• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2007

An integrated material removal model considering thermal, chemical and contact mechanical effects in CMP process is proposed. These effects are highly coupled together in the current modeling effort. The contact mechanics is employed in the model incorporated with the heat transfer and chemical reaction mechanisms. The mechanical abrasion actions happening due to the mechanical contacts between the wafer and abrasive particles in the slurry and between the wafer and pad asperities cause friction and consequently generate heats, which mainly acts as the heat source accelerating chemical reaction(s) between the wafer and slurry chemical(s). The proposed model may be a help in understanding multi-physical interactions in CMP process occurring among the wafer, pad and various consumables such as slurry.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.165-170
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• 1998

Turbulent nonpremixed $H_2$-air jet flames are numerically investigated using the joint PDF model. The reaction progress variable is derived by assuming the radicals 0, H, and OH to be in partial equilibrium and additional species $HO_2$ and $H_2O_2$ in steady state. The model is extended to npnadiabatic flame by introducing additional variable for the transport of enthalpy and radiative source term is calculated using a local, geometry independent model. In terms of flame structure and NO formation, the predicted results are favorably agreed with experimental data. The effects of nonequilibrium chemistry and radiative heat loss on the thermal NO formation are discussed in detail.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Waste combustion above a grate is the core process of incineration systems, stability of which should be guaranteed for emission minimization. However, complicated reactions and heat and mass transfer phenomena make understanding the process difficult. One dimensional bed combustor with a numerical combustion model is utilized to investigate the combustion process of the bed, using cubic wood particles as a simulated fuel. Bed combustion behavior is characterized with apparent flame propagation speed, which has close relationship with air supply rate and chemical and physical characteristics of the fuel. Base on the availability of oxygen, two distinct reaction zone is identified; the oxygen-limited and the reaction-limited zone leading to the extinction by excessive convection cooling. The numerical modeling shows good agreement with the experimental results. The transient bed combustion behavior of local temperature and oxygen consumption rate is adequately reproduced. The numerical model is extended to model the waste bed combustion of a commercial incineration plant, which shows meaningful results as well.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2014

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) consists of cement, silica fume (SF), sand, fibers, water and superplasticizer. Typical water/binder ratios are 0.15 to 0.20 with 20 to 30% silica fume. In the production of ultra-high performance concrete, a significant temperature rise at an early age can be observed because of the higher cement content per unit mass of concrete. In this paper, by considering the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the pozzolanic reaction, a numerical model is proposed to simulate the hydration of ultra-high performance concrete. The heat evolution rate of UHPC is determined from the contributions of cement hydration and the pozzolanic reaction. Furthermore, by combining a blended-cement hydration model with the finite-element method, the temperature history in the hardening of UHPC is evaluated using the degree of hydration of the cement and the silica fume. The predicted temperature-history curves were compared with experimental data, and a good correlation was found.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2014

Time-dependent formulations of the reactive scattering theory based on the wavepacket correlation functions with the M${\phi}$ller wavepackets for the electronically nonadiabatic reactions are presented. The calculations of state-to-state reactive probabilities for the quasi-Jahn-Teller scattering model system were performed. The conical intersection (CI) effects are investigated by comparing the results of the two-surface nonadiabatic calculations and the single surface adiabatic approximation. It was found that the results of the two-surface nonadiabatic calculations show interesting features in the reaction probability due to the conical intersection. Single surface adiabatic calculations with extended Born-Oppenheimer approximation using simple wavepacket phase factor was found to be able to reproduce the CI effect semi-quantitatively, while the single surface calculations with the usual adiabatic approximation cannot describe the scattering process for the Jahn-Teller model correctly.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2017

Purpose: Accelerated degradation tests can speed time to market and reduce the test time and costs associated with long term reliability tests to verify the required service life of a product or material. This paper proposes a service life prediction method for components or materials using an accelerated degradation tests based on the relationships between temperature and the rate of failure-causing chemical reaction. Methods: The relationship between performance degradation and the rate of a failure-causing chemical reaction is assumed and least square estimation is used to estimate model parameters from the degradation model. Results: Methods of obtaining acceleration factors and predicting service life using the degradation model are presented and a numerical example is provided. Conclusion: Service life prediction of a component or material is possible at an early stage of the degradation test by using the proposed method.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.414-419
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• 1994

알루미늄 박편 위에 Pt/$Al_2O_3$ 모델 촉매를 만들었다. 알루미늄 표면을 $10 ^5Torr$의 산소 압력 하에서 산화시킨후 plasma evaporation source를 사용하여 Pt을 증착시켰다. 이 모델 촉매 표면에서 일 어나는 1-butene 의 반응을 연구하였다. 산화알루미늄 표면에서는 이성질화 반응이 일어 났으나 Pt을 증착시킨 산화알루미늄 표면에서는 수소첨가반응이 일어남이 관찰되었다. 알루미나 표면의 Pt이 증가함 에 따라 수소첨가반응으로서 선택성이 증가되었다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

The diesel pre-heater has being used in cabin heating and coolant heating of engine to reduce the engine warm up time for commercial vehicle. The pre-heaters are classified as diesel spray combustor and it forms diffusion flame. By using swirler, a recirculation flow of hot product gases is established near the fuel nozzle and it helps the maintaining of diffusion flame. The design difference of swirler can affect on reaction characteristics and temperature distribution inside pre-heater. The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effect of swirler configuration on combustion characteristics. To solve spray combustion problem, the Euler-Lagrange approach discrete model is used to track droplet trajectory and evaporation history. The PDF equilibrium model is used for chemical reaction model. These models are implemented into the FLUENT code.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 반응 매질의 부피가 촉매 반응 속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 단순하지만 정확한 모델에 대한 연구로부터 촉매 반응의 반응 속도 계수는 매질의 부피가 줄어들 수록 증가함을 알게 되었다. 평균 반응속도 상수(average reaction rate constant)는 Collins-Kimball 속도 상수의 일반화 된 형태로 얻어졌는데, 속도 상수는 부피의 효과를 보정해주는 인자를 포함하고 있다. 조사한 모델의 반응물 농도는 전통적 화학 반응론에서 예측되는 지수함수적 감소와는 상당한 차이를 보이는데 이는 기존 화학 반응속도론에서는 무시되는 반응분자 공간 분포의 비평형 확산운동(non-equilibrium diffusive dynamics)의 효과 때문이다. 반응 매질의 부피 가 유한한 점을 고려하면, 반응 시간이 충분히 오래 지났을 때, 기존의 확산지배 반응에서는 예측 되는 않는 지수 함수적 농도 감소가 얻어지는데, 그 속도 상수 역시 반응매질 크기에 의존한다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2017

쉴드터널의 세그먼트 라이닝 단면 설계는 일반적으로 빔-스프링 모델을 사용하여 이루어지며, 산정되는 단면력은 모델구성요소인 작용하중, 지반반력계수, 세그먼트 조인트 위치 및 강성 등의 영향을 받는다. 국내 쉴드터널 세그먼트라이닝의 설계는 해외에서 사용되고 있는 구조해석 모델과 이음부 강성을 주로 이용하고 있으며, 기존 설계에서 사용하고 있는 구조해석 모델이나 조인트 강성을 적합여부 검토 없이 관행적으로 사용해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 쉴드터널 세그먼트 라이닝의 부재력을 산정하기 위해 필요한 지반반력계수, 모델링 방법 등 빔-스프링 모델의 기본 구성요소들에 대한 비교 검토를 통하여 세그먼트 라이닝 설계법을 구성하는 기본 요소들의 적용방법을 제안하였다.