• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.390-396
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• 1997

A sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was developed using monoclonal antibodies. For this assay, we used three monoclonal antibodies to trap and detect apo A-I. HDAI16 and HDA15 monoclonal antibodies were used for trapping apoA-I and HDAI8 monoclonal antibody was for detecting apoA-I. These three monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with high density lipoprotein (HDL) isolated from human plasma. By immunoblot analysis, these three monoclonal antibodies were specific to apoA-I and showed no cross-reactivities with other plasma proteins. The results of competition assays for epitope cross-reactivity test also verified that these monoclonal antibodies identified separate and distinct epitopes on HDL and apoA-I. Affinity constants of monoclonal antibodies were measured by ELISA. Their association constants ranged from $10^7$ to $10^8$ $M^{-1}$. For this assay, pure apoA-I was isolated by affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies. In this sandwich assay, the amount of HRP-labeled HDAI8 bound to apoA-I trapped by HDAI16 and HDAI5 was proportional to apoA-I concentration in the range of 0 to 500ng/ml. ApoA-I concentration in plasma was calculated from the linear regression equation of standard curve. The precision and reliability of the assays are reflected in the low intra-and interassay coefficients of variation that averaged 3.25% and 4.30%, respectively. This assay is sensitive, simple, reproducible, convenient in incubation interval, and does not use radioisotope: thus it can be widely applied in clinical laboratories.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.319-329
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescent's family function, impulsive behavior, stress on the bullying types. Method: Data were collected from 627 adolescents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 18.0. Results: The bullying types (injurer and victim) correlates with family function, impulsive behavior and stress. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed emotional reactivity, non-planning impulsiveness, friends related stress, experience of drinking (yes), experience of parent depression problem (yes), explained 34.1% of the total variance in bully injurer. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed communication, motor impulsiveness, friends related stress, gender (male), grade (junior high school), explained 30.9% of the total variance in bully victim. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data in providing a better understanding of adolescents' bullying, in preventing bullying and in developing an intervention program.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2020

This study presents an initial design for a novel system consisting in a coupled nuclear reactor and a phase change material-based thermal energy storage (TES) component, which acts as a buffer and regulator of heat transfer between the primary and secondary loops. The goal of this concept is to enhance the capacity factor of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the case of high integration of renewable energy sources into the electric grid. Hence, this system could support in elevating the economics of NPPs in current competitive markets, especially with subsidized solar and wind energy sources, and relatively low oil and gas prices. Furthermore, utilizing a prismatic-core advanced high temperature reactor (PAHTR) cooled by a molten salt with a high melting point, have the potential in increasing the system efficiency due to its high operating temperature, and providing the baseline requirements for coupling other process heat applications. The present research studies the neutronics and thermal hydraulics (TH) of the PAHTR as well as TH calculations for the TES which consists of 300 blocks with a total heat storage capacity of 150 MWd. SERPENT Monte Carlo and MCNP5 codes carried out the neutronics analysis of the PAHTR which is sized to have a 5-year refueling cycle and rated power of 300 MW_th. The PAHTR has 10 metric tons of heavy metal with 19.75 wt% enriched UO₂ TRISO fuel, a hot clean excess reactivity and shutdown margin of $33.70 and -$115.68; respectively, negative temperature feedback coefficients, and an axial flux peaking factor of 1.68. Star-CCM + code predicted the correct convective heat transfer coefficient variations for both the reactor and the storage. TH analysis results show that the flow in the primary loop (in the reactor and TES) remains in the developing mixed convection regime while it reaches a fully developed flow in the secondary loop.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1980

$T_3-BSA\;and\;T_4-BSA$ conjugates were prepared and identified spectrophotometrically. The ${\lambda}max$ of the conjugates was just coincided with that of BSA, but the molar extinction coefficients of the conjugates were generally larger than that of BSA itself. The molar ratios of $T_3:\;BSA\;and\;T_4:\;BSA$ in the prepared conjugates were found to be 9:1 and 5:1, respectively. The titers of the $T_3$ antisera were generally higher (max. $1.5{\times}10^4:1$) than those of $T_3$ (max. $2{\times}10^3:1$), and the average cross reactivity of the $T_3$ antibody with $T_3$ was lower (0.45%) than that of $T_4$ antibody with $T_3(3{\sim}4%)$. The results of the study indicate that the predominant cause of the lower titers and the lower specificity of the $T_4$ antisera comparing with those of $T_3$ is mainly due to the unstability of the $T_4-BSA$ and consequent degradation of the conjugate to $T_3-BSA$ during preparation, purification, and even during immunization. The lower molar ratio of $T_4$ to BSA in the preparation stage is also considered to be a minor factor. By measuring $T_3,\;T_4$ levels in the reference control serum, it has been confirmed that the prepared antisera can sufficiently be utilized, respectively, in the established radioimmunoassay systems.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2009

A fundamental investigation has been conducted on the combustion of single particle of a sub-bituminous coal char burning at different temperatures and residence times. The lab-scale test setup consisted of a drop tube furnace where gas temperatures varied from $900^{\circ}C$ to $1400^{\circ}C$. A calibrated two color pyrometer, mounted on the top of the furnace, provided temperature profiles of luminous particle during a char oxidation. An amount of char mass reacted during the reaction is measured with thermogravimetry analyzer by using an ash tracer method. As a result, mass and area reactivity as well as reaction rate coefficients are determined for the char burning at atmospheric pressure condition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.468-476
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• 1989

Kineties for the reactions of pyridines with 1-anthracenesulfonyl chloride (1-ASC) and 3-phenanthrenesulfonyl chloride (3-PSC) was investigated in methanol as solvent. Structural variation in pyridine followed $Br{\o}$ nsted and Hammett relations for both 1-ASC and 3-PSC; the corresponding coefficients, {\beta}\;and\;{\rho}\;at\;20^{\circ}C$ were 0.55, -3.5 for 1-ASC, and 0.43, -2.6 for 3-PSC respectively. Reactivity-selectivity principle was checked in competition system 1-ASC/3-PSC. As a result, this principle was found to hold at experimental temperatures, whereas to break down over in the range of isoselective temperature ($34.3^{\circ}C$). Judging from the above results and activation parameters, we concluded that these reactions proceeded by synchronous $S_n2$ mechanism in rate-determining step.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.875-883
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• 2015

The use of subcritical aqueous homogenous reactors driven by accelerators presents an attractive alternative for producing $^{99}Mo$. In this method, the medical isotope production system itself is used to extract $^{99}Mo$ or other radioisotopes so that there is no need to irradiate common targets. In addition, it can operate at much lower power compared to a traditional reactor to produce the same amount of $^{99}Mo$ by irradiating targets. In this study, the neutronic performance and $^{99}Mo$, $^{89}Sr$, and $^{131}I$ production capacity of a subcritical aqueous homogenous reactor fueled with low-enriched uranyl nitrate was evaluated using the MCNPX code. A proton accelerator with a maximum 30-MeV accelerating power was used to run the subcritical core. The computational results indicate a good potential for the modeled system to produce the radioisotopes under completely safe conditions because of the high negative reactivity coefficients of the modeled core. The results show that application of an optimized beam window material can increase the fission power of the aqueous nitrate fuel up to 80%. This accelerator-based procedure using low enriched uranium nitrate fuel to produce radioisotopes presents a potentially competitive alternative in comparison with the reactor-based or other accelerator-based methods. This system produces ~1,500 Ci/wk (~325 6-day Ci) of $^{99}Mo$ at the end of a cycle.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2005

The monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3), on chromosome 17q11.2-q12, is a secreted chemokine, which attracts macrophages during inflammation and metastasis. In an effort to discover additional polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in asthma, we scrutinized the genetic polymorphisms in MCP3 to evaluate it as a potential candidate gene for asthma host genetic study. By direct DNA sequencing in twenty-four individuals, we identified four sequence variants within the 3 kb full genome including 1,000bp promoter region of MCP3; one in promoter region (-420T>C), three in intron (+136C>G, +563C>T, +984G>A) respectively. The frequencies of those four SNPs were 0.020 (-420T>C), 0.038 (+136C>G), 0.080 (+563C>T), 0.035 (+984G>A), respectively, in Korean population (n = 598). Haplotypes, their frequencies and linkage disequilibrium coefficients (|D'|) between SNP pairs were estimated. The associations with the risk of asthma, skin-test reactivity and total serum IgE levels were analyzed. Using statistical analyses for association of MCP3 polymorphisms with asthma development and asthma-related phenotypes, no significant signals were detected. In conclusion, we identified four genetic polymorphisms in the important MCP3 gene, but no significant associations of MCP3 variants with asthma phenotypes were detected. MCP3 variation/haplotype information identified in this study will provide valuable information for future association studies of other allergic diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.893-899
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• 2008

Changes in spectroscopic characteristics and pyrene binding coefficients of terrestrial dissolved organic matters(DOM) were investigated during microbial incubation. The incubation studies were conducted for 21 days using a leaf litter DOM and a soilderived DOM with an inoculum from a river. The dissolved organic carbon(DOC), the specific UV absorbance(SUVA), the synchronous fluorescence spectra, and the pyrene organic carbon-normalized binding coefficient(K$_{oc}$) of the DOM were measured at the incubation days of 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21. After the 21-day incubation, DOC were reduced to 61% and 51% of the original concentrations of the litter DOM and the soil-derived DOM, respectively. Comparison of the spectroscopic characteristics before and after the incubation revealed that the SUVA, the fulvic-like fluorescence(FLF), the humic-like fluorescence(HLF) of the different DOM were enhanced by the incubation whereas the protein-like fluorescence(PLF) was reduced. This indicates that more aromatic and humic-like compounds were enriched during the biodegradation process while biodegradable and weak carbon structures were depleted. Irrespective of the DOM sources, SUVA values showed a positive relationship with pyrene K$_{oc}$ with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The FLF and HLF also exhibited good correlations with K$_{oc}$ values although different regression equations were obtained from the different DOM. Our results suggest that the selected spectroscopic characteristics could be good estimation indices for the changes of the binding reactivity of DOM for hydrophobic organic contaminants during biodegradation process.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of the concentration of carbon dioxide on the char-$CO_2$ gasification reaction under isothermal conditions of $850^{\circ}C$ using the Drayton coal. Potassium carbonate was used to improve the low-temperature gasification reactivity. The enhancement of carbon dioxide concentration increased the gasification rate of char, while gasification rate reached a saturated value at the concentration of 70%. The best $CO_2$ concentration for gasification is determined to be 70%. We compared the shrinking core model (SCM), volumetric reaction model (VRM) and modified volumetric reaction model (MVRM) of the gas-solid reaction models. The correlation coefficient values, by linear regression, of SCM are higher than that of VRM at low concentration. While the correlation coefficients values of VRM are higher than that of SCM at high concentration. The correlation coefficient values of MVRM are the highest than other models at all concentration.