• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2004

쑥 분말의 첨가와 원료육 등급이 돼지고기 햄의 저장성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여, 규격돈(B등급) 및 경산모돈(E등급)에 쑥 분말을 첨가한 것과 첨가하지 않은 네 종류의 돼지고기 햄을 제조하였다. $L^{*}$ 값은 $B_{o}$ 및 $B_{+}$ 햄은 저장 후기가 높았으며, $E_{o}$ 햄은 저장 2주째 가장 높았고, $E_{+}$ 햄은 저장 중 변화가 없었다. 그러나 B등급육 햄의 $L^{*}$ 값이 E등급육 햄보다 높았으며, $a^{*}$ 값은 E등급육 햄이 높았다. 햄의 pH는 저장 중 감소하다가 저장 8주까지 증가하였다. 아질산 잔류량은 저장 2주까지 급격히 감소하였으며, 쑥 분말의 첨가는 아질산 잔류량의 감소에 영향을 미쳤다. VBN 함량은 저장초기 6.90∼7.90 mg%이던 것이 저장 중 증가하여 8주 째에는 14.07∼14.83 mg%를 나타내었다. TBARS는 저장 중 증가하였으며, 쑥 분말을 첨가한 것이 첨가하지 않은 것보다 저장 4주와 6주 째에 더 낮았다. 총균수는 모든 햄이 저장 중에 증가하였으며, 쑥 분말의 첨가는 총균수에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2017

In this study, the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, and meat quality of Hanwoo steer was investigated. A total of 32 Hanwoo steers (15-17 months, average body weight $462{\pm}37.9kg$) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% mixed probiotics), with four Hanwoo steers per pen (two replicates per treatments), and reared for 12 months. There were no differences among treatments in growth performance of Hanwoo steer (P>0.05); however, feed intake decreased linearly with increasing levels of mixed probiotics. Growth hormone and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels responded linearly with increasing levels of dietary mixed probiotics (P<0.05), but not insulin and blood glucose did not. In particular, total cholesterol was significantly lower for the 1% mixed probiotic treatment in comparison with that of the other treatments (P<0.05). The pH, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), cooking loss, and meat color were influenced by increasing levels of mixed probiotics (P<0.05), but the carcass characteristics and shear force were not. Regarding sensory evaluation, the addition of mixed probiotics resulted in significant difference in meat color, tenderness, aroma, off-flavor, juiciness, and marbling score, but not in overall acceptability. In addition, fatty acid profiles indicated no differences between control and mixed probiotic treatments. In conclusion, mixed probiotic treatment at 1% levels can enhance consumer preferences possibly by reducing cholesterol and TBARS.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine from various angles the protective effect of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) against nerve cell death induced by $\beta$-amyloid by using the cell line SH-SY5Y, which is commonly utilized for toxicity testing in nerve cells, and to find out its mechanism of action. Methods : To begin with, as a result of assessing the rate of cell survival by employing MTT reduction assay, the treatment with $\beta$-amyloid at different concentrations caused cytotoxicity, which was inhibited by preprocessing GEB extract. In addition, after $\beta$-amyloid was processed with the cell SH-SY5Y, apoptosis progressed, which was reduced effectively by processing GEB extract. Results : When cytotoxicity was caused by using hydrogen peroxide, a representative ROS, in order to examine the antioxidant effect of GEB, its protective effect was also observed. Apart from ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also known to play a crucial role in nerve cell death. The treatment with the NO donor SNAP increased the production of nitric oxide and the expression of iNOS, which was also inhibited by GEB extract. Meanwhile, as an attempt to find out the mechanism of action explaining the antioxidant effect, the intracellular antioxidant enzyme expressions were measured by RT-PCR, which showed that GEB extract increased the expressions of heme oxygenase-1, GAPDH and $\gamma$-glutamate cysteine ligase. Lastly, GEB extract had a protective effect against impaired memory induced by scopolamine in animal models (in vivo). Conclusions : These findings indicate that GEB has a protective effect against the death of cranial nerve cells, suggesting possibilities for the prevention and treatment of AD.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2012

본 연구는 인진쑥을 첨가한 TMR 사료가 흑우육의 이화학적 품질 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 고품질의 기능성 흑우육 생산 가능성을 검토하였다. 대조군(control)은 인진쑥을 첨가하지 않은 비육우 사료를 급여하였고, 급여군(treatment)은 비육우 사료에 인진쑥을 첨가하였다. 총 catechin 함량은 대조군 및 급여군이 각각 0.262 및 0.379 mg/kg, epicatechin은 각각 0.042 및 0.059 mg/kg으로 급여군이 유의하게 높았다($p$ <0.05). 적색도($a^*$)는 급여군이 대조군보다 높았으나($p$ <0.05) 명도($L^*$) 및 황색도($b^*$)는 급여군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 pH, VBN 함량 및 총균수는 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 TBARS는 대조군이 급여군보다 높았고, EDA는 급여군이 대조군보다 높았다. 보수력, 동결감량, 해동감량 및 가열감량은 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경도 및 검성은 급여군이 대조군보다 높았고, 탄성은 대조군이 급여군보다 높았다($p$ <0.05). 그러나 응집성, 저작성 및 전단력은 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 생육의 색깔 및 향, 가열육의 맛, 풍미, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 대조군 및 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 인진쑥의 급여로 항산화 물질이 축적되어 흑우육의 색깔이 개선되고, 항산화력이 증가하는 효과가 있기 때문에 기능성 고품질 흑우육 생산을 위한 기능성 사료의 소재로서의 이용이 기대된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

규격돈의 비육돈육(B 등급육)에 0.3%의 쑥 분말을 첨가한 수육(B$_{+}$ 수육)과 첨가하지 않은 수육(B$_{0}$ 수육), 그리고 종빈돈에서 생산된 육(E 등급육)에 쑥 분말을 첨가한 수육(E$_{+}$ 수육)과 첨가하지 않은 수육(B$_{0}$ 수육)을 제조하고, 도체등급과 쑥 분말이 이화학적, 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 수육의 pH, 휘발성 염기질소 함량, 일반세균 수, 열량, 필수아미노산, 유리아미노산, 불포화지방산 조성, 황색도, 종합적 기호도는 원료육의 등급과 쑥 분말 첨가 유무에 관계없이 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. B$_{0}$수육의 보수력, 탄성 및 명도는 E$_{0}$ 수육보다 높았다(p＜0.05). B$_{0}$ 수육의 적색도는 E$_{0}$수육보다 낮게 나타났다(p＜0.05). B$_{0}$ 수육의 맛과 연도는 E$_{0}$ 수육보다 현저히 우수하였다(p<0.05). 쑥 분말 첨가에 의하여 수육의 보수력, TBARS 값 및 아질산이온 잔류량이 낮아졌다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

본 연구는 유화형 소시지에 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 각각 0.04와 0.08% 수준으로 첨가하여 지방산화, 잔존 아질산염 함량, 휘발성 염기태질소(VBN)함량 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 지방산화도를 나타내는 TB-ARS는 저장 45일까지 대조구와 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 첨가한 소시지간에 차이가 없었지만, 저장 60일에는 뽕잎 및 감잎분 말 0.04% 첨가한 소시지가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 TBARS를 나타내었다. 잔존 아질산염 함량은 뽕잎 및 감잎 분말을 첨가한 소시지가 낮게 나타났다. 휘발성 염기태질소 ;VBN)함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 대조구와 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 첨가한 소시지 모두 증가하였다. 지방산 조성은 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 첨가한 소시지가 PUFA/SFA 비율이 높게 나타났다. 이상에서 뽕잎과 감잎분말을 첨가하여 유화형 소시지를 제조하였을 때 휘발성 염기태질소 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 소시지의 지방산화를 감소시키면서 잔존 아질산 염을 낮추는 기능성 있는 제품 생산이 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

닭고기 가슴육의 저장성을 증진시키기 위해 저수준의 감마선을(0.5, 1.0, 1.5kGy) 조사하여 냉장저장 중 품질변화와 미생물학적 특성을 조사하였다. pH는 저장 1일에 감마선 처리구가 대조구보다 낮은 수준을 보였고 육즙손실은 저장 1일과 3일에 0.5와 1.0 kGy 수준의 방사선 처리구에서 대조군보다 높은 수준을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 육색 중 L과 a값은 저장 1일에 1.0과 1.5 kGy 수준으로 조사 처리한 경우 증가하였으나 b값은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총균수는 감마선 처리구가 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 나타내었으며, 대장균과 대장균군은 방사선 처리구에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 또한 단백질변성도와 지방산패도를 나타내는 VBN과 TBARS 값은 방사선 처리구에서 대조군보다 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 결국 저수준의 방사선 처리가 닭고기 가슴육의 저장성을 증진시키기는 하지만 육즙손실 또한 증가시켜 추후 이를 감소시키기 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2017

This study was conducted to establish the shelf life of $1^{++}$ grade Hanwoo beef by evaluating the changes in meat quality and storage stability under distribution conditions similar to those during export to Hong Kong and China. Four muscles of the loin, striploin, tenderloin, and top round muscles were obtained from 10 animals of $1^{++}$ grade Hanwoo steers. The distribution conditions were 0, 7, or 14 d of aging at $2^{\circ}C$ and continuous storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 0, 3, 6, or 9 mon. The lightness (CIE $L^*$) values decreased as the duration of freezer storage increased (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity of 4 muscles increased as the aging time increased when they were frozen for 3 mon (p<0.05). The cooking loss values of the four muscles were significantly increased as the duration of freezer storage increased (p<0.05). The Warner-Bratzler shear force values were significantly decreased in the loin, striploin, and top round muscles as the aging time increased (p<0.05). The changes in volatile basic nitrogen (16.67-18.49 mg%) and thiobarbituric reactive substance values (0.75-0.82 mg MA/kg meat) were significantly increased when the meat was frozen for 9 mon after 14 d of aging. On the basis of these observations, the shelf life of $1^{++}$ grade Hanwoo beef during distribution should be limited to less than 9 mon of freezer storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ after 14 d of aging at $2^{\circ}C$.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2011

The effects of organic acids mix (0.4%) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the storage quality of sliced bacon were investigated. Pork bellies were treated with or without organic acids at the curing stage. The organic acids mix comprised 35% sodium acetate, 25% salt, 15% calcium lactate, 11% trisodium citrate, 7% ascorbate, and 7% citric acid. The cured pork bellies were smoked and packaged with 50% $CO_2$ + 50% $N_2$ (50% $CO_2$-MAP) and 100% $N_2$ (100% $N_2$-MAP), and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 14 d. The 50% $CO_2$-MAP showed a higher pH value (p<0.05) up to 10 d, a lower protein deterioration (p<0.05) as measured by volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) from 6 to 14 d, and a higher color value of lightness (CIE $L^*$) compared to 100% $N_2$-MAP. The development of lipid oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values seemed to be effectively controlled throughout the storage period in both 50% $CO_2$-MAP and 100% $N_2$-MAP regardless of the application of organic acids. The 50% $CO_2$-MAP inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (p<0.05) both in non-added and bacon added with organic acids mix. The 50% $CO_2$-MAP alone seemed to be effective in delaying the growth of bacteria since the use of organic acids mix gave no additional effects. The addition of organic acids mix lowered the pH value (p<0.05), effectively retarded the protein deterioration (p<0.05), and showed a higher color value of lightness (CIE $L^*$) value (p<0.05) and lower color value of redness (CIE $a^*$) value (p<0.05). In conclusion, 50% $CO^2$-MAP showed better quality and self-life of sliced bacon during storage. However, the beneficial effect of organic acids mix was not noticed in the concentration used in this experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1756-1763
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• 2017

Objective: The study aimed at assessing the effects of frozen storage duration on quality characteristics, lipid oxidation and sensory quality of various horse muscles. Methods: Five representative muscles: longissimus dorsi (LD), gluteus medius (GM), semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris (BF), and triceps brachii (TB) at 24 h post-mortem obtained from 28-mo-old Jeju female breed horses (n = 8) were used in the present investigation. The muscles were vacuumpackaged and frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 120, 240, and 360 days. All the samples were analyzed for thawing and cooking losses, pH, Warner-Bratzler shear forces (WBSF), color traits, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory traits. The muscle samples analyzed on day 0 of frozen storage (fresh, non-frozen) were used for comparison. Results: Results revealed that thawing and cooking losses significantly (p<0.05) increased in all the muscles after 120 days and then remained unchanged up to 360 days of frozen storage. The TBARS and TVBN contents significantly increased as increasing frozen storage time up to 360 days (p<0.05). While, significant decreases in WBSF values were observed for all the muscles with increased frozen storage time (p<0.05). Frozen storage variously affected the color traits of the muscles for instance; the redness of LD, GM, and BF muscles showed a decreasing tendency during frozen storage while it was not changed in TB and SM muscles. Furthermore, the frozen storage did not produce detrimental effects on sensory quality as it did not cause flavor and juiciness defects whereas it partially improved the tenderness of all the muscles studied. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from our work, it is concluded that frozen storage could be applied to increase the long-term shelf life of horsemeat while still retaining its sensory quality.