• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate the effect of capping materials on blocking pollutant elution from contaminated sediment to water body. Experiments were carried out under conditions in which the elution rate was intensified artificially using compost with high concentration of organic compound and nutrient salts instead of sediments. Activated carbon (AC), modified activated carbon (MAC), P. putida immobilized activated carbon (PBAC) and effective microorganisms immobilized activated carbon (EBAC) were used as capping materials. Zeolite (ZT) and two kinds of commercially available microorganisms immobilized zeolite products (ZC, ZN) were used for comparison experiment. The elution rate of organic compound, nitrogen and phosphorus were compared with that of control experiment. The experiments were conducted for 56 days. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were measured to use the comparison of release rate of organic compound, nitrogen and phosphorus. From the experimental results, AC based materials showed better performance to block the elution of organic compound and nitrogen than ZT based materials. Although ZT based materials were more effective than AC and PBAC to block phosphorus, MAC and EBAC showed the best performance of phosphorus elution blocking among the all candidate materials. In conclusion, EBAC is considered as the most effective capping materials, because organic compound, nitrogen and phosphorus will be degraded continuously by EM in the long term.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2007

Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharid material which shows an ability to incorporate organic guest molecules inside their cavity area. Thus, this ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ treatment on fiber substrates may provide the changed surface characteristics of the substrates such as solubility, chemical reactivity and spectral property. In this context, the aim of this present work is to make a bridge connection using hetero-bi-functional reactive dye between fiber substrates and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$. In addition, the corresponding Berberine inclusion behaviors into the inner cavity of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ was examined. The %exhaustion of Berberine inclusion as a guest molecule within the ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The findings showed that the %exhaustion of Berberine inclusion increased with increasing the prepared dye bridge compound and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ host material.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2017

Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1651-1655
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• 2007

Rod-like polymerizable LC molecules having two different reactive groups, i.e. acryl and diacetylene groups were prepared. 4-Hydroxyphenyldiacetylenes were synthesized by the coupling reaction of 1-bromoalkynes with 4-ethynylphenol and then reacted with 4-(6-acryloyloxyalkyloxy)benzoic acid to give polymerizable LC molecules 4a-d. The mesomorphic properties of compounds 4a-d were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Compounds 4a-c exhibited smectic and nematic phases, but compound 4d having a longest alkyl tail among the series formed only a smectic phase. Photopolymerizability of acryl and diacetylene groups was investigated by IR spectroscopy. An anisotropic polymer film could be prepared by selective polymerization of acryl groups with 365 nm UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone). The subsequent reaction of diacetylene groups with 254 nm UV light disrupted the anisotropic structure, suggesting that these LC molecules could be used for imaging on the film.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 1998

Recently almost wastes except recycled garbage are dumped into landfill site in Korea. Landfills are significant compounds (NMOCS) are produced. NMOCS include reactive volative organic compound (VOC) and hazardous air pollutants. LAEEM (Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model) developed by Control Technology Center, V.S. EPA is used to estimate a mount of landfill gas from all landfills. As the result, landfill gas 4,121,000 ton, carbon dioxide 2,951,000 ton, methane 1,1120,000 ton are estimated as emissions from all landfills in Korea.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2011

Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is known to be carcinogenic compound. CSC contains many organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic amine compounds (HCAs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated and induce oxidative DNA damage during the metabolism of CSC. The rat microsome mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with conventional comet assay were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of CSC genotoxicity. The organic extract of CSC induced oxidative and microsome mediated DNA damage. Vitamin C as a model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclease III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor, reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (BV) or the mixed fruits (BF) showed potent inhibitory effects against CSC induced DNA damage with oxidative DNA lesions and in the prescence of S-9 mixture. These results indicate that BV and BF could prevent CSC-induced cellular DNA damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing cytochrome P450 in mammalian cells.

• 청정기술
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2008

마이크로 에멀젼 수용액에 분산된 반응성 유기화합물을 전기분해를 통하여 얻을 수 있는 수산화이온 및 수소이온을 이용하여 가수분해시키고, 분해속도를 비교하는 실험을 수행하였다. 반응물질로 사용된 p-nitrophenylacetate (PNPA)의 가수분해로부터 발생하는 p-nitrophenoxide 농도 변화에 따른 흡광도 변화를 이용하여 분해속도를 얻을 수 있었다. 자체 조립한 전기분해 장치를 이용하여 전압, 반응온도, 반응물질 양에 따른 분해속도 변화를 관찰하였다. 마이크로 에멀젼 사용으로 인하여 반응물질 용해도를 증가시킬 수 있으며, 전기분해법 사용으로 인하여 반응속도 조절이 용이하며, 유지비용이 저렴하고, 기존 화학물질 투여방법에 비해 소모되는 시약 보충 및 반응 후 부산물 처리 등의 과정이 수월하다. 유기물질 분해에 대한 메커니즘 및 수처리 분야 응용에 대하여 토의하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.58-61
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• 2002

An alternative to pump and treat groundwater remediation is the use of reactive barriers. Zero valent iron (ZVI) is particularly useful as a reductant of chlorinated hydrocarbons because of its low cost and lack of toxicity ZVI can drive the dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds and the reduction of chromium from the Cr(Ⅵ) to the Cr(III) state. The contaminants in subsurface environment usually exist as the mixed compounds. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of the other compounds on TCE removal by ZVI. The removal mechanism of TCE by ZVI is separated the dechlorination and sorption. TCE removal by ZVI slightly increased in presence of naphthalene as the non-reduced compound. TCE removal by ZVI remarkable decreased in presence of carbon tetrachloride, nitrate, and chromate as the reduced compounds. This research suggests that the effect of the coexisted compounds on the removal chlorinated compounds by reactive barrier technology should be considered for practical application.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1967

放射性 沃化反應 中 分解하기 쉬운 化合物의 沃化反應으로 有用한 低溫沃化反應에 關하여 硏究하였다. Chloroamine-T를 利用한 沃化反應은 低溫에서 높은 收率로 放射性 沃化反應을 進行시킬 수 있었으며, 活性化된 芳香核이 있는 또는 이에 類似한 아미노酸, 蛋白質化合物, 各 種 Phenol類의 沃化가 不可能하였으나 二重結合化合物 및 一般化合物엔 큰 效果가 없었다. 反應收率은 $100{\sim}60%$이었으며, 各 化合物의 試藥에 對한 反應度는 親電子反應에 對한 芳香核의 反應度와 比例하는 것이었다. 反應操作을 記述하였으며 反應過程을 考察하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2013

다공질 세라믹 막을 사용하는 플라즈마-촉매 반응기에서 휘발성유기화합물의 분해가 수행되었다. 저압차 촉매 지지체로 사용된 세라믹 막에 광촉매인 산화아연을 담지하여 휘발성유기화합물의 산화 성능을 개선하고자 하였다. 교류 고전압에 의해 구동되는 플라즈마가 다공질 세라믹 막 내에서 전개되면서 휘발성유기화합물의 분해에 이용되는 라디칼, 오존, 이온, 여기상태 분자 등 다양한 활성성분을 생성하게 된다. 반응기에 공급되는 고전압이 증가함에 따라 플라즈마가 점차 방사방향으로 전개되어, 일정 전압을 넘어서면 세라믹지지체 전체적으로 균일한 플라즈마가 생성되었다. 휘발성유기화합물 분해 성능 평가에는 에틸렌이 이용되었다. 전기에너지밀도, 반응기 입구 에틸렌 농도, 촉매 담지 여부, 기체 조성에 따른 에틸렌 분해효율이 조사되었다. 같은 에너지 밀도에서 비교하면 산화아연이 담지된 촉매에서의 에틸렌 분해 효율이 담지되지 않은 경우보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 기체 조성 변화 실험을 통해 폐가스의 주요 구성성분인 산소와 질소 모두 에틸렌의 분해를 개시하는데 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. 일반적인 기상반응과 달리, 플라즈마 반응기에서의 에틸렌 분해 반응은 활성 성분의 양에 의해 지배되므로, 방전 전력이 동일할 경우 에틸렌 농도가 높아질수록 분해효율이 저하되었다.