mutual relationship and intersubjectivity of the Bakhtin's core intertextuality concept, which results in gaining viewers' popularity. And it also explains that the writer uses 'repetition' and 'transformation' method of intertextuality to contain its intended message in her own home-dramas. As the result of the study, to the writer, Su-Hyeon Kim, while a melodrama genre is for her fundamental inquiry of a 'privative', 'fractured' human being, a home-drama genre is for her message of the only solution of a 'family' to that inquiry with her own intention.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.362-369
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• 2008

There is developing interest in precision agriculture in Korea, despite the fact that typical Korean fields are less than 1 ha in size. Describing within-field variability in typical Korean production settings is a fundamental first step toward determining the size of management zones and the inter-relationships between limiting factors, for establishment of site-specific management strategies. Measurements of rice (Oriza Sativa L) yield, chlorophyll content, and soil properties were obtained in a small (100-m by 30-m) Korean rice paddy field. Yield data were manually collected on 10-m by 5-m grids (180 samples with 3 samples in each of 60 grid cells) and chlorophyll content was measured using a Minolta SPAD 502 in 2-m by 2-m grids. Soil samples were collected at 275 points to compare results from sampling at different scales. Ten soil properties important for rice production in Korea were determined through laboratory analyses. Variogram analysis and point kriging with and without median polishing were conducted to determine the variability of the measured parameters. Influence of variogram model selection and other parameters on the interpretation of the data was investigated. For many of the data, maximum values were greater than double the minimum values, indicating considerable spatial variability in the small paddy field, and large-scale spatial trends were present. When variograms were fit to the original data, the limits of spatial dependency for rice yield and SP AD reading were 11.5 m and 6.5 m, respectively, and after detrending the limits were reduced to 7.4 m and 3.9 m. The range of spatial dependency for soil properties was variable, with several having ranges as short as 2 m and others having ranges greater than 30 m. Kriged maps of the variables clearly showed the presence of both large-scale (trend) variability and small-scale variability in this small field where it would be reasonable to expect uniformity. These findings indicate the potential for applying the principles and technology of precision agriculture for Korean paddy fields. Additional research is needed to confirm the results with data from other fields and crops.d similar tendency with the result for the frequency less than 20 Hz, but the width of change was reduced highly.